Soca 105 Final #1

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1/50 Questions

Historical arcchaeology refers to the study of?
- The science of history
- Societies with no written records
- Begins with the beginning of written history in the region under investigation
- Very recent studies

About This Quiz

This quiz titled 'SOCA 105 final #1' assesses knowledge in archaeology, focusing on distinctions within anthropology, historical and prehistoric archaeology, and methodologies like ethnographic analogy. It aims to evaluate understanding of archaeological goals and site analysis techniques, crucial for students in archaeology and anthropology.

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2.

Modern archaeologist's most fundamental desires are to?
- Find objects for archaeological museums
- Fund research by selling ancient treasures
- Understand the human past
- Continue the tradition of romance and adventure in exotic places
Correct Answer

A. Understand the human past

Explanation

The correct answer is "understand the human past." This is because modern archaeologists are primarily interested in studying and interpreting artifacts and remains from ancient civilizations in order to gain insights into how humans lived in the past. Their goal is to reconstruct and understand the history, culture, and behavior of past societies, rather than simply collecting objects for museums or seeking personal adventure.

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3.

The purpose of a grid system is __________.
- To record the exact location of an artifact accurately, both horizontally and vertically
- To tell relic collectors where to find artifacts to sell to private collections
- To provide electricity to primitive villages
- To cook bacon
Correct Answer

A. To record the exact location of an artifact accurately, both horizontally and vertically

Explanation

A grid system is used to accurately record the location of an artifact both horizontally and vertically. This allows archaeologists and researchers to precisely document and study the position and context of the artifact within a site. By using a grid system, the artifact's location can be easily referenced and compared to other artifacts or features within the site, aiding in the understanding of the site's layout and history.

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4.

The opinion that one's own way of life is natural of correct and the only true way of being fully human is _____________.
- Reflexivity
- Hermeneutics
- Ethnocentrism
- Egocentrism
Correct Answer

A. Ethnocentrism

Explanation

Ethnocentrism refers to the belief that one's own culture or ethnicity is superior or the standard by which all others should be judged. This belief often leads to a biased and narrow perspective, disregarding the value and validity of other cultures. It assumes that one's own way of life is the only correct way and dismisses the possibility of understanding and appreciating different ways of being fully human.

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5.

The systematic study of the material remains of human behavior in the past is conducted by:
- Ethnologists
- Archaeologists
- Forensic anthropologists
- Anthropological linguists
Correct Answer

A. Archaeologists

Explanation

Archaeologists are the professionals who conduct the systematic study of the material remains of human behavior in the past. They analyze artifacts, structures, and other physical evidence to understand past cultures and societies. Ethnologists study contemporary cultures, forensic anthropologists focus on analyzing human remains to help solve crimes, and anthropological linguists study the relationship between language and culture. However, only archaeologists specialize in the study of material remains from the past.

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6.

Which of the following is not true of science?
- It is emperical
- It is systematic and explicit
- It always provides the right answer to a question
- It is self-critical, always trying to prove itself wrong
Correct Answer

A. It always provides the right answer to a question

Explanation

Science is not infallible and does not always provide the right answer to a question. It is a process of inquiry that involves making observations, formulating hypotheses, conducting experiments, and analyzing data. Science is empirical, meaning it is based on evidence and observations. It is systematic and explicit, following a specific methodology. Additionally, science is self-critical, always seeking to challenge and improve existing theories and hypotheses. However, it does not guarantee that the answers obtained are always correct.

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7.

The context of an artifact is important for an archaeologist to know because:
- Context can reveal valuable information about the artifact's use, age, and relationship to other artifacts and features
- Archaeologist are jealous of collectors and museums
- Written descriptions of artifacts are always biased and incorrect
- Objects by themselves cannot be preserved as objects if they are taken out of their archaeological context
Correct Answer

A. Context can reveal valuable information about the artifact's use, age, and relationship to other artifacts and features

Explanation

The context of an artifact is important for an archaeologist to know because it can reveal valuable information about the artifact's use, age, and relationship to other artifacts and features. By understanding the context in which an artifact is found, archaeologists can gain insights into the culture, society, and history of the people who created and used the artifact. This information helps archaeologists interpret the significance and meaning of the artifact within its broader archaeological context. Additionally, studying the relationship between artifacts and their surrounding features can provide clues about the activities and behaviors of past societies.

