იმუნოლოგია (II) სავარჯიშო - 3

After an individual vaccination, immunity is not established because it only stimulates specific and temporary immune responses. This means that the immune system is activated to produce antibodies and memory cells that specifically target the vaccine's antigens. However, these immune responses may wane over time, leading to a decrease in immunity. Therefore, the correct answer is "specificity and memory."

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If negative selection does not occur in the process of T-cell development, it is possible for autoimmunity to occur. Autoimmunity refers to the immune system mistakenly attacking its own healthy cells and tissues. In the absence of negative selection, T-cells that recognize self-antigens are not eliminated, leading to the potential development of autoimmune diseases.

During an allergic reaction, the immune system mistakenly identifies a harmless substance, known as an allergen, as a threat. This triggers the production of immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies, which bind to mast cells and basophils. When the allergen is encountered again, it binds to the IgE antibodies on these cells, causing the release of chemical mediators such as histamine. This leads to the symptoms of an allergic reaction, including inflammation, itching, and swelling. Therefore, IgE antibodies are directly involved in the allergic response and are responsible for the reaction to the allergen.

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The correct answer is "Rag 1 da Rag2 – ის დეფიციტი". This suggests that the deficiency of Rag 1 and Rag 2, which are proteins involved in immune response regulation, is the cause of the immunodeficiency.

The correct answer is that igG is responsible for sensitization. igG binds to antigens and triggers their binding to mast cells, leading to sensitization.

Epinephrine causes bronchodilation and is effective in relieving symptoms of anaphylaxis. It also promotes the release of immune complexes in the blood.

During the Guillain-Barré syndrome, the basal membrane of the myelin sheath is attacked by the immune system. This leads to a disruption in the transmission of nerve signals, causing muscle weakness and paralysis. Therefore, the correct answer is "During Guillain-Barré syndrome."

All of the given answers are correct because IL4, TGF-b, and IL10 are all cytokines that can induce immunosuppression. Cytokines are small proteins that play a crucial role in regulating the immune response, and these particular cytokines have been shown to have immunosuppressive effects. IL4 is involved in inhibiting the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, TGF-b can suppress the activity of immune cells, and IL10 can inhibit the function of antigen-presenting cells. Therefore, all of these cytokines can contribute to immunosuppression.

X-გენთან შეჭიდული აგამაგლობულინემია (ბრუტონის აგამაგლობულინემია) არის სინდრომი, რომელიც აღმოაჩენს აგამაგლობულინემის გენის შეჭიდულობას. ეს სინდრომი ხელს ეხმარება მხოლოდ ჰუმორული იმუნური პასუხის დარღვევასთან, რაც აღმოაჩენს, რომ სინდრომის მდგომარეობა ჰუმორულად არ არის დარ

The correct answer is "შეშუპებით" (with vaccination). This answer suggests that the deficiency of C1-inhibitor can be clinically manifested by increasing susceptibility to severe infections, including both bacterial and viral infections. Vaccination can help prevent these infections and reduce the clinical manifestations associated with C1-inhibitor deficiency.

Each patient had a unique antigenic specificity for their symptoms. Different patients showed different antigenic responses in their symptoms and in the symptoms caused by the virus. The presence of different antigenic specificities in the samples taken from different patients indicates that each patient had a unique immune response to the virus.

The reaction described in the passage is the precipitation of antigen-antibody complexes on the blood vessels of the capillaries. This reaction occurs as a result of the immune complex formation in response to a specific type of hypersensitivity. The immune complexes, composed of antigens and antibodies, bind to IgE receptors on the blood cells, leading to the activation of inflammatory mediators. The release of these mediators causes the dilation and increased permeability of blood vessels, resulting in the symptoms associated with the hypersensitivity reaction.

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During allergic rhinitis, the immune system responds to allergens by producing antibodies, including immunoglobulin G (igG). Stimulating the production of igG can help to reduce the allergic response and alleviate symptoms. Therefore, introducing allergens in small and increasing doses can stimulate the production of igG and desensitize the immune system to the allergen, leading to a decrease in allergic reactions.

All of the answers are correct.

The complement system is an important part of the immune system that helps to defend against bacterial infections. It is a complex network of proteins that can recognize and destroy bacteria. Therefore, if the complement system is not functioning properly, it would impair the immune response against bacteria and make the individual more susceptible to infections.

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