Nutrition And Energy Production Quiz

The statement is true because the SDA (Specific Dynamic Action) for protein is 30%, which is higher than the SDA for fat (13%) and carbohydrate (5%). SDA refers to the amount of energy that the body needs to digest, absorb, and process different types of food. Since proteins require more energy to be broken down and utilized by the body compared to fats and carbohydrates, they have the highest SDA. On the other hand, carbohydrates have the lowest SDA because they are easily digested and absorbed by the body.

The thyroid gland is responsible for producing and releasing thyroid hormones, which play a crucial role in regulating the body's metabolism. Basal metabolic rate (BMR) refers to the amount of energy expended by the body at rest to maintain basic physiological functions. Since thyroid hormones directly influence BMR, the thyroid gland is considered the endocrine organ most predominantly associated with BMR. Therefore, the statement "The endocrine organ most predominantly associated with BMR is the thyroid gland" is true.

The statement is true because resting metabolic rate (RMR) is indeed being used interchangeably with basal metabolic rate (BMR) in recent times. Both RMR and BMR refer to the amount of energy the body needs to perform basic functions while at rest. The terms are often used interchangeably, although technically there are slight differences between the two. However, in practical usage, RMR is now commonly used to represent BMR.

The explanation for the given correct answer is that a calorie is a very small unit of energy measurement. To make it more convenient for practical use, it is expressed as kilocalories, which is equal to 1,000 calories. This is why kilocalories are commonly used and represented by kcal or simply Cal (with a capital 'C').

The statement mentions that a continuous supply of energy is necessary to meet the requirements of basal metabolic rate, specific dynamic action, and physical activity. Basal metabolic rate refers to the energy needed to maintain basic bodily functions at rest. Specific dynamic action is the energy required for digestion, absorption, and metabolism of food. Physical activity requires energy expenditure. Therefore, all three factors require a continuous supply of energy to meet their respective requirements.

Linoleic acid is considered the most important essential fatty acid in the diet because it is not produced by the body and must be obtained through food sources. It is an omega-6 fatty acid that plays a crucial role in maintaining healthy cell function, supporting brain development, promoting proper growth and development, and regulating inflammation in the body. Linoleic acid is found in various plant-based oils, such as soybean oil, corn oil, and sunflower oil, making it easily accessible through a balanced diet.

The respiratory quotient (R. Q.) is the ratio of the volume of CO2 produced to the volume of O2 utilized in the oxidation of foodstuffs. This ratio provides information about the type of fuel being oxidized by the body. A respiratory quotient of 1 indicates that carbohydrates are being primarily oxidized, while a ratio below 1 suggests that fats are being utilized. On the other hand, a ratio above 1 indicates that proteins are being metabolized. Therefore, the respiratory quotient is a useful measure to understand the metabolic processes occurring in the body during respiration.

The statement is true because the daily normal requirement of protein in an adult is indeed 1g per kilogram of body weight per day. This means that an adult should consume 1 gram of protein for every kilogram they weigh on a daily basis in order to meet their protein needs.

Lysine is the essential amino acid that is limiting in rice. This means that rice does not naturally contain sufficient amounts of lysine, making it necessary to supplement it with lysine-rich foods to ensure a balanced diet. Lysine is important for the synthesis of proteins and the growth and repair of tissues in the body.

Protein has the highest specific dynamic action (SDA) among the given foodstuff options. SDA refers to the amount of energy required by the body to digest, absorb, and process the nutrients from a particular food. Since protein is a complex macronutrient, it requires more energy to be broken down and utilized by the body compared to carbohydrates, fats, and vitamins. This increased energy expenditure during digestion can contribute to a higher metabolic rate, making protein a beneficial component of a weight management or muscle-building diet.

Plasma albumin is often used as an index for monitoring the recovery from kwashiorkor because it is a protein found in the blood that reflects the nutritional status of an individual. Kwashiorkor is a severe form of malnutrition characterized by protein deficiency, and plasma albumin levels decrease in individuals with this condition. Therefore, monitoring plasma albumin levels can help assess the effectiveness of treatment and the overall recovery from kwashiorkor. Plasma creatinine and plasma glucose are not specific indicators of kwashiorkor, and "None of these" is not a valid option as plasma albumin is indeed used for monitoring recovery from kwashiorkor.

Egg protein is considered the reference protein for calculating the chemical score because it has a high biological value, meaning it contains all the essential amino acids in the right proportions that the human body needs. It is often used as a standard to compare the quality of other proteins. Additionally, egg protein has a high digestibility and is easily absorbed by the body, making it an ideal choice for determining the chemical score.

Fiber refers to the non-digestible carbohydrates found in plants. It cannot be broken down by the human digestive system, therefore it passes through the body without being absorbed. Fiber plays a crucial role in maintaining a healthy digestive system, preventing constipation, and regulating blood sugar levels. It can be found in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and legumes.

The nutritional assessment method used to determine the most limiting essential amino acid in relation to a standard protein is the chemical score. The chemical score compares the amino acid composition of a food protein to the ideal amino acid pattern established by a reference protein. By calculating the chemical score, it is possible to identify which essential amino acid is present in the lowest quantity relative to the reference protein. This information is crucial for formulating balanced diets and addressing potential deficiencies in essential amino acids.

One calorie of energy is equivalent to 4.128 Joules (KJ).

Rhodopsin is a conjugated protein present in rods. Rhodopsin is a light-sensitive protein found in the retina of the eye, specifically in the rod cells. It plays a crucial role in the process of vision by capturing light and initiating the visual signal transduction pathway. Rhodopsin consists of a protein component called opsin and a light-absorbing molecule called retinal. Together, they form a complex that undergoes a conformational change upon absorbing light, triggering a series of biochemical reactions that ultimately result in the perception of light.