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8.

The site of Meadowcroft Rock Shelter has provide evidence to suggest that:
- Hunters were using Clovis-style tools to hunt mammoths
- People were living in what is now the eastern US (near Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania) earlier than the well-dated Clovis people lived in North America
- Native americans are closely related to australian aborigines
- Cave painting was not restricted to sites in western Europe
Correct Answer

A. People were living in what is now the eastern US (near Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania) earlier than the well-dated Clovis people lived in North America

Explanation

The site of Meadowcroft Rock Shelter provides evidence that people were living in what is now the eastern US (near Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania) earlier than the well-dated Clovis people lived in North America.

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9.

Because it is something someone made, archaeologists like to say that a(n) _________ is a product of human behavior.
- Article
- Artifact
- Act
- Item
- Fossil
Correct Answer

A. Artifact

Explanation

Archaeologists consider an artifact as a product of human behavior because it is something that someone made. Artifacts are objects or items that have been created or modified by humans, reflecting their cultural, social, and technological development. These objects provide valuable insights into past civilizations and help archaeologists understand human behavior, activities, and history.

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10.

The first steps taken in most archaeological excavation is to:
- Establish a datum & grid pattern system
- Using heavy machinery to strip off modern vegetation and expose the archaeological deposit
- Reassembling the archaeological site from the field notes and photographs
- Dating artifacts and features
Correct Answer

A. Establish a datum & grid pattern system

Explanation

The first steps taken in most archaeological excavation is to establish a datum and grid pattern system. This is important because it provides a reference point for all measurements and spatial relationships within the excavation site. The datum is a fixed point from which all measurements are taken, ensuring accuracy and consistency in recording the location of artifacts and features. The grid pattern system divides the site into smaller units, allowing for systematic excavation and documentation of each area. This helps archaeologists to organize and analyze the data collected during the excavation process.

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11.

The portable material products of former societies are known as:
- Artifacts
- Fossils
- Ecofacts
- Antiquaries
Correct Answer

A. Artifacts

Explanation

The portable material products of former societies are referred to as artifacts. Artifacts are objects or items that were created, used, or modified by humans in the past. These can include tools, pottery, weapons, clothing, and other items that provide insights into the culture, technology, and lifestyle of ancient civilizations. Fossils, on the other hand, are the preserved remains or traces of ancient organisms. Ecofacts are natural materials that provide information about the environment or natural resources used by past societies. Antiquaries are individuals who study or collect antiques or ancient artifacts.

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12.

A system for recording the excavation of artifacts in which the excavation area is divided into squares and the contents of each square are carefully recorded is called _______________.
- Flotation
- Stratification
- A datum point
- A grid system
Correct Answer

A. A grid system

Explanation

A grid system is a method used in recording the excavation of artifacts where the excavation area is divided into squares and the contents of each square are carefully recorded. This system helps to organize and document the findings in a systematic manner, allowing for accurate analysis and interpretation of the artifacts and their spatial relationships within the excavation area.

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13.

Why do archaeologists use a datum point rather than simply measuring from the ground surface
- A datum point provides a universal reference point that can be used across any archaeological site, allowing archaeologists to easily compare data between excavations
- While vertical provenience could easily be measured from the ground surface, obtaining accurate horizontal provenience would be much more difficult without a datum point
- The ground surface does not have the same elevation consistency across a site while a datum point provides a fixed reference
- Use of a datum point is an archaeological tradition established in the early 20th century; while it serves no useful purpose, it is an example of how outdated excavation methodology is still embedded in archaeology today
Correct Answer

A. A datum point provides a universal reference point that can be used across any archaeological site, allowing archaeologists to easily compare data between excavations

Explanation

A datum point serves as a fixed reference that can be used consistently across different archaeological sites. This allows archaeologists to compare data between excavations more easily. While vertical provenience can be measured from the ground surface, obtaining accurate horizontal provenience would be more challenging without a datum point. The ground surface does not have consistent elevation across a site, making it unreliable as a reference point. Therefore, a datum point provides a stable and universal reference for archaeologists to ensure accuracy and consistency in their measurements and data analysis.

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14.

