DNA: The Molecule Of Heredity Quiz

The complementary strand to the given sequence "ATTGCC" is "TAACGG". In DNA, the base pairs are A-T and G-C. So, for each base in the original sequence, we need to find its complementary base. In this case, A pairs with T, T pairs with A, G pairs with C, and C pairs with G. Therefore, the complementary strand is "TAACGG".

When sequencing DNA, scientists usually only determine the sequence of one of the two strands because sequencing one strand gives them the complementary sequence to the other strand. Since DNA strands are complementary to each other, knowing the sequence of one strand allows scientists to determine the sequence of the other strand without directly sequencing it. This saves time and resources in the sequencing process.

A mutation refers to a change in the sequence of DNA bases. This means that there is an alteration in the order of the building blocks (adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine) that make up the DNA molecule. This change can occur due to various factors such as errors during DNA replication or exposure to certain chemicals or radiation. Mutations can have different effects, ranging from no impact to causing genetic disorders or contributing to the development of diseases like cancer.

The diversity of life is based on the unique sequence of bases in DNA. Each DNA molecule consists of a specific sequence of four different bases: adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), and guanine (G). The arrangement of these bases in the DNA molecule determines the genetic code and the instructions for building and functioning of organisms. The unique sequence of bases allows for the vast diversity of life, as different sequences result in different genes and traits. Therefore, the diversity of life can be spelled out using only four different bases because the unique sequence of these bases is responsible for the diversity.

Wilkins and Franklin discovered that DNA is a helix with repeating subunits.

The backbone of a DNA molecule is formed by sugar rings and phosphates. These two components alternate to create a strong and stable structure. The sugar rings provide the framework for the DNA molecule, while the phosphates link the sugar rings together. This backbone is essential for the stability and integrity of the DNA molecule, allowing it to store and transmit genetic information accurately. Nitrogenous bases, on the other hand, are attached to the sugar rings and play a crucial role in encoding the genetic information within the DNA molecule.

The partial charges in adenine and cytosine are not opposite to each other, meaning they do not have the necessary polarity to form hydrogen bonds. Hydrogen bonds are formed between a hydrogen atom with a partial positive charge and an atom with a partial negative charge. Since the partial charges in adenine and cytosine do not align in a way that allows hydrogen bonding, adenine cannot bind to cytosine in the same way it binds to thymine.

Cigarettes and radiation cause cancer by forcing mistakes during replication. When DNA replicates, errors can occur naturally, but cigarettes and radiation increase the likelihood of these errors happening. The chemicals in cigarettes and the radiation can damage the DNA structure, leading to replication errors. These mistakes can result in mutations that can disrupt normal cell function and potentially lead to the development of cancer.

The correct answer is to add radioactive phosphate and expect each cell to contain a radioactive chromosome. This is because DNA replication involves the synthesis of new DNA strands using nucleotides, which contain phosphate groups. By adding radioactive phosphate, it will be incorporated into the newly synthesized DNA strands during replication. Since each cell undergoes DNA replication and receives a copy of the chromosome, each cell will contain a radioactive chromosome. This supports the idea of semi-conservative DNA replication, where each newly formed DNA molecule consists of one original strand and one newly synthesized strand.

During DNA replication, the double-stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two individual strands. Each of these strands serves as a template for the synthesis of a new complementary strand. As a result, two new strands are formed, with each new strand being bound to its respective parent strand. This process ensures that the genetic information is accurately replicated and passed on to the daughter cells.

Watson and Crick's role in discovering the structure of DNA can be best summarized by stating that they created a key hypothesis for the structure of DNA. This implies that they proposed a theoretical model or explanation for the structure of DNA based on their observations and understanding. While it is true that they made key observations in the lab and performed experiments, these activities were part of the process of developing their hypothesis. The statement that they provided the final proof of the structure of DNA is not accurate, as their hypothesis required further validation and confirmation by subsequent research and experiments.

The necessary component of DNA replication that has been left out of this description is free nucleotides. During DNA replication, free nucleotides are used to build the complementary strands of DNA by pairing with the existing nucleotides on the template strand. These free nucleotides are the building blocks of DNA and are essential for the replication process to occur accurately. Without the addition of free nucleotides, the DNA cannot be copied successfully.

During the G2 phase of the cell cycle, a checkpoint would activate if a mistake were made during replication. This is because the G2 phase is the last phase before the cell enters into the mitotic phase (M phase), where the cell divides. The checkpoint in the G2 phase ensures that the DNA has been accurately replicated and any errors are corrected before proceeding to the next phase.