Theory: Operant And Classical Conditioning
- 1.The dog is not learning the meaning of a word as quickly as the owner hoped because... Which of the following is NOT because of overshadowing?
- A.
The handler grabs the food at the same time as he says the clicker word.
- B.
The handler says the command and, at the same time, helps the dog (e.g. luring the dog)
- C.
The dog is too scared or distracted in that specific environment.
- 2.We ask our students to pause for 1 second after they say a command or the clicker word. This is because we want them to avoid:
- A.
Sensitisation
- B.
Overshadowing
- C.
Shaping
- 3.The clicker word/sound is a command.
- A.
Yes
- B.
No
- C.
Yes and no. It is not primarily a command but can be used as one to get the dog's attention.
- 4.A dog seems scared of motorcycle helmets during the class exercise. What do you advise?
- A.
Expose him at such a distance that he can see it and not mind, then reward each time the dog looks at the helmet.
- B.
Expose him at such a distance that he shows fear, and wait for the fear to abait. Then reward him.
- C.
Do not expose him to the helmet. Advise the owner to avoid helmets from now on.
- 5.A dog is acting scared. The owner asks if it's OK to reassure (geruststellen) him. What do you say?
- A.
No. Reassuring him when he is hiding behind you will only reinforce his fear
- B.
Reassuring him calmly, yes. Being over-sympathetic and nervous yourself, no.
- 6.The dog is learning the clicker word predicts food. What type of conditioning is this?
- A.
Operant
- B.
Classical
- C.
Both
- 7.The dog is learning the link between sitting and earning food. What type of conditioning is this?
- A.
Operant
- B.
Classical
- C.
Both
- 8.A dog jumps on people and he gets attention every time (being pushed away, people saying 'no', being petted, etc.). He learns that jumping on people gets him attention. What type of conditioning is this?
- A.
Operant
- B.
Classical
- C.
Both
- 9.The dog is learning that your grabbing the leash predicts a walk. What type of conditioning is this?
- A.
Operant
- B.
Classical
- C.
Both
- 10.You ask the dog to sit; The dog sits; You say 'yes'; After a second, you give a treat. You repeat this so often that the dog learns that 'yes' predicts a treat AND that sitting on command predicts a 'yes'. As a result, he sits on command more often. What type of conditioning is this?
- A.
Operant
- B.
Classical
- C.
Both
- 11.A dog barks at the window at people passing by. He does it more and more often as it 'works' (in his mind, barking makes people leave). What type of conditioning is this?
- A.
Operant
- B.
Classical
- C.
Both
- 12.A dog barks at the window at people passing by. The problem seems to be getting worse and he barks more and more excitedly with each passersby. He does not seem to be getting used to them. This process is called 'sensitisation'. Each passerby acquires a more and more emotional meaning to the dog. Sensitisation is a classical or operant process? What type of conditioning is sensitisation?
- A.
Operant
- B.
Classical
- C.
Both
- 13.If you want your dog to drop the habit of jumping up, you should put the reinforcement (e.g. attention) on what kind of a ratio?
- A.
Intermittent: He gets attention after jumping only once in a while.
- B.
Continuous: He gets attention systematically after jumping
- C.
Cold turkey: He never gets attention after jumping from now on.
- 14.
In the operant conditioning quadrant, what does the + (plus) sign stand for?- A.
Treating the dog in a way he likes after he performs the behaviour (e.g. saying 'good boy' or giving him a treat). '+' consequences are more humane than '-' consequences.
- B.
Something (a consequence) starts, is added (+) as a result of the dog's a behaviour. e.g. He barks -> You kick him; or He sits -> You give him a treat.
- 15.P+ (Positive Punishment, = positieve straf) is experienced as positive by the dog.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 16.In the operant conditioning quadrant, the 'P' in 'Punishment' (= straf) is defined as:
- A.
Punishing the dog (e.g. by raising our voice or hitting him)
- B.
Following a dog's specific behaviour with a consequence that will decrease the future likelihood/frequency of this behaviour.
- 17.In the operant conditioning quadrant, the 'R' in 'Reinforcement' (= bekrachtiging) is defined as:
- A.
Rewarding the dog for his good behaviour (e.g. praising, treats)
- B.
Any consequence to a dog's behaviour that increase the future frequency/likelihood of this behaviour.
- 18.How would you classify OhMyDog's methods on the quadrants?
- A.
R+ (Positive Reinforcement/Positieve Bekrachtiging) & R- (Negative Reinforcement/Negatieve Bekrachtiging)
- B.
R+ (Positive Reinforcement/Positieve Bekrachtiging) & P+ (Positive Punishment/Positieve Straf)
- C.
R+ (Positive Reinforcement/Positieve Bekrachtiging)
- D.
R+ (Positive Reinforcement/Positieve Bekrachtiging) & P- (Negative Punishment/Negatieve Straf)
- 19.
In the operant conditioning quadrant, what does the - (minus) sign stand for?
- A.
Treating the dog in a way he dislikes after he performs the behaviour. '-' consequences are less humane then '+' consequences.
- B.
Something stops happening/is removed/fails to happen (-) after the dog performs a certain behaviour. e.g. He barks -> You leave; or He sits -> You stop hanging him by his collar.
- 20.The dog barks, you kick him (DO NOT KICK A DOG!). This reduces the barking. Which quadrant is at play?
- A.
P+ (Positive Punishment, = positieve staf)
- B.
P- (Negative Punishment, = negatieve staf)
- C.
R+ (Positive Reinforcement, = positieve bekrachtiging)
- D.
R- (Negative Reinforcement, = negaieve bekrachtiging)
- 21.The dog barks, you leave the room. You repeat this until he learns that barking results in you removing yourself. This reduces the barking. Which quadrant is at play?
- A.
P+ (Positive Punishment, = positieve staf)
- B.
P- (Negative Punishment, = negatieve staf)
- C.
R+ (Positive Reinforcement, = positieve bekrachtiging)
- D.
R- (Negative Reinforcement, = negatieve bekrachtiging)
- 22.Pick one answer for Part 1 and one answer for Part 2. P+ (Positive Punishment, = positieve straf) means you [part 1] something (e.g. a kick) after the dog performs the behaviour (e.g. barking). As a result, he will perform the behaviour [part 2] often.
- A.
Part 1: add
- B.
Part 1: remove
- C.
Part 2: more
- D.
Part 2: less
- 23.P- (Negative Punishment, = negatieve staf) means you [Part 1] something (e.g. your presence if he likes you) after the dog performs the behaviour (e.g. barking). As a result, he will perform the behaviour [Part 2] often. Pick one answer for Part 1 and one answer for Part 2.
- A.
Part 1: add
- B.
Part 1: remove
- C.
Part 2: more
- D.
Part 2: less
- 24.R+ (Positive Reinforcement, = positieve bekrachtiging) means you [Part 1] something (e.g. a treat) after the dog performs the behaviour on command (e.g. sitting). As a result, he will perform the behaviour [Part 2] often. Pick one answer for Part 1 and one answer for Part 2.
- A.
Part 1: add
- B.
Part 1: removing
- C.
Part 2: more
- D.
Part 2: less
- 25.R- (Negative Reinforcement, negatieve bekrachtiging) means you [part 1] something (e.g. stop hanging him by the collar) after the dog performs the behaviour (e.g. sitting) on command. As a result, he will perform the behaviour [part 2] often. Pick one answer for Part 1 and one answer for Part 2. As a result, he will perform the behaviour [part 2] often.
- A.
Part 1: add
- B.
Part 1: remove
- C.
Part 2: more
- D.
Part 2: less
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