An artifact is defined as?
- A fossil
- An object made or modified by humans
- Anything found at an archaeological site
- Any object that provides ecofacts
Correct Answer

A. An object made or modified by humans

Explanation

An artifact is defined as an object made or modified by humans. This means that it is something that has been created or altered by human hands. It could be anything from a tool to a piece of artwork. This definition distinguishes artifacts from natural objects or items that have not been influenced by human activity.

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15.

Most of the artifacts that make up the archaeological record are
- Bones of animals that people have eaten
- Garbage
- The hardened remains of a skeletal structure
- Hearths
Correct Answer

A. Garbage

Explanation

The correct answer is "garbage" because the archaeological record consists of various artifacts left behind by past human civilizations. These artifacts can include discarded items such as broken pottery, tools, and other waste materials. Garbage provides valuable insights into the daily lives, habits, and consumption patterns of ancient societies, allowing archaeologists to reconstruct and understand their cultural practices and behaviors.

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16.

To refer to something as a theory mean that it:
- Is just a guess
- Has yet to be proved
- Has been well supported by scientific testing
- Is probably not scientific
Correct Answer

A. Has been well supported by scientific testing

Explanation

The correct answer is "has been well supported by scientific testing." This means that when something is referred to as a theory, it has gone through extensive scientific testing and has been supported by evidence and data. It is not just a guess or an unproven idea, but rather a well-established and substantiated explanation for a phenomenon.

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17.

Which of the following is not a hollywood stereotype of archaeologists?
- Archaeologists almost always work in dangerous, tropical places
- Archaeologists wear hats, leather jackets, and khakis
- Archaeologists are trained professionals who try to reconstruct human behavior in the past
- Archaeologists are only interested in artifacts as objects for museums
Correct Answer

A. Archaeologists are trained professionals who try to reconstruct human behavior in the past

Explanation

The given answer is incorrect because it states that archaeologists are trained professionals who try to reconstruct human behavior in the past. This is actually a correct description of what archaeologists do. Archaeologists study artifacts and other physical remains to understand past human societies and their behavior. They use scientific methods and theories to interpret the material culture and reconstruct aspects of ancient societies. This answer contradicts the established understanding of archaeology and therefore cannot be considered a Hollywood stereotype.

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18.

A test excavation would be most appropriate in which of the following situations?
- When determining whether or not field school students understand archaeological field methods
- When trying to determine a site's potential for answering a research question
- When a research question must be answered with a limited amount of time and money
- When a researcher already know what to expect during excavations
Correct Answer

A. When trying to determine a site's potential for answering a research question

Explanation

A test excavation would be most appropriate when trying to determine a site's potential for answering a research question because it allows researchers to gather preliminary data and evaluate the site's suitability for further excavation. By conducting a small-scale excavation, researchers can assess the presence of archaeological features, artifacts, or other evidence that may be relevant to their research question. This helps them make informed decisions about whether to proceed with a full-scale excavation at the site or explore other options.

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19.

In terms of anthropological value, the single most important aspect of an archaeological dig is:
- Making sure to recover all the artifacts
- Complete and accurate record-keeping
- Establishing an accurate grid system
- Cleaning and preserving the artifacts
Correct Answer

A. Complete and accurate record-keeping

Explanation

Complete and accurate record-keeping is the most important aspect of an archaeological dig in terms of anthropological value because it allows researchers to understand the context and significance of the artifacts. Without proper documentation, the artifacts lose their meaning and cannot contribute to our understanding of past cultures. Record-keeping helps in creating a comprehensive picture of the archaeological site, including the relationships between different artifacts, their location, and the overall history of the site. It also enables future researchers to access and analyze the data, ensuring that the knowledge gained from the dig can be built upon and shared with the wider scientific community.

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20.

Which is NOT a reason that archaeology, of all the sub fields of anthropology, is the most distinct?
- It is the oldest formal specialty
- It is essentially the popular activity of art collecting
- It involves a specialized set of skills and techniques
- It involves special problems of collection and analysis
Correct Answer

A. It is essentially the popular activity of art collecting

Explanation

Archaeology is not the most distinct subfield of anthropology because it is essentially the popular activity of art collecting. While archaeology does involve the collection and analysis of artifacts, it is not solely focused on collecting art. Archaeology is a scientific discipline that studies human history and culture through the excavation and analysis of material remains. It involves a specialized set of skills and techniques that are used to interpret and understand past societies. Therefore, the statement that it is essentially the popular activity of art collecting is incorrect.

