Immunology: Tcrs, Cytokines, Immunity Reactions At The Cellular Level
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TEST 3 IMMUNOLOGY
- 1.Cytokines involved in acquired immunity
- A.
IL-1, IL-6, IL-18, IFN-A, IFN-B, AND TNF-A
- B.
IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, IFN-G, TNF-B, AND TGF-B
- C.
ONLY IL-1, IL-6, IL-12, AND TNF-A
- D.
ONLY IFN-G, AND IL-10
- 2.CHEMOKINES ARE PRODUCED MOSTLY BY WHICH MOLECULES
- A.
NK CELLS
- B.
MACROPHAGES
- C.
ENDOTHELIAL CELLS, EPITHELIAL CELLS, AND FIBROBLASTS
- D.
TH1 AND TH2 CELLS
- 3.WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING MOLECULES ARE MACROPHAGE DEACTIVATING FACTORS BLOCKING MACROPHAGE FUNCTIONS, INCLUDING TNF-A RELEASE:
- A.
E SERIES PROSTAGLANDINS
- B.
TGF-B
- C.
IL-4 AND IL-10
- 4.IL-8 IS WHICH TYPE OF CHEMOKINE
- A.
CC-CC
- B.
CXC
- C.
CXCX
- D.
CXXC
- 5.WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS TRUE REGARDING THE NUMBER OF SUBFAMILIES OF CHEMOKINES
- A.
2
- B.
4
- C.
3
- D.
0 SUBFAMILIES
- 6.THE INNATE IMMUNITY CYTOKINES ARE:
- A.
IL-1, IL-6, IL-12 AND TNF-A ONLY
- B.
IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, IFN-G, TNF-B, AND TGF-B
- C.
ONLY IFN-G AND IL-2
- D.
IL-1, IL-6, IL-12, IL-18, IFN-A, IFN-B, AND TNF-A
- 7.THE SIGNATURE CYTOKINES PRODUCED BY TH1 CELLS
- A.
IL-10
- B.
IFN-G AND SOMETIMES IL-2
- C.
TNF-A
- 8.WHICH ARE THE SIGNATURE CYTOKINES PRODUCED BY TH2 CELLS
- A.
IL-4
- B.
IL-2
- C.
IL-10
- 9.WHICH INTERLUEKIN IS ALSO LAF?
- 10.TRUE OR FALSE: A T CELL CAN RELEASE ITS RECEPTOR AND RECOGNIZE ANTIGEN IN ITS NATURAL STATE
- A.
FALSE
- B.
TRUE
- 11.WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING ARE ANTIGEN PRESENTING CELLS
- A.
MACROPHAGE
- B.
DENDRITIC CELLS
- C.
B CELLS
- 12.A/B TCRs HAVE A TOTAL DIVERSITY OF:
- A.
~ 1O^18
- B.
~ 10^13
- C.
~ 10^14
- D.
~ 10^15
- 13.COLIGATION OF TCR WITH MHC/PEPTIDE CTLA-4 WITH B7 LEADS TO
- A.
ARREST OF CELL-CYCLE AND TERMINATION OF T-CELL ACTIVATION
- B.
ENABLES T CELL TO BE RECOGIZED BY BOTH CELL-CLL CONTACT AND CYTOKINES
- C.
PROMOTES B-CELL PROLIFERATION AND DIFFERENTIATION, PREVENTS APOPTOSIS OF GERMINAL CENTER B CELLS AND PROMOTES ANTIBODY CLASS SWITCHING
- 14.WHICH INTERACTIONS ARE ESSENTIAL FOR DIALOGUE BETWEN B AND T CELLS?
- A.
CD28-B7
- B.
CD2-CD58
- C.
CD40-CD40L
- 15.FOLLICULAR DENDRITIC CELLS
- A.
HOLD PROCESSED ANTIGEN ON SURFACE IN THE FORM OF SHORT-LIVED IMMUNE COMPLEXES
- B.
HOLD UNPROCESSED, INTACT, ANTIGEN ON THEIR SURFACE INT HE FORM OF SHORT LIVED IMMUNE COMPLEXES
- C.
HOLD INTACT, UNPROCESSED LONG LIVED IMMUNE COMPLEXES ON THEIR SURFACE
- D.
HOLD PROCESSED, INTACT LONG LIVED ANTIGEN IN THE FORM OF LONG LIVED IMMUNE COMPLEXES ON THEIR SURFACE
- 16.THYMUS IS ROUGHLY DIVIDED INTO
- A.
4 REGIONS
- B.
2 REGIONS
- C.
3 REGIONS
- D.
5 REGIONS
- 17.CELLS ENTERING THE CORTICO-MEDULLARY JUNCTION EXPRESS CD3 ON THEIR CELL SURFACE
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 18.WHERE MIGHT ONE FIND CD25+CD44+CD4-CD8-
- A.
REGION 1 OF THE THYMUS
- B.
REGION 2 OF THE THYMUS
- C.
