1.
This is the job of the nervous system:
Correct Answer
A. To send messages to and from the brain and spinal cord to and from the body.
Explanation
The job of the nervous system is to send messages to and from the brain and spinal cord to and from the body. This is because the nervous system is responsible for transmitting electrical signals, known as nerve impulses, that allow communication between different parts of the body. These messages are essential for coordinating bodily functions, responding to stimuli, and maintaining homeostasis.
2.
This is made up of the brain and spinal cord.
Correct Answer
B. Central nervous system
Explanation
The central nervous system is made up of the brain and spinal cord. It is responsible for processing and coordinating information received from the senses and sending out instructions to the rest of the body. The brain controls cognitive functions, emotions, and voluntary movements, while the spinal cord relays messages between the brain and the body. Together, they form the central command center of the nervous system.
3.
It is made up of sensory neurons, clusters of neurons called ganglia and the nerves connecting sense organs and muscles to the central nervous system.
Correct Answer
B. Peripheral nervous system
Explanation
The correct answer is the peripheral nervous system. This system is made up of sensory neurons, ganglia, and nerves that connect the sensory organs and muscles to the central nervous system. It is responsible for transmitting information between the body and the central nervous system, allowing for the coordination of movement and the perception of sensory stimuli.
4.
Nerve cell:
Correct Answer
C. Neuron
Explanation
A nerve cell, also known as a neuron, is a specialized cell that transmits electrical impulses in the nervous system. Neurons are the building blocks of the nervous system and play a crucial role in transmitting information between different parts of the body. They receive signals from other neurons through synapses and transmit these signals to other neurons, muscles, or glands. The cerebrum and cerebellum are parts of the brain that contain numerous neurons, but they are not synonymous with neurons themselves. Therefore, the correct answer is neuron.
5.
The major organ of the nervous system encased in the skull:
Correct Answer
C. Brain
Explanation
The brain is the major organ of the nervous system that is encased in the skull. It is responsible for controlling and coordinating the functions of the body, processing sensory information, and regulating thoughts, emotions, and behavior. The brain consists of different regions that perform specific functions, such as the cerebral cortex for higher cognitive processes, the cerebellum for motor coordination, and the brainstem for basic functions like breathing and heart rate.
6.
The part of the brain in charge of thinking and memory:
Correct Answer
A. Cerebrum
Explanation
The cerebrum is the part of the brain responsible for thinking and memory. It is the largest and most highly developed part of the brain, consisting of two hemispheres. The cerebrum is responsible for higher cognitive functions such as reasoning, problem-solving, and language processing. It also plays a crucial role in memory formation and retrieval. The other options, cerebellum, medulla oblongata, and hypothalamus, have different functions and are not primarily involved in thinking and memory processes.
7.
This part of the brain controls coordination and balance:
Correct Answer
B. Cerebellum
Explanation
The cerebellum is the part of the brain that controls coordination and balance. It receives information from the sensory systems, the spinal cord, and other parts of the brain, and then uses this information to regulate and coordinate voluntary movements. Damage to the cerebellum can result in problems with coordination, balance, and motor control.
8.
The part of the brain in charge of involuntary actions such as breathing and heartbeat:
Correct Answer
C. Medulla oblongata
Explanation
The medulla oblongata is responsible for controlling involuntary actions such as breathing and heartbeat. It is located at the base of the brainstem and connects the spinal cord to the brain. The medulla oblongata contains various vital centers that regulate essential functions, including the respiratory center, which controls breathing, and the cardiac center, which regulates heart rate and blood pressure. Damage to the medulla oblongata can have severe consequences on these involuntary actions, leading to breathing difficulties and cardiovascular problems.
9.
The primary set of a large collection of nerves running down the spinal column of vertebrae:
Correct Answer
C. Spinal cord
Explanation
The spinal cord is the correct answer because it is the primary set of nerves that runs down the spinal column of vertebrae. The spinal cord is responsible for transmitting signals between the brain and the rest of the body, allowing for sensory and motor functions. It is protected by the vertebrae and plays a crucial role in coordinating and controlling bodily movements and reflexes.
10.
Specialized connection with other cells:
Correct Answer
A. Synapse
Explanation
A synapse is the correct answer because it refers to a specialized connection between nerve cells. It is the junction where information is transmitted from one neuron to another, allowing for communication and signal transmission within the nervous system. The other options, lobe, cerebrum, and ganglion, do not specifically relate to the specialized connection between cells.
11.
The cell body of a neuron:
Correct Answer
C. Soma
Explanation
The correct answer is soma. The soma, also known as the cell body, is the main part of a neuron that contains the nucleus and other organelles. It is responsible for integrating incoming signals from the dendrites and generating outgoing signals through the axon. The soma plays a crucial role in maintaining the overall functioning of the neuron and is essential for its survival and proper functioning.
12.
A filament that arises from the neuron cell body and extends for micrometers. A cluster of them forms a tree:
Correct Answer
A. Dendrite
Explanation
Dendrites are the correct answer because they are filaments that extend from the neuron cell body and form a tree-like cluster. Dendrites receive signals from other neurons and transmit them towards the cell body, allowing for communication between neurons. Axons, on the other hand, transmit signals away from the cell body, while the soma is the main part of the cell body and the nucleus contains the genetic material of the neuron.
13.
A special nerve filament that arises from the cell body and travels up to a meter:
Correct Answer
B. Axon
Explanation
An axon is a special nerve filament that arises from the cell body and can travel up to a meter in length. It is responsible for transmitting electrical impulses away from the cell body to other neurons, muscles, or glands. Unlike dendrites, which receive signals from other neurons, the axon carries the signal to its destination. The soma, or cell body, contains the nucleus and other organelles necessary for the neuron's functioning. Therefore, the correct answer is axon.
14.
Helping cells of the brain:
Correct Answer
C. Glial
Explanation
Glial cells is the correct answer. Glial cells, often referred to as the "supporting cells" of the nervous system, perform four primary functions. These include enveloping neurons to provide structural support, delivering nutrients and oxygen to neurons, insulating one neuron from another, and engaging in the elimination and clearance of deceased neuron remnants.
15.
A subsystem of the peripheral nervous system:
Correct Answer
A. Enteric nervous system
Explanation
The enteric nervous system is a subsystem of the peripheral nervous system that controls the gastrointestinal tract. It regulates digestion, absorption, and elimination, and functions independently of the central nervous system. It consists of a complex network of neurons that are responsible for coordinating the movement of food and regulating the secretion of digestive enzymes. This system plays a crucial role in maintaining the balance of the digestive system and is involved in various gastrointestinal disorders.