Neurologic And Neuromuscular Agents
Includes:
Opiod Analgesics
NSAIDS
Anestetic drugs
Psychotropics
CNS Stimulants
Skeletal Muscle Relaxants
Anticonvulsants
Antiparkinson/Myasthenia Gravis
Questions and Answers
- 1.
What blocks sympathetic nerves
- A.
Adrenergics
- B.
Adrenergic Blockers
- C.
Cholinergics
- D.
Cholinergic Blockers
Correct Answer
B. Adrenergic BlockersExplanation
Adrenergic blockers are substances that block the action of sympathetic nerves. Sympathetic nerves are responsible for the "fight or flight" response in the body, which includes increased heart rate, elevated blood pressure, and increased alertness. Adrenergic blockers work by inhibiting the action of norepinephrine, a neurotransmitter released by sympathetic nerves. This helps to reduce the effects of sympathetic stimulation, leading to a decrease in heart rate, blood pressure, and anxiety. Therefore, adrenergic blockers are the substances that block sympathetic nerves.Rate this question:
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- 2.
What stimulates parasympathetic nerves
- A.
Adrenergics
- B.
Adrenergic Blockers
- C.
Cholinergics
- D.
Cholinergic Blockers
Correct Answer
C. CholinergicsExplanation
Cholinergics stimulate parasympathetic nerves. The parasympathetic nervous system is responsible for rest and digest functions, and cholinergics enhance these activities by activating receptors that release acetylcholine. This neurotransmitter then binds to specific receptors on target organs, leading to increased activity in the parasympathetic nervous system. Adrenergics, on the other hand, stimulate the sympathetic nervous system, which is responsible for the fight or flight response. Adrenergic blockers inhibit the effects of sympathetic stimulation, while cholinergic blockers inhibit the effects of parasympathetic stimulation.Rate this question:
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- 3.
What blocks parasympathetic nerves
- A.
Adrenergics
- B.
Adrenergic Blockers
- C.
Cholinergics
- D.
Cholinergic Blockers
Correct Answer
D. Cholinergic BlockersExplanation
Cholinergic blockers, also known as anticholinergics, inhibit the action of acetylcholine, which is the neurotransmitter responsible for transmitting parasympathetic nerve impulses. By blocking the cholinergic receptors, these drugs prevent the parasympathetic nervous system from being activated, effectively blocking the parasympathetic nerves. This leads to a decrease in parasympathetic activity, resulting in various effects such as relaxation of smooth muscles, decreased secretions, and increased heart rate.Rate this question:
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- 4.
What stimulates sympathetic nerves
- A.
Adrenergics
- B.
Adrenergic Blockers
- C.
Cholinergics
- D.
Cholinergic Blockers
Correct Answer
A. AdrenergicsExplanation
Adrenergics stimulate sympathetic nerves. Sympathetic nerves are part of the autonomic nervous system and are responsible for the "fight or flight" response in the body. Adrenergics, also known as sympathomimetics, mimic the effects of the sympathetic nervous system by activating adrenergic receptors. This leads to increased heart rate, blood pressure, and pupil dilation, among other physiological responses. Adrenergic drugs, such as epinephrine and norepinephrine, are commonly used to treat conditions like asthma, shock, and cardiac arrest, where sympathetic activation is necessary. Therefore, adrenergics are the correct answer as they directly stimulate sympathetic nerves.Rate this question:
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- 5.
CNS Stimulants include...amphetaminesanaleptics anorexiantstriptanWhich is a description of analeptics?
- A.
Used as abortive medication in the treatment of migraines and cluster headaches
- B.
Used to suppress appetite
- C.
A medication used as a central nervous system stimulant.
- D.
Is a drug that is known to produce increased wakefulness and focus in association with decreased fatigue and appetite
Correct Answer
C. A medication used as a central nervous system stimulant.Explanation
Analeptics are medications used as central nervous system stimulants. They are known to produce increased wakefulness and focus, while also decreasing fatigue and appetite.Rate this question:
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- 6.