REGION 3 OF THE THYMUS
- D.
REGION 4 THE THYMUS
- 19.WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING CORRESPOND TO THE DN1 PHASE OF T CELL DEVELOPMENT
- A.
UNCOMMITTED PROGENITORS; CD44+CD25-CD4-CD8-
- B.
CLONAL EXPANSION
- C.
LOSE POTENTIAL TO BECOME B CELLS OR NK CELLS
- D.
CELLS COMMIT TO T CELL LINEAGE AND TCR B-CHAIN REARRANGEMENT OCCURS
- 20.DOUBLE POSITIVE CD44-CD25-CD4+CD8+ CELLS ARE FOUND
- A.
IN REGION 1 OF THE THYMUS
- B.
IN REGION 2 OF THE THYMUS
- C.
IN REGION 3 OF THE THYMUS
- D.
IN REGION 4 OF THE THYMUS
- 21.AT WHICH STAGE IS THE T CELL'S FATE DETERMINED
- A.
STAGE 1
- B.
STAGE 2
- C.
STAGE 3
- D.
STAGE 4
- 22.WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING ARE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE DN3 PHASE OR REGION 3 OF T CELL DEVELOPMENT?
- A.
CELLS COMMIT TO T CELL LINEAGE
- B.
TCR B-CHAIN REARRANGEMENT OCCURS
- C.
T CELL LINEAGES ALPHA/BETA OR GAMMA/DELTA DIVERGE
- D.
CD44-CD25+CD4-CD8-
- E.
ALL OF THE ABOVE
- 23.POSITIVE SELECTION OCCURS MAINLY
- A.
IN THE MEDULLA
- B.
IN THE SUBCAPSULAR EPITHELIUM
- C.
IN THE CORTEX
- D.
IN THE CORTICO-MEDULLARY JUNTION
- 24.NEGATIVE SELECTION OCCURS MAINLY
- A.
IN THE CORTEX
- B.
IN THE SUBCAPSULAR EPITHELIUM
- C.
IN THE MEDULLA
- D.
IN THE CORTICO-MEDULLARY JUNCTION
- 25.WHICH CELLS MEDIATE NEGATIVE SELECTION
- A.
THYMIC EPITHELIAL CELLS
- B.
THYMIC DENDRITIC CELLS
- C.
THYMIC MACROPHAGES
- D.
CD3+TCR+ T CELLS
- E.
A, B, AND C
- 26.POSITIVE SELECTION INVOLVES WHICH INTERACTIONS BETWEEN WHICH CELLS
- A.
CD3+TCR+ T CELLS AND CORTICAL TECs
- B.
CD3+TCR+ T CELLS AND IL-7
- C.
CD3+TCR+ T CELLS AND CD40L
- D.
CD3+TCR+ T CELLS AND CD4LOWCD8+ T CELLS
- 27.THE TCR B LOCUS CONTAINS V-D-J SEGMENTS LIKE THE IgH LOCUS AND THE TCR ALPHA LOCUS CONTAINS
- A.
D SEGMENTS
- B.
V-J SEGMENTS LIKE Ig LIGHT CHAIN LOCI
- C.
SOMATIC MUTATION
- D.
DIVERSITY SEGMENTS
- 28.ALPHA AND DELTA TCRs HAVE D REGIONS
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 29.CD3 EXISTS AS
- A.
ONLY DIMERIC MOLECULES
- B.
HOMODIMERIC ZETA-ZETA, OR ZETA-NU COMBINATION
- C.
HETERODIMERIC NON-COVALENTLY ASSOCIATED GAMMA AND EPSILON COMBINATION
- D.
HETERODIMERIC NON-COVALENTLY ASSOCIATED EPSILON AND DELTA
- E.
NONE OF THE ABOVE
- F.
ALL OF THE ABOVE
- G.
A, B, C,
- H.
C, AND D ONLY
- 30.Granzyme fxn
- A.
-enzymes that cleave and activate enzymes called caspases, which induce apoptosis
- B.
-enhances leukocyte recruitment and inflammation
- C.
-inhibiting phagolysosome fusion -escaping from the vesicles of phagocytes -inhibiting the assembly of class I MHC-peptide complexes -producing inhibitory cytokines or decoy cytokine receptors
- D.
-when macrophages are not activated by the microbes themselves -when pathogenic microbes have evolved to resist the defense mechanisms of innate immunity
- 31.2 types of T cell-mediated immune rxns
- A.
-recognize the antigens of microbes that have been ingested by macrophages -expresses CD40 ligand and secrete IFN-gamma, which fxn cooperatively to activate macrophages -stimulates defense against intracellular microbes
- B.
-macrophages encounter microbe and produce IL-12 -IL-12 stimulates CD4+ T cells to the TH1 subset, which produces IFN-gamma on encountering antigen from microbe ingested by macrophage -IFN-gamma activates the phagocytes to kill ingested microbes and it stimulates more IL-12 production, which amplifies the response -ex of innat and adaptive immunity working together
- C.
