Comparative psychology
Psychophysics
Rationalism
Materialism
Psychologists study mental processes and behaviour
Psychologists study the psyche
Psychologists study human behaviour
Psychologists study animal behaviour
Behaviour can be influenced by the environment but the mind cannot
Behaviour can be observed and the mind cannot
Behaviour can be influenced by physiology but the mind cannot
All of the above
Consciousness; memory
Unobservable behaviour; consciousness
Consciousness; memory
Elements of consciousness; purpose of consciousness
Functions
Variation
Structure
Limitations
Obtaining a broad understanding of how different variables are related to each other
Adding the results from one study to those from other studies
Concluding that the results obtained from a sample can also be applied to the larger population
How significant the results of the statistical analysis are
Whether or not the participants have been taught the memory aid
The number of nouns
The amount of time participants took to complete the recall test
Participants' scores on the recall test
Momentary remuneration; prior informed consent
Prior informed consent; no foreseeable harm
No foreseeable harm; there is a full debriefing
No confounding; information; information is confidential
Experiments
Correlation studies
Case studies
Naturalistic observations
Too subjective
Not objective
Unreliable
Invalid
Sexual selection
Evolution through natural selection
Genetic Drift
Large feathers can be used to the protect the nest
Its genotype
The influence of environmental influences and experiences
The reproductive success of its parents
The interaction of its genotype with the environment
Share the same phenotype
Share the same genotype
Are biologically related
Share the same environment
Leads to a longer lifespan and more variability in behaviour
Produces organisms that have the capacity for thinking and language
Leads to genetic diversity which is adaptive
Pleasurable, which is reinforcing
Personal fitness
Reciprocal altruism
Non-familial altruism
Inclusive fitness
A young child becomes fearful whenever seeing the babysitter
A child continues to pick on his sister, despite receiving repeated time-outs
Two boys imitate a professional wrestler they view on television
A student studies for her math test and received a mark of 90%. She then studies harder for the next test
The number of CS-US pairings
The intensity of the CS
The intensity of the CR
The number of times the US has elicited the CR
The animal gives a smooth, continuous performance
There is a sudden drop in the learning curve
A transfer of learning occurs
One sees an absence of errors in the animal's performance
Shaping
Habituation
Classical Conditioning
Operant Conditioning
Partial reinforcement
Habituation
Classical Conditioning
Shaping