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21.

Which best describes the overall goal of archaeology?
- To reconstruct ancient events like the battle at Maiden Castle
- To collect and display ancient artifacts and art objects
- The reconstruction of past cultural systems
- To study prehistoric rocks and fossils
Correct Answer

A. The reconstruction of past cultural systems

Explanation

The overall goal of archaeology is to reconstruct past cultural systems. This involves studying and analyzing artifacts, structures, and other remains left behind by ancient civilizations in order to understand their social, economic, and political systems. Archaeologists aim to piece together the puzzle of the past and gain insights into how different cultures lived and interacted, providing valuable knowledge about human history and cultural development.

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22.

Which of the following is used to establish horizontal control at a site?
- A grid system
- Natural stratigraphy for the soil
- Techniques of statistical sampling
- Digging down in layers of only a few centimeters at a time
Correct Answer

A. A grid system

Explanation

A grid system is used to establish horizontal control at a site. This involves dividing the site into a grid with evenly spaced horizontal lines and vertical columns. The grid system helps to accurately measure and locate specific points or features on the site. It provides a reference framework for conducting surveys, mapping, and other site-related activities. By using a grid system, precise measurements and positioning can be achieved, ensuring consistency and accuracy in data collection and analysis.

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23.

Midden are an archaeological term for:
- Professional gatherings to exchange research results
- Special instruments used to excavate small bones
- Ancient trash piles
- Fossilized artifacts
Correct Answer

A. Ancient trash piles

Explanation

Midden is an archaeological term used to describe ancient trash piles. These piles consist of discarded materials such as food waste, broken pottery, and other debris, providing valuable insights into the daily lives and habits of past civilizations. By studying middens, archaeologists can learn about the diet, technology, and cultural practices of ancient societies. These trash piles often contain fossilized artifacts, which further enhance our understanding of past civilizations.

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24.

Which refers to a kind of artifact, but is differentiated because they cannot be easily removed from an archaeological site
- Features
- Hearths
- Garbage
- Ecofact
Correct Answer

A. Features

Explanation

Features refer to a kind of artifact that cannot be easily removed from an archaeological site. Unlike other artifacts such as hearths, garbage, or ecofacts, features are immovable and are considered a part of the site itself. They are typically structures or elements of the landscape that have been modified by human activity, such as walls, ditches, or postholes. Features provide important information about past human behavior and can help archaeologists understand the function and organization of a site.

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25.

Pits are by far the most common
- Features
- Hearths
- Sites
- Ecofact
Correct Answer

A. Features

Explanation

The given answer "features" is correct because it is mentioned that pits are the most common features. This implies that pits are the main or prominent characteristics or attributes of a particular place or site.

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26.

The "reading" of the archaeological record is called
- Reconstruction
- Taphonomy
- Analysis
- Conservation
Correct Answer

A. Analysis

Explanation

The "reading" of the archaeological record refers to the process of interpreting and understanding the information and evidence found in archaeological sites. This involves analyzing artifacts, features, and other remains to uncover information about past human activities and societies. Therefore, the correct answer is analysis, as it best describes the act of examining and interpreting the archaeological record.

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27.

In anthropology, the term "culture' refers to
- The care of plant and animal resources
- The artistic heritage of any society, including painting and sculpture,music and the performing arts
- The long-standing traditions of a particular society
- All the learned behaviors, attitudes, beliefs, values, and ideals that are characteristics of a particular society of population
Correct Answer

A. All the learned behaviors, attitudes, beliefs, values, and ideals that are characteristics of a particular society of population

Explanation

Culture in anthropology refers to all the learned behaviors, attitudes, beliefs, values, and ideals that are characteristics of a particular society or population. It encompasses the way people think, behave, and interact within their social group. This includes traditions, customs, language, arts, and other aspects that are passed down from generation to generation. Culture shapes individuals' identities and influences their perceptions and actions, providing a framework for understanding the world and guiding social behavior.

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28.

