Ultimate Trivia Quiz On Biotechnology

PCR, or Polymerase Chain Reaction, is a process that makes more DNA. It is a technique used to amplify a specific segment of DNA, allowing researchers to produce multiple copies of a particular DNA sequence. PCR involves a series of temperature cycles that cause the DNA to denature, or separate into two strands, then anneal, or bind to primers, and finally extend, or synthesize new DNA strands using a DNA polymerase enzyme. This process can rapidly produce millions or even billions of copies of a target DNA sequence, making it an essential tool in various fields such as genetics, forensics, and molecular biology.

All of the mentioned procedures have been successful in the agriculture arena. The addition of DNA into crops has been used to make them resistant to diseases, which helps in increasing crop yield. The sterilization of hybrid crops prevents them from naturalizing and ensures that their desirable traits are maintained. The ability to resist insects can be achieved by adding enzymes to crops, which reduces the need for chemical pesticides. Therefore, all of these procedures have been proven successful in improving agricultural practices.

Probes are small pieces of DNA or RNA that are used to identify specific sequences in a larger DNA molecule. They can be designed to bind to and highlight repeated segments on genes, helping researchers identify and study these segments. Probes can also be used to identify important disease-causing genes by binding to the specific sequences associated with those genes. Additionally, probes can be used to identify genes that are not functioning correctly by binding to the target gene and detecting any abnormalities or mutations. Therefore, the correct answer is that probes are used for all of these purposes.

A transgenic organism refers to both plants and animals that express DNA that has been modified or derived from other species. These organisms are also commonly known as Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs).

Both viruses and bacterial plasmids can be used to get a foreign gene into an organism. Viruses are often used as vectors to deliver the foreign gene into the host organism's cells. They can infect the cells and insert their genetic material, including the foreign gene, into the host's genome. Bacterial plasmids, on the other hand, are small, circular pieces of DNA that can be easily manipulated in the laboratory. They can be used to introduce the foreign gene into bacterial cells, which can then express the gene and produce the desired protein.

Recombinant DNA refers to DNA that has been modified to include genes or segments of genes from different organisms. It can be produced in bacteria, viruses, or yeast, and it is transferable between species. Therefore, the correct answer is "All of the above."

Both gel electrophoresis and polymer electrophoresis can separate segments of DNA. Gel electrophoresis involves the use of a gel matrix, usually made of agarose or polyacrylamide, through which an electric current is passed. DNA fragments are loaded onto the gel and are separated based on their size and charge. Polymer electrophoresis, on the other hand, uses a polymer matrix, such as polyethylene glycol, to separate DNA fragments. This technique is particularly useful for separating large DNA fragments. Therefore, both gel electrophoresis and polymer electrophoresis are effective methods for separating segments of DNA.

Both mutations and recombinants can occur on their own in nature. Mutations are spontaneous changes in the DNA sequence that can arise due to errors during DNA replication or exposure to mutagens. These changes can lead to genetic variations in organisms. Recombinants, on the other hand, are the result of genetic recombination, a natural process that occurs during sexual reproduction. It involves the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes, resulting in new combinations of genes. Both mutations and recombinants contribute to genetic diversity and evolution in nature.

RFLP stands for Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism, which is a technique used in molecular biology to analyze and compare DNA. It involves cutting DNA molecules into fragments using restriction enzymes, which create "sticky ends" that can bind to complementary sequences. Therefore, RFLP is the correct answer as it is a short segment of DNA with "sticky ends". PCR, STR, and DNA Fingerprint are not associated with "sticky ends".

Polymer electrophoresis is used for the sequencing of DNA. This technique involves separating DNA fragments based on their size using an electric field. The DNA fragments are loaded onto a gel matrix, and when an electric current is applied, the negatively charged DNA molecules migrate through the gel towards the positive electrode. Smaller DNA fragments move faster and travel further, while larger fragments move slower and remain closer to the loading well. By comparing the migration patterns of known DNA fragments with unknown fragments, the sequence of the DNA can be determined.