Which CNS stimulant is used for ADHD (decreases hyperactivity and impulsiveness of ADHD) and are also used for Narcolepsy (increase wakefullness). Stimulates norepinephrine and dopamine Stimulates sympathetic nervous system
- A.
Amphetamines - psychomotor stimulant
- B.
Analeptics
- C.
Anorexiants
- D.
Triptan
Correct Answer
A. Amphetamines - psychomotor stimulantExplanation
Amphetamines are a type of CNS stimulant that is commonly used to treat ADHD. They work by stimulating the release of norepinephrine and dopamine, which helps to improve attention, decrease hyperactivity, and reduce impulsiveness in individuals with ADHD. Additionally, amphetamines can also be used to treat narcolepsy, a sleep disorder characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness, as they increase wakefulness. As a psychomotor stimulant, amphetamines have a stimulatory effect on the central nervous system, making them an effective treatment for these conditions.Rate this question:
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- 7.
(CNS Psychomotor Stimulant) Amphetamines include the following drugs...Psychomotor Stimulant Treat narcolepsy/ADHD Thought to increase cognition and enhance memory do not use to delay sleep or combat fatigue
- A.
Methylphenidate (Ritalin) and Amphetamine sulfate (Adderall) Methylphenidate - Avoid caffine, check weight 2x/wk, take 30 to 45 minutes before meal, and only take @ breakfast and lunch
- B.
Methamphetamine (Desoxyn)
- C.
Pemoline (Cylert)
- D.
Dexmethylphendate (Focalin)
- E.
Dextroamphetamine (Dexedrine)
Correct Answer(s)
A. Methylphenidate (Ritalin) and Amphetamine sulfate (Adderall) Methylphenidate - Avoid caffine, check weight 2x/wk, take 30 to 45 minutes before meal, and only take @ breakfast and lunch
B. Methamphetamine (Desoxyn)
C. Pemoline (Cylert)
D. Dexmethylphendate (Focalin)
E. Dextroamphetamine (Dexedrine)Explanation
The correct answer is Methylphenidate (Ritalin) and Amphetamine sulfate (Adderall) because these drugs are CNS psychomotor stimulants that are used to treat narcolepsy and ADHD. They are thought to increase cognition and enhance memory. However, they should not be used to delay sleep or combat fatigue. Methylphenidate should be taken 30 to 45 minutes before a meal and only at breakfast and lunch. It is also important to avoid caffeine and check weight twice a week. The other drugs listed, Methamphetamine (Desoxyn), Pemoline (Cylert), Dexmethylphenidate (Focalin), and Dextroamphetamine (Dexedrine), are also amphetamines but they are not the correct answer to the question.Rate this question:
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- 8.
Amphetamines is a powerful CNS stimulant. Peripheral alpha and beta actions common with indirect acting sympathomimetic drugs.Do Not use with MAOI'sDosages are tailored to patients needs and symptomsChanges insulin requirements
- A.
CNS excitation: tachycardia, irritability, sleep disturbances, tremors, restlessness, amphetamine psychosis, seizures, arrhythmias, anorexia, drug tolerance and dependency.
- B.
GI: anorexia, dry mouth, n/v/d/cramps
- C.
Cardiac stimulation: HTN, Angina, arrthymias
- D.
Rapidly absorbed after oral administration, onset 1-2 hrs and duration
- E.
Alkaline urine promotes re absorption and prolongs drug action
Correct Answer(s)
A. CNS excitation: tachycardia, irritability, sleep disturbances, tremors, restlessness, amphetamine psychosis, seizures, arrhythmias, anorexia, drug tolerance and dependency.