Archaeologists get clues about how an artifact was used by ________.
- Coating it with latex
- Dissolving it with chemicals
- Removing it from its context to look at it without interference from misleading clues
- Analyzing its shape and signs of wear and tear
Correct Answer

A. Analyzing its shape and signs of wear and tear

Explanation

Archaeologists can analyze the shape and signs of wear and tear on an artifact to gain insights into how it was used. By closely examining the shape of the artifact, they can determine its function or purpose. Signs of wear and tear, such as scratches or breakages, can provide clues about the activities it was involved in or the conditions it was exposed to. This method allows archaeologists to understand the practical use of the artifact without the need for additional techniques like coating it with latex or dissolving it with chemicals.

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29.

When archaeologists dig excavation units, they are concerned with:
- Horizontal provenience
- Vertical provenience
- Keeping the walls of the unit straight and perpendicular
- All of the above
Correct Answer

A. All of the above

Explanation

Archaeologists are concerned with all of the above options when they dig excavation units. Horizontal provenience refers to the location of artifacts or features on a horizontal plane, which helps in understanding their spatial relationships. Vertical provenience refers to the depth or stratigraphy of artifacts or features, providing information about their chronological order. Keeping the walls of the unit straight and perpendicular is important for maintaining the integrity and accuracy of the excavation. Therefore, all of these factors are crucial for archaeologists during excavation.

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30.

A unique research strategy of anthropologists which involves learning the language and culture of a group by participating in the group's daily activities is called
- Assimilation
- Holistic interaction
- Ethnography
- Participant observation
Correct Answer

A. Participant observation

Explanation

Participant observation is a unique research strategy used by anthropologists to learn about a group's language and culture. It involves actively participating in the daily activities of the group being studied, allowing the researcher to gain firsthand experience and insight into their practices, beliefs, and social dynamics. This method allows for a more holistic understanding of the group, as it combines observation with direct involvement, enabling the researcher to immerse themselves in the group's culture and language. Ethnography, on the other hand, refers to the written or systematic study of a particular culture or social group, which often involves participant observation as a key method. Assimilation and holistic interaction are not specific research strategies used by anthropologists.

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31.

Prehistoric archaeology is concerned with archaeological investigations of societies that existed prior to the beginning of written history . As a result:
- Prehistoric archaeology depends exclusively on the interpretation of excavated objects and their uses to develop theories about how ancient people lived
- Artifacts uncovered during an excavation and the corresponding data collected are nonrenewable cultural resources
- Excavation must be undertaken with great care, making sure as much data as possible is recorded about the site and recorded accurately. If data is recorded incorrectly or incompletely it is of little historical value
- All of the above
Correct Answer

A. All of the above

Explanation

Prehistoric archaeology focuses on societies that existed before written history, which means that it heavily relies on interpreting excavated objects and their uses to understand how ancient people lived. Additionally, the artifacts uncovered during excavations and the data collected are nonrenewable cultural resources, making it crucial to handle the excavation process with care. It is important to record as much data as possible about the site accurately because incorrect or incomplete data holds little historical value. Therefore, all of the given statements are true and contribute to the comprehensive nature of prehistoric archaeology.

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32.

Test pits are used to:
- Locate graves
- Determine if a potential site is a site and to decide exactly where to dig
- Recover the artifacts from a site
- Spread out the excavators so they do the least damage
Correct Answer

A. Determine if a potential site is a site and to decide exactly where to dig

Explanation

Test pits are used to determine if a potential site is a site and to decide exactly where to dig. This is because test pits allow archaeologists to gather information about the soil composition, stratigraphy, and presence of any cultural materials or artifacts at a particular location. By excavating small test pits, archaeologists can evaluate the potential of a site and make informed decisions about where to focus their excavation efforts. This helps to ensure that the excavation is targeted and minimizes unnecessary damage to the surrounding area.

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33.

An extended period during which the anthropologist gathers data is called _________.
- Fieldwork
- Interviewing
- Scientific observation
- Participant observation
Correct Answer

A. Fieldwork

Explanation

Fieldwork refers to the extended period during which an anthropologist collects data. It involves conducting research and gathering information firsthand by immersing oneself in the culture or environment being studied. This can include various methods such as observing, interviewing, and participating in activities. Fieldwork allows anthropologists to gain a deeper understanding of the subject matter and collect valuable data for their research.

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34.

