MSAK Pelvis And Hip

The gluteus maximus is the most superficial posterior hip muscle. It is the largest and outermost muscle of the buttocks. It is responsible for hip extension, which is the movement of the thigh bone away from the body. This muscle is easily visible and palpable, making it the most superficial muscle in this region. The latissimus dorsi is a large muscle in the back, the trapezius is a muscle in the upper back and neck, and the iliopsoas is a muscle in the hip region that flexes the thigh.

The deep six external rotators are a group of muscles located in the hip region. These muscles include the piriformis, gemellus superior, gemellus inferior, obturator internus, obturator externus, and quadratus femoris. They are responsible for rotating the thigh externally. In the given list, all the other muscles mentioned (gluteus minimus, gluteus medius, and psoas major) are not part of the deep six external rotators. Therefore, the correct answer is deep six external rotators.

The psoas minor muscle does not insert on the greater trochanter. The gluteus medius, deep six external rotators, and gluteus minimus all have attachments to the greater trochanter. The psoas minor muscle is a small muscle located in the lower back and it inserts on the pectineal line of the pubis.

The gluteus maximus is the correct answer because it is the largest and most powerful muscle in the gluteal region. It is responsible for hip extension, which is the movement of the hip joint that brings the thigh backward. The gluteus maximus contracts to pull the thigh backward, allowing us to stand up from a sitting position, climb stairs, and perform movements like running and jumping. The other muscles listed, gluteus medius, psoas major, and gluteus minimus, are not the primary movers for hip extension.

The gluteus maximus is the correct answer because it is the largest and most superficial muscle of the buttocks. It is responsible for extending and externally rotating the hip joint, as well as assisting in the stabilization of the pelvis. The other muscles listed (gluteus medius, psoas major, and iliacus) are also involved in hip movement, but they do not have as much prominence or play as significant a role as the gluteus maximus. The ligaments and bony structures mentioned in the first part of the question are not directly related to the gluteus maximus muscle.

The correct answer is iliacus and psoas major. The iliopsoas is a group of muscles that work together to flex the hip joint. The iliacus muscle is located in the pelvis and attaches to the iliac fossa, while the psoas major muscle is located in the lumbar region of the spine and attaches to the lesser trochanter of the femur. These two muscles work together to flex the hip joint and are commonly referred to as the iliopsoas.

The psoas minor muscle is the correct answer because it is estimated that 40% of the population has this muscle. The psoas minor muscle is a small muscle located in the lower back and connects the lumbar vertebrae to the pelvis. It is not as well-known or commonly discussed as the other muscles listed, such as the psoas major, gluteus minimus, or iliacus. However, it is still present in a significant portion of the population.

The psoas major is the correct answer because it is the only muscle listed that is located in the area of the lesser trochanter. The gluteus maximus, gluteus minimus, and gluteus medius are all muscles of the gluteal region and are not directly associated with the lesser trochanter.

The gluteus maximus and TFL (tensor fasciae latae) muscles attach to the IT band. The gluteus maximus is the largest muscle in the buttocks and is responsible for hip extension and external rotation. The TFL is a small muscle located on the outside of the hip and is responsible for hip flexion, abduction, and internal rotation. Both of these muscles play a role in stabilizing the IT band, a thick band of connective tissue that runs along the outside of the thigh.

The given numbers represent the range of motion (ROM) for hip flexion. The correct answer is 120, which indicates that the normal ROM for hip flexion is 120 degrees. This means that a person should be able to flex their hip joint up to 120 degrees without any restrictions or limitations.

The normal range of motion (ROM) for hip abduction is typically between 45 and 50 degrees. This means that the hip joint can move outward from the body to a certain degree within this range. It is important for the hip joint to have a good range of motion in order to perform activities such as walking, running, and climbing stairs. If the ROM for hip abduction falls within this range, it indicates that the hip joint is functioning properly.

The iliacus muscle is located in the iliac fossa, which is the correct answer given. The other options listed are different muscles or anatomical structures that are not directly related to the iliac fossa. Therefore, the iliacus is the correct answer in this context.