B. GI: anorexia, dry mouth, n/v/d/cramps
C. Cardiac stimulation: HTN, Angina, arrthymias
D. Rapidly absorbed after oral administration, onset 1-2 hrs and duration
E. Alkaline urine promotes re absorption and prolongs drug actionExplanation
Amphetamines are a powerful CNS stimulant that can cause various effects on the body. CNS excitation can lead to symptoms such as tachycardia (rapid heart rate), irritability, sleep disturbances, tremors, restlessness, amphetamine psychosis, seizures, arrhythmias (irregular heart rhythms), anorexia (loss of appetite), and drug tolerance and dependency. Additionally, gastrointestinal symptoms such as anorexia, dry mouth, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and cramps may occur. Cardiac stimulation can result in hypertension (high blood pressure), angina (chest pain), and arrhythmias. Amphetamines are rapidly absorbed after oral administration, with an onset of action occurring within 1-2 hours and a duration of effect that varies. Alkaline urine can promote the reabsorption of amphetamines and prolong their action.Rate this question:
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- 9.
CNS Stimulants: Analeptics is a medication used as a central nervous system stimulant. Think Caffine!!Caffeine (NoDoz, Vivarin)100-200 mg every 4 hours prndoxapram (dopram) (resp stimulant)purpose: stimulate respiration in newbornsSide effects: restlessness, tremors, twitching, palpitations and insomnia n/v/d
- A.
Do not use... ADHD, narcolepsy, obesity or other medical disorders
- B.
Used by many to stay awake
- C.
Stimulates the cerebral cortex to increase alertness and decrease fatigue
- D.
Used for resp depression and apnea
- E.
Contraindicated in depression, duodenal ulcers and diabetes
Correct Answer(s)
A. Do not use... ADHD, narcolepsy, obesity or other medical disorders
B. Used by many to stay awake
C. Stimulates the cerebral cortex to increase alertness and decrease fatigue
D. Used for resp depression and apnea
E. Contraindicated in depression, duodenal ulcers and diabetesExplanation
This medication, CNS Stimulants: Analeptics, is used as a central nervous system stimulant. It is similar to caffeine and is commonly used to stay awake. It works by stimulating the cerebral cortex, increasing alertness and reducing fatigue. It is also used to treat respiratory depression and apnea. However, it should not be used for ADHD, narcolepsy, obesity, or other medical disorders. Additionally, it is contraindicated in individuals with depression, duodenal ulcers, and diabetes. Some possible side effects include restlessness, tremors, twitching, palpitations, and insomnia, as well as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.Rate this question:
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- 10.
CNS Stimulants: Anorexiants are used to suppress appetite.Includes:Benzphetamine (Didrex)Tenuate/TepanilMazindol (Sanorex, Mazanor)OTC anorexiants: Dexatrim Natural - Dexedrin Phenylpropanolamine has been removed by the FDA May cause an increase of hemorrhagic stroke riskDo not give to children under 12 years of agerapidly absorbed po, peak in 1-2 hours and up to 6, duration 3-15hours
- A.
Used for short term management of obesity
- B.
Adjuncts to other therapies
- C.
No longer than 6-12 weeks
- D.
Thought to stimulate the stiety center in the hypothalamus, also thought that they act in the CNS to cause release of catecholamines from nerve terminals
- E.
AE: palpations, tachycardia, restlessness, dizziness, insomnia, weakness, fatigue, and drowsiness
Correct Answer(s)
A. Used for short term management of obesity
B. Adjuncts to other therapies
C. No longer than 6-12 weeks
D. Thought to stimulate the stiety center in the hypothalamus, also thought that they act in the CNS to cause release of catecholamines from nerve terminals
E. AE: palpations, tachycardia, restlessness, dizziness, insomnia, weakness, fatigue, and drowsinessExplanation
CNS stimulants, specifically anorexiants, are used for short-term management of obesity and as adjuncts to other therapies. They should not be used for longer than 6-12 weeks. These drugs are believed to stimulate the satiety center in the hypothalamus and cause the release of catecholamines from nerve terminals in the central nervous system. Common adverse effects include palpitations, tachycardia, restlessness, dizziness, insomnia, weakness, fatigue, and drowsiness.Rate this question:
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- 11.
CNS Stimulants: Triptans are used as abortive medication in the treatment of migraines and cluster headaches (inflammation and dilation of vessels). Triptans as a treatment:
- A.