In science, a proposed explanation for some natural phenomenon is called a(n):
- Hypothesis
- Observation
- Experiment
- Theory
Correct Answer

A. Hypothesis

Explanation

A hypothesis is a proposed explanation for a natural phenomenon in science. It is based on prior observations and knowledge, and it is testable through experiments or further observations. A hypothesis is a starting point for scientific investigations and is used to make predictions that can be tested and either supported or refuted. It is an essential step in the scientific method and is necessary for the advancement of scientific knowledge.

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35.

Non-removable artifacts, such as, hearts, pits, & walls are referred to by archaeologists as?
- Fossils
- Middens
- Strata
- Features
Correct Answer

A. Features

Explanation

Archaeologists refer to non-removable artifacts such as hearts, pits, and walls as "features." This term is used to describe physical elements or structures that are part of an archaeological site and cannot be easily removed. These features provide valuable information about past human activities and can help archaeologists understand the cultural and historical context of a site.

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36.

The durable aspects of culture such as tools, structures, and art are known as __________.
- Fossils
- Artifacts
- Material culture
- Prehistory
Correct Answer

A. Material culture

Explanation

The correct answer is material culture. Material culture refers to the tangible and physical objects that are created, used, and preserved by a society. This includes tools, structures, and art, which are durable aspects of culture that can provide insights into the beliefs, practices, and values of a particular group of people. Fossils, on the other hand, are the remains or traces of ancient organisms. Artifacts are objects made or modified by humans that have historical or cultural significance. Prehistory refers to the period of time before the invention of writing.

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37.

A place that indicates the presence of human occupants in the past (for example, evidence of a temporary hunting camp or more permanent village) is called an archaeological ______________________.
- Grid system
- Datum point
- Stratigraphic analysis
- Site
Correct Answer

A. Site

Explanation

An archaeological site refers to a location that provides evidence of past human occupation, such as a hunting camp or a permanent village. It is a place where artifacts, structures, and other remains can be found and studied by archaeologists to understand the history and activities of past human societies.

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38.

What is created when the remnants of human activity are covered or buried by some natural process?
- Features
- Sites
- Fossils
- Culture history
Correct Answer

A. Sites

Explanation

When the remnants of human activity are covered or buried by some natural process, they form archaeological sites. These sites can include artifacts, structures, and other evidence of past human civilizations. Archaeologists study these sites to understand the culture, history, and lifestyle of ancient societies. By excavating and analyzing the artifacts and remains found at these sites, researchers can gain insights into the past and reconstruct the story of human civilization.

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39.

What allows archaeologists to recover a full range of artifacts and other materials while only excavating a small portion of a site?
- Excavation
- Sampling
- Remote sensing
- Conservation
Correct Answer

A. Sampling

Explanation

Sampling allows archaeologists to recover a full range of artifacts and other materials while only excavating a small portion of a site. By selecting representative samples from different areas of the site, archaeologists can make inferences about the entire site without having to excavate the entire area. This method saves time and resources while still providing valuable information about the site's history and the artifacts it contains.

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40.

The anthropological attitude that a society's customs and ideas should be described objectively and understood in the context of that society's problems and opportunities is called
- Ethnocentrism
- Cultural relativism
- Humanistic
- Empathetic
Correct Answer

A. Cultural relativism

Explanation

Cultural relativism is the correct answer because it refers to the anthropological attitude of describing a society's customs and ideas objectively, without imposing one's own cultural values or judgments. It emphasizes understanding these customs and ideas within the specific context of that society's problems and opportunities, rather than comparing them to one's own cultural standards. This approach allows for a more comprehensive and unbiased understanding of different cultures and promotes respect for cultural diversity.

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41.

Science is:
- A way of collecting facts
- The methodology used in laboratory research
- A method of inquiry
- Only concerned with concrete things like gravity and chemicals
Correct Answer

A. A method of inquiry

Explanation

Science is a method of inquiry because it involves systematic observation, experimentation, and analysis to gain knowledge and understanding about the natural world. It goes beyond just collecting facts and includes the development of hypotheses, testing them through experiments, and drawing conclusions based on evidence. Science also involves critical thinking, questioning, and the use of logical reasoning to explore and investigate various phenomena. It is not limited to concrete things like gravity and chemicals, but encompasses a wide range of disciplines and subjects, seeking to uncover the underlying principles and laws that govern the universe.

