Immunology
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- 1.Which Leukocyte respondes to bacterial infection and are the first leukocyte to migrate to site of infection? They bind to antigen/antibody complexes and perform phagocytosis
- A.
Neutrophil
- B.
Basophil
- C.
Eosinophil
- D.
Monocyte
- E.
LYmphocyte
- 2.Which leukocyte responds to parasitic infection?
- A.
Neutrophil
- B.
Monocyte
- C.
Esoinophil
- D.
Basophil
- E.
Lymphocyte
- 3.Which leukocyte responds to allergic infection?
- A.
Neutrophil
- B.
Monocyte
- C.
Esoinophil
- D.
Basophil
- E.
Lymphocyte
- 4.Macrophages differentiate into Monocytes
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 5.Phagocytosis By Neutrophils: 1. They recognise and bind to antigens through Fab receptors 2. The antigen is then engulfed by pseudopods and internalised forming a phagosome 3. Granules fuse with phagosome forming phagolysosome 4. Enzymatic contents kill and digest micro-orgaanism 5. Digested material is then endocytosed.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 6.Which leukocyte also secrete substances called interleukins that send chemical signals round the body to activate complement system, trigger inflamation and recruit macrophages.
- A.
Monocytes
- B.
Neutrophils
- C.
Basophils
- D.
Esoinophils
- 7.Which T cell binds to MHC I?
- A.
Helper
- B.
Cytotoxic
- 8.Which T cell binds to MHC II?
- A.
Helper
- B.
Cytotoxic
- 9.Which type of immunity is rapid and non-specific
- A.
Innate
- B.
Acquired
- C.
Artificial
- 10.Which type of immunity iincludes the humoral (antibody) and the cellmediated (T Cell)
- A.
Innate
- B.
Acquired
- C.
Artificial
- 11.The Passive Immune System is immunity that can be transferred across the placenta in all animal or through colostrum. It is long-lasting and breaks down easily. Antibodies are static and don't replicate. Colostrum contains trypsin inhibitors, IgG and IgA
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 12.Which of these is true about ARTIFICIAL immunity?
- A.
Induced by exposure to antigen by vaccination
- B.
Antigen is presented to T and B cells by APCs
- C.
This mounts an immune response that is re-inforced by boosters
- D.
Antigen is presented to T and B cells by anitbodies
- 13.What is the first cell recruited to site of infection?
- A.
Neutrophil
- B.
Macrophage
- C.
Dendritic Cell
- D.
Antibody
- 14.Which of these are caused by interleukins released by Neutrophils?
- A.
Triggers Inflammation
- B.
Recruits macrophages and other cells to site of infection
- C.
Phagocytosis
- D.
Activate Complement System
- E.
Chemolysis
- 15.Complement is a set of protein (C1-C8) produced by the liver that circulate in the blood. Once activated they damage the pathogen by creating pores allowing osmosis = lysis, also cause opsonisation and guide other immune cells by chemotaxis.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 16.Which 2 cells act as APCs and engulf pathogens, displaying the fragments on MHC II surface proteins.
- A.
Macrophages
- B.
Dendritic Cells
- C.
Dendrites
- D.
Antibodies
- E.
Infected Cells
- 17.When the cell mediated response is initiated, T cell mature in the Bursa by clonal selection and proliferation. APCs present MHC II fragments to Helper T cell causes the release of cytokines which stimulate division of Cytotoxic T cells which secrete toxins that kill infected cells displaying antigen fragments on MHC I proteins - create pores in membrane.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 18.Cytokines released by helper T cells cause proliferation of B cells into plasma cells which dosplay antibodies and Memory B cells
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 19.Which of these is true about B cells?
- A.
Mature in the bone marrow
- B.
Activated when it meets a matching antigen
- C.
Engulfs matching antigens and display MHC I on surface protein which attracts helper T cells
- D.
Cytokines released cause proliferation od B cells and antibody production
- E.
Antigen/anitbody complex are then destroyed by Tc cells.
- 20.Which lasts longer, Memory T or B cells?
- A.
B
- B.
T
- 21.Antibodies recognise and bind to specific epitopes on antigens and 'tag' them for attack or directly neutralise thme
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 22.Which fragment deterimines epitope shape?
- A.
Fab
- B.
Fc
- 23.Which fragment deterimines biological properties and mediates different immune responses?
- A.
Fab
- B.
Fc
- 24.Which is the only Dimeric Antibody?
- A.
IgM
- B.
IgA
- C.
IgD
- D.
IgG
- E.
IgE
- 25.Which antibody is monomeric when bound to a B cell and pentameric shen in serum?
- A.
IgM
- B.
IgA
- C.
IgD
- D.
IgG
- E.
IgE
- 26.Which antibody do we not know much about except that it functions as an antigen receptor on naive B cells and may have a role in their maturation? Is also monomeric
- A.
IgM
- B.
IgA
- C.
IgD
- D.
IgG
- E.
IgE
- 27.Which antibody is most abundant at end of primary and beginning of secondary immune response?
- A.
IgM
- B.
IgA
- C.
IgD
- D.
IgG
- E.
IgE
- 28.Which antibody is found ont he suface of mast cells in tissue and basophils in blood?
- A.
IgM
- B.
IgA
- C.
IgD
- D.
IgG
- E.
IgE
- 29.Which is the only antibody that can be pentameric?
- A.
IgM
- B.
IgE
- C.
IgA
- 30.Which antibody is the most important placentally?
- A.
IgM
- B.
IgG
- C.
IgA
- 31.Antibodies are produced by plasma cells either in a soluble form, or in a membrane bound form attached to B cells called B Cell receptors (eg IgM, IgD and IgE)
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 32.BCRs are antibodies attached to membrane of B cells that cailitate the activiation of that cell either to plasma or memory.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 33.Which antibody is secreted when B cells differentiate into plasma cels? Its presence therefore indicates recent infection.
- A.
IgM
- B.
IgG
- C.
IgA
- 34.As the primary immune response progresses, SWITCHING occurs. T cell cytokines direct plasma cells o alter the type of antibody being prodced - Seroconversion
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 35.What are the stimulus for Seroconversion?
- A.
Cytokines
- B.
Interleukins
- C.
Antigen/Antibody complexes
- 36.What are the effects of antibodies?
- A.
Immobilise pathogens by binding to them - then broken down in liver and spleen by macrophages
- B.
Immobilise toxins y binding to them
- C.
Immobilise Parasites by binding to them
- D.
Opsonise Pathogens by binding to them via Fab fragment and then binding a phagocytic cell by Fc, making phagoytsosi more efficient - IgG is the most important Opsonin
- E.
Opsonise Pathogens by binding to them via Fc fragment and then binding a phagocytic cell by Fab, making phagoytsosi more efficient - IgG is the most important Opsonin
- F.
Stimulate Complement system to lyse pathogens
- G.
Phagocytose pathogens directly
- 37.Which of these are non-specific and recognise many epitopes on one antigen?
- A.
Polyclonal
- B.
Monoclonal
- 38.Monoclonal Antibodies are produces by the Method
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