Biotechnology Quiz: Multiple Choice Questions

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| By Merchyle
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Merchyle
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Quizzes Created: 2 | Total Attempts: 2,647
| Attempts: 2,217
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  • 1/10 Questions

    The nitrogen bases which pair with two hydrogen bonds are

    • Adenine and thymine
    • Adenine and cytosine
    • Cytosine and guanine
    • Cytosine and adenine
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About This Quiz

This Biotechnology quiz assesses knowledge on DNA structure, genetic material, and enzymatic functions essential in genetic processes. It is suitable for learners interested in genetics and molecular biology, enhancing understanding of fundamental biotechnological concepts.

Biotechnology Quiz: Multiple Choice Questions - Quiz

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  • 2. 

    Formation of mRNA from DNA is called

    • Transformation

    • Transduction

    • Translation

    • Transcription

    Correct Answer
    A. Transcription
    Explanation
    Transcription is the process by which an RNA molecule, specifically mRNA, is synthesized from a DNA template. During transcription, the DNA double helix unwinds and one strand of the DNA acts as a template for the synthesis of a complementary mRNA molecule. This process occurs in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells and is essential for gene expression, as it allows the genetic information encoded in DNA to be transcribed into a form that can be used to produce proteins during translation. Therefore, transcription is the correct term for the formation of mRNA from DNA.

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  • 3. 

    DNA differs from RNA in

    • Presence of deoxyribose sugar

    • Presence of thymine base

    • Property of replication

    • All of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. All of the above
    Explanation
    DNA differs from RNA in all of the above mentioned ways. DNA contains deoxyribose sugar instead of ribose sugar found in RNA. Additionally, DNA contains thymine base while RNA contains uracil base. Finally, DNA has the property of replication, meaning it can make copies of itself, while RNA does not have this ability. Therefore, the correct answer is all of the above.

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  • 4. 

    Which of the following is not tool of genetic engineering?

    • Vectors

    • Enzymes

    • Foreign DNA

    • GMO

    Correct Answer
    A. GMO
    Explanation
    GMO (Genetically Modified Organisms) is not a tool of genetic engineering, but rather a product or outcome of genetic engineering. Genetic engineering involves the use of tools such as vectors (such as plasmids or viruses) to transfer foreign DNA into an organism, enzymes (such as restriction enzymes or DNA ligase) to manipulate and modify DNA, and foreign DNA itself, which is introduced into an organism to alter its genetic makeup. GMOs are organisms that have been genetically modified using these tools.

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  • 5. 

    The enzyme that cuts the bonds of DNA molecule at the origin of replication is 

    • Endonuclease

    • DNA polymerase

    • DNA gyrase

    • DNA ligase

    Correct Answer
    A. Endonuclease
    Explanation
    Endonuclease is the correct answer because it is an enzyme that cuts the bonds of the DNA molecule at the origin of replication. This enzyme plays a crucial role in DNA replication by creating breaks in the DNA strand, allowing for the initiation of replication. It specifically targets and cuts the phosphodiester bonds within the DNA molecule, separating the two strands and facilitating the replication process. DNA polymerase, DNA gyrase, and DNA ligase are also involved in DNA replication but do not directly cut the bonds at the origin of replication.

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  • 6. 

    In recombinant DNA technology a plasmid vector is cleaved

    • Modified DNA ligase

    • A heated alkaline solution

    • The same enzyme that cleave the donor DNA

    • The different enzyme other than that cleave the donor DNA

    Correct Answer
    A. The same enzyme that cleave the donor DNA
    Explanation
    In recombinant DNA technology, a plasmid vector is cleaved using the same enzyme that cleaves the donor DNA. This is because the same enzyme is used to create compatible sticky ends on both the plasmid vector and the donor DNA, allowing them to be joined together. By using the same enzyme, the sticky ends produced will have complementary base pairs, ensuring a strong and stable bond between the plasmid vector and the donor DNA. This is crucial for successful insertion of the desired DNA fragment into the plasmid vector during the cloning process.

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  • 7. 

    Extranuclear genetic material is found in

    • Plastid and nucleus

    • Mitochondria and plastids

    • Nucleus and cytoplasm

    • Mitochondria and nucleus

    Correct Answer
    A. Mitochondria and plastids
    Explanation
    Extranuclear genetic material refers to genetic material that is found outside of the nucleus. In eukaryotic cells, this genetic material can be found in organelles such as mitochondria and plastids. Mitochondria have their own DNA and are responsible for energy production in the cell. Plastids, on the other hand, are involved in various functions such as photosynthesis in plants. Therefore, the correct answer is mitochondria and plastids.

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  • 8. 

    If the strand of DNA has 35 nucleotides, how many phosphodiester bonds would exist?

    • 34

    • 35

    • 24

    • 70

    Correct Answer
    A. 34
    Explanation
    The number of phosphodiester bonds in a DNA strand is equal to the number of nucleotides minus one. Since the DNA strand has 35 nucleotides, there would be 34 phosphodiester bonds.

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  • 9. 

    Which of the following enzyme is required to release the tension imposed by uncoiling of strands?

    • Endonuclease

    • DNA ligase

    • DNA gyrase

    • DNA helicase

    Correct Answer
    A. DNA gyrase
    Explanation
    DNA gyrase is an enzyme that is required to release the tension imposed by uncoiling of strands. It is responsible for introducing negative supercoils in the DNA molecule, which helps to relieve the torsional strain generated during DNA replication and transcription. This enzyme is particularly important in bacteria, as it allows for the efficient unwinding and separation of DNA strands during these processes. DNA gyrase achieves this by breaking and rejoining DNA strands, effectively relieving the tension and preventing DNA damage.

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  • 10. 

    'Nif gene' for nitrogen fixation is cereal crops like wheat, etc is introduced by cloning

    • Rhizobium meliloti

    • Bacillus thuringiensis

    • Rhizopus

    • Rhizophora

    Correct Answer
    A. Rhizobium meliloti
    Explanation
    Rhizobium meliloti is the correct answer because it is a bacterium that forms a symbiotic relationship with leguminous plants, such as clover and alfalfa, to fix nitrogen. The Nif gene, responsible for nitrogen fixation, is introduced into cereal crops like wheat through cloning, and Rhizobium meliloti is commonly used as a source of this gene.

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  • Current Version
  • Jul 08, 2024
    Quiz Edited by
    ProProfs Editorial Team
  • Aug 14, 2012
    Quiz Created by
    Merchyle
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