Sumatriptan succinate
- B.
Imitrex
- C.
Naratriptan Amerge
Correct Answer(s)
A. Sumatriptan succinate
B. Imitrex
C. Naratriptan AmergeExplanation
Triptans, including Sumatriptan succinate, Imitrex, and Naratriptan Amerge, are CNS stimulants used as abortive medication for migraines and cluster headaches. These medications work by constricting the blood vessels and reducing inflammation in the brain, relieving the symptoms of these types of headaches. They are effective in treating acute attacks and can help alleviate pain, nausea, and sensitivity to light and sound associated with migraines and cluster headaches.Rate this question:
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- 12.
What drugs should be used to prevent migraine headaches.Treatment also includes:AnalgesicsOpioid analgesicsErgot alkaloidsSelective serotonin receptor agonists (triptans)
- A.
Beta blockers such as propanolol
- B.
Anti-cholinergics
- C.
Tricyclic antidepressants
Correct Answer(s)
A. Beta blockers such as propanolol
B. Anti-cholinergics
C. Tricyclic antidepressantsExplanation
The correct answer is beta blockers such as propranolol, anticholinergics, and tricyclic antidepressants. These drugs are commonly used in the prevention of migraine headaches. Beta blockers, like propranolol, help to reduce the frequency and severity of migraines by blocking the effects of adrenaline on blood vessels. Anticholinergics, such as scopolamine, can also be effective in preventing migraines by blocking certain nerve signals. Tricyclic antidepressants, like amitriptyline, are often prescribed for their pain-relieving properties and can help to prevent migraines as well.Rate this question:
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- 13.
CNS Depressants include:SedativesHypnoticsBarbituratesBenzodiazepinesAnti-convulsantsNarcoticsAnti-psychoticsAnti-depressants
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
The given statement is true. CNS depressants refer to a class of drugs that slow down the central nervous system's activity. Sedatives, hypnotics, barbiturates, benzodiazepines, anti-convulsants, narcotics, anti-psychotics, and anti-depressants are all examples of CNS depressants. These drugs are commonly used to treat anxiety, insomnia, seizures, and certain mental health conditions. They work by depressing the activity of the brain and spinal cord, resulting in relaxation, sedation, and a decrease in nerve impulse transmission.Rate this question:
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- 14.
CNS Depressants / Sedatives
- A.
Nytol
- B.
Sominex
- C.
Sleep Eze
- D.
Tylenol PM
- E.
Advil PM
Correct Answer(s)
A. Nytol
B. Sominex
C. Sleep Eze
D. Tylenol PM
E. Advil PMExplanation
The given list of CNS depressants or sedatives includes Nytol, Sominex, Sleep Eze, Tylenol PM, and Advil PM. These medications are commonly used for their sedative properties to induce sleep or relaxation. Nytol, Sominex, and Sleep Eze are over-the-counter sleep aids that contain the active ingredient diphenhydramine, which is an antihistamine with sedating effects. Tylenol PM and Advil PM are over-the-counter pain relievers that also contain diphenhydramine to help with sleep. Therefore, all the options listed are CNS depressants or sedatives used for promoting sleep.Rate this question:
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- 15.
CNS Depressants/ SedativesAntihitaminesDiphenhydramine (Benadryl)H1 blocker or antagonist
- A.
First generation antihistamines- cause drowsiness, dry mouth, and other anticholinergic symptoms
- B.
Second generation antihistamines- have fewer anticholinergic effects and a lower incidence of drowsiness
Correct Answer(s)
A. First generation antihistamines- cause drowsiness, dry mouth, and other anticholinergic symptoms
B. Second generation antihistamines- have fewer anticholinergic effects and a lower incidence of drowsinessExplanation
The correct answer explains the difference between first generation and second generation antihistamines. First generation antihistamines, such as Diphenhydramine (Benadryl), cause drowsiness, dry mouth, and other anticholinergic symptoms. On the other hand, second generation antihistamines have fewer anticholinergic effects and a lower incidence of drowsiness. This means that second generation antihistamines are generally preferred over first generation antihistamines when drowsiness and anticholinergic side effects are a concern.Rate this question:
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- 16.