The correct answer is psoas minor because it is one of the muscles mentioned in the given list. The psoas minor is a small muscle located in the lower abdomen that runs alongside the psoas major and iliacus muscles. It originates from the bodies of the T12 and L1 vertebrae and inserts into the superior ramus of the pubis. It assists in flexing the hip joint and stabilizing the lumbar spine.

The normal range of motion (ROM) for hip adduction is typically between 20 and 30 degrees. This means that a person should be able to bring their hip towards the midline of their body by approximately 20 to 30 degrees. This range of motion allows for proper movement and function of the hip joint.

The psoas major muscle is the agonist for hip flexion. It is located deep within the abdomen and runs from the lower spine to the thigh bone. When this muscle contracts, it pulls the thigh bone upward, causing flexion at the hip joint. The gluteus maximus and gluteus minimus are both hip extensors, meaning they work opposite to hip flexion. The TFL (tensor fasciae latae) is a muscle located on the side of the hip and is primarily responsible for hip abduction and flexion. Therefore, the psoas major is the correct answer as it is the primary muscle involved in hip flexion.

The iliacus and psoas major muscles are located in the front of the hip and are commonly referred to as the iliopsoas. When these muscles become tight, they can pull on the front of the pelvis, causing it to tilt forward. This anterior tilt of the pelvis can lead to an exaggerated lumbar curve, known as hyperlordosis. Therefore, the iliacus and psoas major muscles can cause the lumbar curve to become hyperlordotic when they are tight.

The given range of motion (ROM) values represent the degrees of hip internal rotation. The normal ROM for hip internal rotation is typically between 0 and 35 degrees. This means that a healthy hip joint should be able to rotate inward up to 35 degrees. The other values mentioned (90 and 120 degrees) are not within the normal range for hip internal rotation, indicating limited or excessive motion. Therefore, the correct answer is 35.

The gluteus minimus and gluteus medius muscles are agonists for hip abduction. This means that they work together to move the hip joint away from the midline of the body. The gluteus minimus is a smaller muscle located deep in the buttocks, while the gluteus medius is a larger muscle located on the outer surface of the hip. Both muscles play a role in stabilizing the pelvis and controlling movement of the hip during activities such as walking or running.

The gluteus medius muscle originates from the iliac crest between the superior and middle gluteal lines and inserts on the greater trochanter. This muscle is responsible for abduction and medial rotation of the hip joint. The other muscles listed, such as the gluteus maximus, psoas major, and gluteus minimus, have different origins and insertions and perform different actions.

The gluteus minimus is a muscle located deep in the buttocks. It originates from the posterior ilium between the middle and inferior gluteal lines and inserts on the greater trochanter of the femur. It works together with the gluteus medius and the deep six external rotators to stabilize the hip joint and assist in movements such as hip abduction and internal rotation.

The correct answer is "inferior gemellus, quadratus femoris, obturator femoris". The question is asking for the muscles that do not form the deep six. The deep six muscles are piriformis, superior gemellus, obturator externus, obturator internus, quadratus femoris, and inferior gemellus. Therefore, the muscles listed in the answer choice are the ones that do not form the deep six.

The pes anserine is the correct answer because it refers to the area on the proximal medial tibia where the gracilis, sartorius, and semitendinosus muscles attach. This area is located just below the knee joint and is named after the resemblance of the tendons to a goose's foot (pes anserinus in Latin). The pes anserine is important for stabilizing the knee joint and assisting in movements such as flexion and medial rotation of the lower leg.

The given answer of 30 suggests that the normal range of motion (ROM) for hip extension is 30 degrees. This means that a person should be able to extend their hip joint backward by 30 degrees from the neutral position. This range of motion is considered to be within the normal range for hip extension.

The normal range of motion (ROM) for hip external rotation is typically between 20-30 degrees. However, the given answer of 45 degrees suggests that the individual has a slightly higher than average ROM for hip external rotation. This could indicate increased flexibility or mobility in the hip joint, which may be beneficial for certain activities or sports that require a greater range of motion in this direction.

The gluteus maximus is the correct answer because it is a synergist of hip adduction. This means that it works together with other muscles to assist in the movement of bringing the hip towards the midline of the body. The gluteus maximus is the largest muscle in the buttocks and is responsible for hip extension, but it also plays a role in hip adduction when working in conjunction with other muscles.