-stimulate eosinophilic inflammation and inhibit the microbicidal fxns of activated macrophages -eosinophils are important against helminthic parasites -suppresses defense against intracellular microbes; also limits injurious consequences of macrophage activation (aka alternative macrophage activation)
- D.
-CD4+ T cell response: activate macrophages to kill ingested microbes that are able to survive in the vesicles of phagocytes -CD8+ T cell response: kills cells that are harboring microbes in their cytoplasm, which eliminates reservoires of infection
- 32.Mechanisms whereby intracellular microbes resist cell-mediated immune responses
- A.
-enzymes that cleave and activate enzymes called caspases, which induce apoptosis
- B.
-secrete cytokines TNF, IL-1 and chemokines, and platelet-derived growth factor which stimulates growth of and activities of fibroblasts, which helps to repair tissue when the infection is gone -leads to increased expression of class II MHC molecules and costimulators, thereby enhancing APC fxn, which promtoes T cell activation
- C.
-inhibiting phagolysosome fusion -escaping from the vesicles of phagocytes -inhibiting the assembly of class I MHC-peptide complexes -producing inhibitory cytokines or decoy cytokine receptors
- D.
-recognize the antigens of microbes that have been ingested by macrophages -expresses CD40 ligand and secrete IFN-gamma, which fxn cooperatively to activate macrophages -stimulates defense against intracellular microbes
- 33.Role of TH17
- A.
-recognize the antigens of microbes that have been ingested by macrophages -expresses CD40 ligand and secrete IFN-gamma, which fxn cooperatively to activate macrophages -stimulates defense against intracellular microbes
- B.
-occurs 24-48 hrs after exposure to immunization or microbial protein -these rxns are manifested by infiltrates of T cells and monocytes into tissues -the increased vascular permeability is caused by CD4+ T cells secreting cytokines -macrophages are activate by the T cells
- C.
-when macrophages are not activated by the microbes themselves -when pathogenic microbes have evolved to resist the defense mechanisms of innate immunity
- D.
-enhances leukocyte recruitment and inflammation
- 34.What are the mechanisms by which CD8+ T cells activate macrophages?
- A.
-macrophages encounter microbe and produce IL-12 -IL-12 stimulates CD4+ T cells to the TH1 subset, which produces IFN-gamma on encountering antigen from microbe ingested by macrophage -IFN-gamma activates the phagocytes to kill ingested microbes and it stimulates more IL-12 production, which amplifies the response -ex of innat and adaptive immunity working together
- B.
-recognize the antigens of microbes that have been ingested by macrophages -expresses CD40 ligand and secrete IFN-gamma, which fxn cooperatively to activate macrophages -stimulates defense against intracellular microbes
- C.
-sometimes the macrophages express class I MHC molecules -when this recognititon occurs, the CD8+ T cells can activate the macrophages the exact same way as the CD4+ T cells did; however, this activation is not useful; macrophages cannot digest intracellular microbes
- D.
-CD4+ T cell response: activate macrophages to kill ingested microbes that are able to survive in the vesicles of phagocytes -CD8+ T cell response: kills cells that are harboring microbes in their cytoplasm, which eliminates reservoires of infection
- 35.What is the role of perforin?
- A.
-stimulates mast cell activation, which releases mediators that are toxic against parasites
- B.
-mainly by inducing DNA fragmentation and apoptosis -TCR and CD8 co-receptor necessary of CD8+ T cell recognition -CTLs kill target cell by releasing granule proteins granzyme and perforin
- C.
-when macrophages are not activated by the microbes themselves -when pathogenic microbes have evolved to resist the defense mechanisms of innate immunity
- D.
-necessary for delivery of granzymes into cytoplasm
- 36.Role of CD4+ TH1 cells
- A.
-IL-4: stimulates production of IgE, inhibits microbicidal macrophage activation -IL-5: activates eosinophils -IL-10, IL-13: also inhibit macrophage microbicidal activation
- B.
-recognize the antigens of microbes that have been ingested by macrophages -expresses CD40 ligand and secrete IFN-gamma, which fxn cooperatively to activate macrophages -stimulates defense against intracellular microbes
- C.
-secrete cytokines TNF, IL-1 and chemokines, and platelet-derived growth factor which stimulates growth of and activities of fibroblasts, which helps to repair tissue when the infection is gone -leads to increased expression of class II MHC molecules and costimulators, thereby enhancing APC fxn, which promtoes T cell activation
- D.
-occurs 24-48 hrs after exposure to immunization or microbial protein -these rxns are manifested by infiltrates of T cells and monocytes into tissues -the increased vascular permeability is caused by CD4+ T cells secreting cytokines -macrophages are activate by the T cells
- 37.T cell-mediated killing involves:
- A.
Activation of TH cell
- B.
Activation of TC cell
- C.
A calcium-dependent reaction
- D.
Destruction of the T cell
- E.
All of the above
- F.
A and b
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