CNS Depressants Hypnotics
- A.
Promote relaxation and produces sleep
- B.
Reduces anxiety
Correct Answer(s)
A. Promote relaxation and produces sleep
B. Reduces anxietyExplanation
CNS depressants, also known as hypnotics, have the ability to promote relaxation and induce sleep. They work by slowing down the activity of the central nervous system, resulting in a calming effect on the body. Additionally, these drugs can also reduce anxiety levels, helping individuals feel more at ease and less stressed.Rate this question:
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- 17.
CNS Depressants Hypnotics include
- A.
Non benzodiazepines (ambien)
- B.
Benzodiazepines (most commonly prescribed)
- C.
Barbiturates
Correct Answer(s)
A. Non benzodiazepines (ambien)
B. Benzodiazepines (most commonly prescribed)
C. BarbituratesExplanation
CNS depressants are a class of drugs that slow down brain activity, resulting in sedation and relaxation. Hypnotics are a specific type of CNS depressants that are used to induce sleep. The correct answer lists the different types of CNS depressant hypnotics, which include non benzodiazepines such as Ambien, benzodiazepines (which are the most commonly prescribed), and barbiturates. These drugs work by enhancing the effects of a neurotransmitter called gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), which inhibits brain activity and produces sedative effects.Rate this question:
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- 18.
CNS Depressants BarbituratesPhenibarbital prototype drugShort term use only...lose effectiveness after 14 daysAdjuncts to anesthesia and treatment of seizure disordersseveral are indicated for treatment of insomnia but not widely usedincrease GABA to receptor sitesNon selective broader effects then those of Benziodiazepines
- A.
Long Acting: Phenobarbitual Mephobarbital
- B.
Intermediate Acting Drugs Amobarbitual Aprobarbitual
- C.
Short Acting Drugs Pentobarbital Secobarbitual
- D.
SE: hangover, n/v, insomnia, constipation, restlessness, ha/fainting and night terrors
Correct Answer(s)
A. Long Acting: Phenobarbitual Mephobarbital
B. Intermediate Acting Drugs Amobarbitual Aprobarbitual
C. Short Acting Drugs Pentobarbital Secobarbitual
D. SE: hangover, n/v, insomnia, constipation, restlessness, ha/fainting and night terrorsExplanation
The correct answer provides a list of CNS depressants known as barbiturates, categorized into long-acting, intermediate-acting, and short-acting drugs. The long-acting drugs mentioned are Phenobarbital and Mephobarbital, the intermediate-acting drugs are Amobarbital and Aprobarbital, and the short-acting drugs are Pentobarbital and Secobarbital. The answer also mentions the side effects of barbiturates, which include hangover, nausea/vomiting, insomnia, constipation, restlessness, headache/fainting, and night terrors. This information provides a comprehensive overview of barbiturates, their classifications, and potential side effects.Rate this question:
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- 19.
CNS Depressants Hypnotics include benzodiazepines (most commonly prescribed)
- A.
Most of these end is "pam"
- B.
Alprazolam -Xanax
- C.
Diazapam (Valium)
- D.
Lorazepam (Ativan)
Correct Answer(s)
A. Most of these end is "pam"
B. Alprazolam -Xanax
C. Diazapam (Valium)
D. Lorazepam (Ativan)Explanation
The correct answer includes a list of CNS depressants hypnotics that are commonly prescribed. These medications belong to the benzodiazepine class and are often identified by their names ending in "pam". The examples provided, Alprazolam (Xanax), Diazepam (Valium), and Lorazepam (Ativan), all fit this description and are widely used for their sedative and hypnotic effects.Rate this question:
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- 20.
CNS Depressants Hypnotics include Non- Benzodiazepines
- A.
Buspirone (Buspar)
- B.
