Nitrogen Metabolism

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2. During growth periods during childhood and adolescence, pregnancy 11

Positive nitrogen balance

Negative nitrogen balance

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5. Seen in starvation, chronic illness (infections), cancer, uncontrolled diabetes mellitus 12

Positive nitrogen balance

Negative nitrogen balance

6. Degrades plasma proteins and proteins taken up by endocytosis 8

Ubiquitin-proteasome pathway

Lysosomal pathway

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8. Positive nitrogen balance: Intake of dietary nitrogen is ___ the output of nitrogen 11

Less than

Greater than

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11. Non-energy dependent degradative pathway 8

Ubiquitin-proteasome pathway

Lysosomal pathway

12. Increase in urinary excretion of urea 12

Positive nitrogen balance

Negative nitrogen balance

13. ATP dependent 8

Ubiquitin-proteasome pathway

Lysosomal pathway

14. Increased tissue protein synthesis

Positive nitrogen balance

Negative nitrogen balance

15. Which of the following statements is true? 13

All amino acids are glucogenic

All amino acids are essential amino acids

Amino acid catabolism is increased during starvation

The major excretory end product of amino acid catabolism is ammonia

Tissue protein synthesis is decreased during periods of growth

16. In a patient with renal disease, which of the following parameters would be the best indicators of renal function? 19

Serum ammonia

Serum albumin

Blood glucose

Serum free fatty acids

Blood urea nitrogen

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25. A 12 year old child is suspected of having pellagra because of chronic symptoms including diarrhea, a red scaly rash, and mild cerebellar ataxia. However, his diet is not deficient in protein and he appears to be ingesting adequate amounts of niacin. A sister has a similar problem. Chemical analysis of his urine demonstrates large amounts of free amino acids. Which amino acid do you expect to find in the urine? 23

Cystine

Phenylalanine

Tyrosine

Tryptophan

Branched chain amino acids

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Nitrogen Metabolism

1. The most important source of amino acids for the amino acid pool is dietary ____ digestion (60-100 g/day)
slide 4

2.

What first name or nickname would you like us to use?

2. During growth periods during childhood and adolescence, pregnancy 11

3. In a healthy, well-fed adult, input of amino acids = _____ of amino acids. The amino acid pool is in a steady state / equilibrium. 6

4. ____ is the site where most of the amino acids release their amino groups as ammonia 16

5. Seen in starvation, chronic illness (infections), cancer, uncontrolled diabetes mellitus 12

6. Degrades plasma proteins and proteins taken up by endocytosis 8

7. ____ is the major end product of nitrogen metabolism 16

8. Positive nitrogen balance: Intake of dietary nitrogen is ___ the output of nitrogen 11

9. Urea formed in the liver is transported to the kidneys, where it is excreted in the urine. The kidneys also excrete ammonia as ammonium ions. The other non-protein nitrogenous substances that are excreted by the kidney are creatinine and _____ acid. 17

10. Amino acids are used in amino acid catabolism and in the _______ of nitrogen containing compounds.
slide 4

11. Non-energy dependent degradative pathway 8

12. Increase in urinary excretion of urea 12

13. ATP dependent 8

14. Increased tissue protein synthesis

15. Which of the following statements is true? 13

16. In a patient with renal disease, which of the following parameters would be the best indicators of renal function? 19

17. Niacin deficiency's 3 d's: dermatitis, diarrhea, and ______. 23

18. In infection, the liver synthesizes a group of proteins known as the ____-phase proteins. C-reactive protein, serum amyloid A protein, haptoglobin, ceruloplasmin levels are increased in circulation in any type of inflammation. 15

19. The rate of tissue protein synthesis is equal to the rate of protein ________. slide 5

20. Damaged or unneeded proteins are degraded by two mechanisms: the lysosomal pathway that degrades extracellular proteins and the ubiquitin-______ pathway that degrades proteins synthesized by the cell 7

21. Tubular reabsorption of cystine is decreased due to an inherited deficiency of the cystine transporter. Cystine is excreted in urine and tends to precipitate in the renal tubules in the renal tract - one of the causes of renal ____ in children 21.

22. _____ supplements can be used as treatment for pellagra 22

23. Compounds that contain nitrogen: proteins, derivatives of amino acids: creatine, ________, purines and pyrimidines, heme
slide 2

24. Hartnup's disease - inherited defect in the transport of the ___ amino acids like tryptophan 22

26. The carbon skeletons of the amino acids are used for __________. 16

Nitrogen Metabolism

1. The most important source of amino acids for the amino acid pool is dietary ____ digestion (60-100 g/day)slide 4

2.

What first name or nickname would you like us to use?

2. During growth periods during childhood and adolescence, pregnancy 11

3. In a healthy, well-fed adult, input of amino acids = _____ of amino acids. The amino acid pool is in a steady state / equilibrium. 6

4. ____ is the site where most of the amino acids release their amino groups as ammonia 16

5. Seen in starvation, chronic illness (infections), cancer, uncontrolled diabetes mellitus 12

6. Degrades plasma proteins and proteins taken up by endocytosis 8

7. ____ is the major end product of nitrogen metabolism 16

8. Positive nitrogen balance: Intake of dietary nitrogen is ___ the output of nitrogen 11

9. Urea formed in the liver is transported to the kidneys, where it is excreted in the urine. The kidneys also excrete ammonia as ammonium ions. The other non-protein nitrogenous substances that are excreted by the kidney are creatinine and _____ acid. 17

10. Amino acids are used in amino acid catabolism and in the _______ of nitrogen containing compounds.slide 4

11. Non-energy dependent degradative pathway 8

12. Increase in urinary excretion of urea 12

13. ATP dependent 8

14. Increased tissue protein synthesis

15. Which of the following statements is true? 13

16. In a patient with renal disease, which of the following parameters would be the best indicators of renal function? 19

17. Niacin deficiency's 3 d's: dermatitis, diarrhea, and ______. 23

18. In infection, the liver synthesizes a group of proteins known as the ____-phase proteins. C-reactive protein, serum amyloid A protein, haptoglobin, ceruloplasmin levels are increased in circulation in any type of inflammation. 15

19. The rate of tissue protein synthesis is equal to the rate of protein ________. slide 5

20. Damaged or unneeded proteins are degraded by two mechanisms: the lysosomal pathway that degrades extracellular proteins and the ubiquitin-______ pathway that degrades proteins synthesized by the cell 7

21. Tubular reabsorption of cystine is decreased due to an inherited deficiency of the cystine transporter. Cystine is excreted in urine and tends to precipitate in the renal tubules in the renal tract - one of the causes of renal ____ in children 21.

22. _____ supplements can be used as treatment for pellagra 22

23. Compounds that contain nitrogen: proteins, derivatives of amino acids: creatine, ________, purines and pyrimidines, hemeslide 2

24. Hartnup's disease - inherited defect in the transport of the ___ amino acids like tryptophan 22

26. The carbon skeletons of the amino acids are used for __________. 16

1. The most important source of amino acids for the amino acid pool is dietary ____ digestion (60-100 g/day)
slide 4

10. Amino acids are used in amino acid catabolism and in the _______ of nitrogen containing compounds.
slide 4

23. Compounds that contain nitrogen: proteins, derivatives of amino acids: creatine, ________, purines and pyrimidines, heme
slide 2