AP Ch 17 Biotechnology

2.

What is the function of DNA ligase in recombinant technology?

Cut DNA into many fragments
Carry DNA into a new cell
Link together newly joined fragments of DNA
Make millions of copies of a specific segment of DNA
Separate fragments of DNA by their length and electrical charges

Correct Answer

A. Link together newly joined fragments of DNA

Explanation

DNA ligase is an enzyme that plays a crucial role in recombinant technology by linking together newly joined fragments of DNA. It catalyzes the formation of phosphodiester bonds between adjacent nucleotides, sealing any gaps or nicks in the DNA backbone. This process is essential for the successful construction of recombinant DNA molecules, such as plasmids or vectors, where different DNA fragments need to be joined together. DNA ligase ensures the integrity and stability of the recombinant DNA molecule by sealing any breaks in the DNA backbone, allowing for the proper functioning of the inserted genes or DNA sequences.

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3.

What is the function of the polymerase chain reaction in genetic engineering?

Cut DNA into many fragments
Carry DNA into a new cell
Link together newly joined fragments of DNA
Make millions of copies of a specific segment of DNA
Separate fragments of DNA by their length and electrical charges

Correct Answer

A. Make millions of copies of a specific segment of DNA

Explanation

The function of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in genetic engineering is to make millions of copies of a specific segment of DNA. PCR is a technique that allows scientists to amplify a small amount of DNA into a large quantity. This is done by using specific primers that bind to the DNA segment of interest, and then using a heat-stable DNA polymerase to synthesize new DNA strands. Through a series of temperature cycles, PCR can exponentially replicate the target DNA segment, making it easier to study, manipulate, and analyze.

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4.

What is a restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP)?

A sequence of DNA complementary to a mRNA molecule
A variation in length of DNA fragments due to inherited differences in proteins produced
A variation in length of DNA fragments due to random differences in proteins produced
A variation in length of DNA fragments due to inherited differences in highly repetitive DNA
A variation in length of DNA fragments due to random differences in highly repetitive DNA

Correct Answer

A. A variation in length of DNA fragments due to inherited differences in highly repetitive DNA

Explanation

A restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) refers to a variation in the length of DNA fragments that is caused by inherited differences in highly repetitive DNA. These differences can be detected by using restriction enzymes to cut the DNA into fragments and then analyzing the resulting fragment sizes. By comparing the fragment sizes between individuals, it is possible to identify genetic variations and determine if they are associated with certain traits or diseases.

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5.

A human product that is being made in genetically engineered microorganisms includes

Human growth hormone.
Insulin.
Tissue plasminogen activator.
Clotting factor VIII.
All of the above.

Correct Answer

A. All of the above.

Explanation

The correct answer is "all of the above." This means that genetically engineered microorganisms are used to produce all of the mentioned human products, including human growth hormone, insulin, tissue plasminogen activator, and clotting factor VIII. These microorganisms are modified to produce these specific proteins, which can then be harvested and used for medical purposes.

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6.

What is the function of gel electrophoresis in genetic engineering?

Cut DNA into many fragments
Carry DNA into a new cell
Link together newly joined fragments of DNA
Make millions of copies of a specific segment of DNA
Separate fragments of DNA by their length and electrical charges

Correct Answer

A. Separate fragments of DNA by their length and electrical charges

Explanation

Gel electrophoresis is a technique used in genetic engineering to separate fragments of DNA based on their length and electrical charges. It involves placing DNA samples onto a gel and applying an electric current. The negatively charged DNA fragments move towards the positive electrode, with smaller fragments moving faster and traveling further through the gel. This separation allows scientists to analyze and study the different fragments of DNA. The other options listed, such as cutting DNA into fragments, carrying DNA into a new cell, linking fragments together, or making copies of specific segments, do not accurately describe the function of gel electrophoresis in genetic engineering.

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7.

Polymerase chain reactions can be used to recognize an infection before the body has started to make antibodies, through amplification of a selected gene sequence.

True
False

Correct Answer

A. True

Explanation

Polymerase chain reactions (PCR) are a powerful tool in molecular biology that allows for the amplification of specific DNA sequences. By targeting a selected gene sequence, PCR can detect the presence of an infection even before the body has produced antibodies. This is because PCR directly amplifies the genetic material of the pathogen, providing an early and sensitive method for diagnosis. Therefore, the given statement is true.

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AP Ch 17 Biotechnology

What is the function of a vector in genetic engineering?

Quiz Preview

What is the function of DNA ligase in recombinant technology?

What is the function of the polymerase chain reaction in genetic engineering?

What is a restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP)?

A human product that is being made in genetically engineered microorganisms includes

What is the function of gel electrophoresis in genetic engineering?

Polymerase chain reactions can be used to recognize an infection before the body has started to make antibodies, through amplification of a selected gene sequence.