Chloral Hydrate
- C.
Zolpdem (Ambien)
Correct Answer(s)
A. Buspirone (Buspar)
B. Chloral Hydrate
C. Zolpdem (Ambien)Explanation
The correct answer includes Buspirone (Buspar), Chloral Hydrate, and Zolpdem (Ambien). These three medications are CNS depressants and are classified as hypnotics. CNS depressants work by slowing down brain activity, resulting in sedation and relaxation. Hypnotics are specifically used to induce sleep and treat insomnia. Buspirone (Buspar) is a non-benzodiazepine anxiolytic medication that also has sedative effects. Chloral Hydrate is a sedative-hypnotic medication that is primarily used to treat insomnia. Zolpdem (Ambien) is a popular sleep aid that is also classified as a non-benzodiazepine hypnotic.Rate this question:
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- 21.
Anesthetics are localized into four groups
- A.
General
- B.
Topical (laceration, periatric IV, numbness) Lidocaine and Xylocaine
- C.
Local (Novocain, Lidocain, Xylocaine, Buplvacaine)
- D.
Spinal - most common epidural
Correct Answer(s)
A. General
B. Topical (laceration, periatric IV, numbness) Lidocaine and Xylocaine
C. Local (Novocain, Lidocain, Xylocaine, Buplvacaine)
D. Spinal - most common epiduralExplanation
The answer is a list of the four groups of anesthetics: General, Topical, Local, and Spinal. Each group is described briefly, with examples of specific anesthetics that belong to each group. The answer provides a comprehensive overview of the different types of anesthetics and their uses.Rate this question:
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- 22.
General Anesthetics are classified into four phases
- A.
1- Analgesic - loss of pain
- B.
2- Excitement - senses are more stimulated
- C.
3- Surgical
- D.
4- Medullary paralysis (not good)
Correct Answer(s)
A. 1- Analgesic - loss of pain
B. 2- Excitement - senses are more stimulated
C. 3- Surgical
D. 4- Medullary paralysis (not good)Explanation
General anesthetics are classified into four phases. The first phase is the analgesic phase, where the patient experiences a loss of pain. The second phase is the excitement phase, where the patient's senses become more stimulated. The third phase is the surgical phase, which is not further explained. The fourth phase is the medullary paralysis phase, which is considered not good as it indicates a loss of control over vital functions regulated by the medulla oblongata in the brainstem.Rate this question:
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- 23.
General Anesthetics IV SedationBarbituratesThiopental sodium - pentothalDroperlodol/Fentanyl - InnovarBenzodiazepinesDiazepam - ValiumMidazolam - Versed
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
The given answer is "true". However, without any context or question provided, it is not possible to determine the specific explanation for why this answer is correct.Rate this question:
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- 24.
Anti-seizureAnti-convulsantAnti-epileptic drugs....Epilepsy-chronic condition characterized by seizure activitySeizure - results from excessive stimulation of neurons in the brain leading to a sudden burst of abnormal neuron activity resulting in changes in brain function no two seizures are alikeConvulsions - refers to spasmodic, uncontrolled contractions of the involuntary muscles
- A.
Controls seizure activity by blocking sodium
- B.
Controls seizure by blocking calcium
- C.
Increased activity of GABA
Correct Answer(s)
A. Controls seizure activity by blocking sodium
B. Controls seizure by blocking calcium
C. Increased activity of GABAExplanation
The correct answer explains the three different mechanisms by which anti-seizure drugs work to control seizure activity. One mechanism is by blocking sodium channels, which helps to prevent the excessive stimulation of neurons in the brain that leads to seizures. Another mechanism is by blocking calcium channels, which also helps to regulate abnormal neuron activity. The third mechanism is by increasing the activity of GABA, a neurotransmitter that helps to inhibit the excitability of neurons. These three mechanisms work together to control and reduce seizure activity in individuals with epilepsy.Rate this question:
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Mar 20, 2023Quiz Edited by
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Nov 29, 2009Quiz Created by
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