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42.

Which of the following statements is incorrect?
- The archaeologist is usually thought of as someone who finds and catalogs material objects such as coins, arrowheads, and potsherds
- The end result of archaeological research is to interpret artifacts as material expressions of the ideas of a past culture and to try to reconstruct that culture to add to our understanding of human behavior.
- The end result of archaeological research is to contribute to the reconstruction of past human civilizations
- Non of the above is incorrect (all are correct)
Correct Answer

A. Non of the above is incorrect (all are correct)

Explanation

The given correct answer states that none of the statements are incorrect, meaning that all of the statements are correct. This implies that both statements about the archaeologist's role and the end result of archaeological research are accurate. The archaeologist is indeed responsible for finding and cataloging material objects, and the ultimate goal of archaeological research is to interpret artifacts and contribute to the reconstruction of past human civilizations.

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43.

It is essential that archaeologists take abundant, accurate, and detailed field notes during excavations because:
- Archaeology destroys data as it is gathered; once a site is excavated it cannot be re-excavated
- Federal legislation mandates abundant, accurate, and detailed field notes
- Archaeology students generally learn field techniques from these notes
- None of the above; it is not essential because archaeologists can always go back and reconstruct the excavation later
Correct Answer

A. Archaeology destroys data as it is gathered; once a site is excavated it cannot be re-excavated

Explanation

Archaeology destroys data as it is gathered; once a site is excavated it cannot be re-excavated. This means that once an archaeologist removes artifacts or disturbs the layers of soil, the original context and arrangement of the objects are lost forever. Therefore, taking abundant, accurate, and detailed field notes is crucial as it allows archaeologists to document and record the information about the site, including the location, stratigraphy, and relationships between artifacts. These notes become the primary source of information for future analysis, interpretation, and reconstruction of the excavation.

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44.

______ dating techniques place artifacts and sites in general chronological order, though the exact date can be often unknown
- Chronometric
- Potassium-argon
- Relative
- Archaeological
Correct Answer

A. Archaeological

Explanation

Archaeological dating techniques place artifacts and sites in general chronological order, though the exact date can often be unknown. This means that these techniques provide a relative timeline of events and objects rather than an exact calendar date. Archaeologists use various methods such as stratigraphy, typology, and seriation to determine the relative age of artifacts and sites. By analyzing the layers of soil and the types of artifacts found within them, archaeologists can establish a sequence of events and understand the relative chronology of a site.

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45.

Historical archaeologists in America focus on?
- Immigrants who arrived in the last 500 years
- Historical records of indigenous societies
- Migration of the first humans on the continent
- Physical characteristics of American Indian tribes
Correct Answer

A. Immigrants who arrived in the last 500 years

Explanation

Historical archaeologists in America focus on studying the immigrants who arrived in the last 500 years. This means they are interested in understanding the material culture and artifacts left behind by these immigrant populations, as well as the impact they had on American society. By studying their belongings, settlements, and other archaeological evidence, historical archaeologists can gain insights into the experiences and contributions of these immigrant groups to American history.

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46.

What do archaeological and anthropologists usually restrict their search to?
- Features
- Hearths
- Sites
- Artifacts
Correct Answer

A. Sites

Explanation

Archaeologists and anthropologists usually restrict their search to sites. Sites refer to specific locations where evidence of past human activity can be found, such as ancient settlements, burial grounds, or ceremonial areas. By focusing on sites, researchers can gather artifacts, study hearths (fireplaces or cooking areas), and examine other features that provide valuable insights into the lives and cultures of past societies.

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47.

A society's techniques for acquiring food resources its:
- Shopping habbits
- Economy
- Subsistence pattern
- Market system
Correct Answer

A. Subsistence pattern

Explanation

The correct answer is "subsistence pattern". This refers to the methods and strategies a society uses to obtain food resources for survival. It encompasses the way people hunt, gather, fish, farm, or engage in other activities to meet their dietary needs. The subsistence pattern of a society can vary depending on factors such as geography, climate, technology, and cultural practices. This term is more comprehensive and specific to food acquisition than the other options provided.

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48.

