What Do You Know About Ketones?

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| By Zlatan Aleksic

Zlatan Aleksic

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Quizzes Created: 193 | Total Attempts: 1,082,376

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1/10 Questions

Where are Ketone Bodies formed?
- Kidneys
- Spleen
- Liver
- Pancreas

About This Quiz

Ketones are body products that everyone has in their bodies in different concentrations. You have opportunity to challenge yourself with this interesting questions and maybe to learn something new! Good luck!

2.

What do Ketones and Aldehydes contain?
- Carbonyl group
- Fluorinated compounds
- Methylene group
- Amides
Correct Answer

A. Carbonyl group

Explanation

Ketones and aldehydes contain a carbonyl group. A carbonyl group is a functional group composed of a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom. In ketones, the carbonyl group is located in the middle of the carbon chain, while in aldehydes, it is located at the end of the chain. The presence of the carbonyl group gives ketones and aldehydes their characteristic chemical and physical properties.

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3.

What does old German word "Aketon" (from which word Ketone is derived) means?
- Fat
- Acetone
- Alcohol
- Bond
Correct Answer

A. Acetone

Explanation

The old German word "Aketon" means Acetone. Acetone is a colorless liquid that is commonly used as a solvent. It is also produced in the body through the breakdown of fats. The word "Ketone" is derived from the old German word "Aketon" because Acetone is a type of ketone.

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4.

What needs to happen before Ketone Body synthesis?
- Gluconeogenesis
- TAG synthesis
- Beta-oxidation
- Glycolysis
Correct Answer

A. Beta-oxidation

Explanation

Before Ketone Body synthesis can occur, Beta-oxidation needs to happen. Beta-oxidation is the process by which fatty acids are broken down in the mitochondria to produce acetyl-CoA, which is a precursor for Ketone Body synthesis. This process involves the sequential removal of two-carbon units from the fatty acid chain, producing acetyl-CoA molecules. These acetyl-CoA molecules can then be used for the synthesis of Ketone Bodies in the liver during periods of prolonged fasting or low carbohydrate intake.

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5.

Where is the enzyme HMG-CoA only found?
- Muscle cells
- Adipocytes
- Nervous tissue
- Hepatocytes
Correct Answer

A. Hepatocytes

Explanation

HMG-CoA is an enzyme involved in the synthesis of cholesterol. It is primarily found in hepatocytes, which are liver cells. The liver is responsible for producing and regulating cholesterol levels in the body. Therefore, it makes sense that HMG-CoA would be predominantly found in hepatocytes, where it can carry out its function in cholesterol synthesis.

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6.

What is generated in beta-oxidation that inhibits the TCA cycle?
- FADH2
- NADH
- FAD+
- NAD+
Correct Answer

A. NADH

Explanation

NADH is generated in beta-oxidation, and it inhibits the TCA cycle. NADH is a high-energy molecule that carries electrons and is produced during the breakdown of fatty acids. In the TCA cycle, NADH is an important electron carrier that donates its electrons to the electron transport chain for ATP production. However, when there is an excess of NADH, it can feedback inhibit the TCA cycle, slowing down the production of ATP. This inhibition helps regulate the energy balance in the cell and prevents excessive ATP production.

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7.

What is formed in the mitochondria of the liver when acetoacetate uses NADH (produced from beta-oxidation) and is catalyzed by a certain enzyme?
- HMG-butyrate
- Acetone
- Hydroxybutyrate
- 3-Hydroxybutyrate
Correct Answer

A. 3-Hydroxybutyrate

Explanation

When acetoacetate uses NADH (produced from beta-oxidation) and is catalyzed by a certain enzyme in the mitochondria of the liver, 3-Hydroxybutyrate is formed.

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8.

Once acetoacetate is formed from HMG-CoA lyase where is it released?
- Into the liver
- Into the blood
- Into the mucle
- Stays put, does not move
Correct Answer

A. Into the blood

Explanation

After being formed from HMG-CoA lyase, acetoacetate is released into the blood. This is because acetoacetate is a ketone body that is produced in the liver during periods of fasting or prolonged exercise. It is then released into the bloodstream to be used as an energy source by other tissues in the body, such as the brain and muscles. Therefore, the correct answer is "Into the blood."

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9.

What is the smallest number of carbon atoms that can be present in a Ketone?
- 3
- 2
- 1
- 4
Correct Answer

A. 3

Explanation

A ketone is a type of organic compound that contains a carbonyl group, which consists of a carbon atom double bonded to an oxygen atom. In a ketone, the carbonyl group is always located in the middle of the molecule, with two other carbon atoms attached to it. Therefore, the smallest number of carbon atoms that can be present in a ketone is 3.

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10.

What must the extrahepatic tissues contain in order for the Ketone Bodies to be used as fuel?
- Ketone lyase and mitochondria
- Thiophorase and cytosol
- Thiophorase and mitochondria
- HMG-CoA synthase and mitochondria
Correct Answer

A. Thiophorase and mitochondria

Explanation

In order for Ketone Bodies to be used as fuel, the extrahepatic tissues must contain thiophorase and mitochondria. Thiophorase is an enzyme that is responsible for converting ketone bodies into acetyl-CoA, which can then enter the citric acid cycle in the mitochondria to produce energy. Mitochondria are the organelles responsible for generating energy in the form of ATP. Therefore, the presence of both thiophorase and mitochondria is necessary for the utilization of ketone bodies as fuel in extrahepatic tissues.

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