Although most anthropologists agree on where Native Americans originated, they disagree about:
- Whether the first populations were hunter-gatherers of farmers
- When the population migrations actually took place
- The particular subspecies (archaic or modern Homo sapiens)
- The types of boats or canoes that would have been utilized
Correct Answer

A. When the population migrations actually took place

Explanation

The given answer is that anthropologists disagree about when the population migrations actually took place. This means that while they may agree on where Native Americans originated, there is disagreement regarding the timing of their migration. This could refer to the specific time period or era in which the migration occurred, as well as the duration or length of time it took for the population to migrate. The question implies that there is consensus on other aspects such as the origin location, the type of populations (hunter-gatherers or farmers), the subspecies of Homo sapiens, and the types of boats or canoes used.

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49.

What refers to the relationship between and among artifacts and other materials?
- Context
- Formal analysis
- Culture history
- Typology
Correct Answer

A. Context

Explanation

Context refers to the relationship between and among artifacts and other materials. It involves understanding the objects in relation to their surroundings, such as the site they were found in, the cultural and historical context, and the relationships between different artifacts. By analyzing the context, archaeologists can gain insights into the function, meaning, and significance of the artifacts, as well as the broader cultural and historical context in which they were created and used.

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Soca 105 Final #1

Historical arcchaeology refers to the study of?

Quiz Preview

Modern archaeologist's most fundamental desires are to?

The purpose of a grid system is __________.

The opinion that one's own way of life is natural of correct and the only true way of being fully human is _____________.

The systematic study of the material remains of human behavior in the past is conducted by:

Which of the following is not true of science?

The context of an artifact is important for an archaeologist to know because:

The site of Meadowcroft Rock Shelter has provide evidence to suggest that:

Because it is something someone made, archaeologists like to say that a(n) _________ is a product of human behavior.

The first steps taken in most archaeological excavation is to:

The portable material products of former societies are known as:

A system for recording the excavation of artifacts in which the excavation area is divided into squares and the contents of each square are carefully recorded is called _______________.

Why do archaeologists use a datum point rather than simply measuring from the ground surface

An artifact is defined as?

Most of the artifacts that make up the archaeological record are

To refer to something as a theory mean that it:

Which of the following is not a hollywood stereotype of archaeologists?

A test excavation would be most appropriate in which of the following situations?

In terms of anthropological value, the single most important aspect of an archaeological dig is:

Which is NOT a reason that archaeology, of all the sub fields of anthropology, is the most distinct?

Which best describes the overall goal of archaeology?

Which of the following is used to establish horizontal control at a site?

Midden are an archaeological term for:

Which refers to a kind of artifact, but is differentiated because they cannot be easily removed from an archaeological site

Pits are by far the most common

The "reading" of the archaeological record is called

In anthropology, the term "culture' refers to

Archaeologists get clues about how an artifact was used by ________.

When archaeologists dig excavation units, they are concerned with:

A unique research strategy of anthropologists which involves learning the language and culture of a group by participating in the group's daily activities is called

Prehistoric archaeology is concerned with archaeological investigations of societies that existed prior to the beginning of written history . As a result:

Test pits are used to:

An extended period during which the anthropologist gathers data is called _________.

In science, a proposed explanation for some natural phenomenon is called a(n):

Non-removable artifacts, such as, hearts, pits, & walls are referred to by archaeologists as?

The durable aspects of culture such as tools, structures, and art are known as __________.

A place that indicates the presence of human occupants in the past (for example, evidence of a temporary hunting camp or more permanent village) is called an archaeological ______________________.

What is created when the remnants of human activity are covered or buried by some natural process?

What allows archaeologists to recover a full range of artifacts and other materials while only excavating a small portion of a site?

The anthropological attitude that a society's customs and ideas should be described objectively and understood in the context of that society's problems and opportunities is called

Science is:

Which of the following statements is incorrect?

It is essential that archaeologists take abundant, accurate, and detailed field notes during excavations because:

______ dating techniques place artifacts and sites in general chronological order, though the exact date can be often unknown

Historical archaeologists in America focus on?

What do archaeological and anthropologists usually restrict their search to?

A society's techniques for acquiring food resources its:

Although most anthropologists agree on where Native Americans originated, they disagree about:

What refers to the relationship between and among artifacts and other materials?