Explore key aspects of immunology at the cellular level, focusing on TCRs, cytokines, and immunity reactions. This quiz assesses understanding of cytokine roles in acquired immunity, chemokine types, and innate immunity cytokines, essential for students and professionals in immunology.
FALSE
TRUE
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IL-1, IL-6, IL-18, IFN-A, IFN-B, AND TNF-A
IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, IFN-G, TNF-B, AND TGF-B
ONLY IL-1, IL-6, IL-12, AND TNF-A
ONLY IFN-G, AND IL-10
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IL-10
IFN-G AND SOMETIMES IL-2
TNF-A
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CC-CC
CXC
CXCX
CXXC
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-enzymes that cleave and activate enzymes called caspases, which induce apoptosis
-enhances leukocyte recruitment and inflammation
-inhibiting phagolysosome fusion -escaping from the vesicles of phagocytes -inhibiting the assembly of class I MHC-peptide complexes -producing inhibitory cytokines or decoy cytokine receptors
-when macrophages are not activated by the microbes themselves -when pathogenic microbes have evolved to resist the defense mechanisms of innate immunity
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THYMIC EPITHELIAL CELLS
THYMIC DENDRITIC CELLS
THYMIC MACROPHAGES
CD3+TCR+ T CELLS
A, B, AND C
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MACROPHAGE
DENDRITIC CELLS
B CELLS
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IN THE CORTEX
IN THE SUBCAPSULAR EPITHELIUM
IN THE MEDULLA
IN THE CORTICO-MEDULLARY JUNCTION
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-recognize the antigens of microbes that have been ingested by macrophages -expresses CD40 ligand and secrete IFN-gamma, which fxn cooperatively to activate macrophages -stimulates defense against intracellular microbes
-macrophages encounter microbe and produce IL-12 -IL-12 stimulates CD4+ T cells to the TH1 subset, which produces IFN-gamma on encountering antigen from microbe ingested by macrophage -IFN-gamma activates the phagocytes to kill ingested microbes and it stimulates more IL-12 production, which amplifies the response -ex of innat and adaptive immunity working together
-stimulate eosinophilic inflammation and inhibit the microbicidal fxns of activated macrophages -eosinophils are important against helminthic parasites -suppresses defense against intracellular microbes; also limits injurious consequences of macrophage activation (aka alternative macrophage activation)
-CD4+ T cell response: activate macrophages to kill ingested microbes that are able to survive in the vesicles of phagocytes -CD8+ T cell response: kills cells that are harboring microbes in their cytoplasm, which eliminates reservoires of infection
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True
False
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IN THE MEDULLA
IN THE SUBCAPSULAR EPITHELIUM
IN THE CORTEX
IN THE CORTICO-MEDULLARY JUNTION
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ARREST OF CELL-CYCLE AND TERMINATION OF T-CELL ACTIVATION
ENABLES T CELL TO BE RECOGIZED BY BOTH CELL-CLL CONTACT AND CYTOKINES
PROMOTES B-CELL PROLIFERATION AND DIFFERENTIATION, PREVENTS APOPTOSIS OF GERMINAL CENTER B CELLS AND PROMOTES ANTIBODY CLASS SWITCHING
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4 REGIONS
2 REGIONS
3 REGIONS
5 REGIONS
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-stimulates mast cell activation, which releases mediators that are toxic against parasites
-mainly by inducing DNA fragmentation and apoptosis -TCR and CD8 co-receptor necessary of CD8+ T cell recognition -CTLs kill target cell by releasing granule proteins granzyme and perforin
-when macrophages are not activated by the microbes themselves -when pathogenic microbes have evolved to resist the defense mechanisms of innate immunity
-necessary for delivery of granzymes into cytoplasm
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-enzymes that cleave and activate enzymes called caspases, which induce apoptosis
-secrete cytokines TNF, IL-1 and chemokines, and platelet-derived growth factor which stimulates growth of and activities of fibroblasts, which helps to repair tissue when the infection is gone -leads to increased expression of class II MHC molecules and costimulators, thereby enhancing APC fxn, which promtoes T cell activation
-inhibiting phagolysosome fusion -escaping from the vesicles of phagocytes -inhibiting the assembly of class I MHC-peptide complexes -producing inhibitory cytokines or decoy cytokine receptors
-recognize the antigens of microbes that have been ingested by macrophages -expresses CD40 ligand and secrete IFN-gamma, which fxn cooperatively to activate macrophages -stimulates defense against intracellular microbes
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NK CELLS
MACROPHAGES
ENDOTHELIAL CELLS, EPITHELIAL CELLS, AND FIBROBLASTS
TH1 AND TH2 CELLS
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UNCOMMITTED PROGENITORS; CD44+CD25-CD4-CD8-
CLONAL EXPANSION
LOSE POTENTIAL TO BECOME B CELLS OR NK CELLS
CELLS COMMIT TO T CELL LINEAGE AND TCR B-CHAIN REARRANGEMENT OCCURS
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-IL-4: stimulates production of IgE, inhibits microbicidal macrophage activation -IL-5: activates eosinophils -IL-10, IL-13: also inhibit macrophage microbicidal activation
-recognize the antigens of microbes that have been ingested by macrophages -expresses CD40 ligand and secrete IFN-gamma, which fxn cooperatively to activate macrophages -stimulates defense against intracellular microbes
-secrete cytokines TNF, IL-1 and chemokines, and platelet-derived growth factor which stimulates growth of and activities of fibroblasts, which helps to repair tissue when the infection is gone -leads to increased expression of class II MHC molecules and costimulators, thereby enhancing APC fxn, which promtoes T cell activation
-occurs 24-48 hrs after exposure to immunization or microbial protein -these rxns are manifested by infiltrates of T cells and monocytes into tissues -the increased vascular permeability is caused by CD4+ T cells secreting cytokines -macrophages are activate by the T cells
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Activation of TH cell
Activation of TC cell
A calcium-dependent reaction
Destruction of the T cell
All of the above
A and b
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CD3+TCR+ T CELLS AND CORTICAL TECs
CD3+TCR+ T CELLS AND IL-7
CD3+TCR+ T CELLS AND CD40L
CD3+TCR+ T CELLS AND CD4LOWCD8+ T CELLS
2
4
3
0 SUBFAMILIES
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CELLS COMMIT TO T CELL LINEAGE
TCR B-CHAIN REARRANGEMENT OCCURS
T CELL LINEAGES ALPHA/BETA OR GAMMA/DELTA DIVERGE
CD44-CD25+CD4-CD8-
ALL OF THE ABOVE
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-recognize the antigens of microbes that have been ingested by macrophages -expresses CD40 ligand and secrete IFN-gamma, which fxn cooperatively to activate macrophages -stimulates defense against intracellular microbes
-occurs 24-48 hrs after exposure to immunization or microbial protein -these rxns are manifested by infiltrates of T cells and monocytes into tissues -the increased vascular permeability is caused by CD4+ T cells secreting cytokines -macrophages are activate by the T cells
-when macrophages are not activated by the microbes themselves -when pathogenic microbes have evolved to resist the defense mechanisms of innate immunity
-enhances leukocyte recruitment and inflammation
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IL-1, IL-6, IL-12 AND TNF-A ONLY
IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, IFN-G, TNF-B, AND TGF-B
ONLY IFN-G AND IL-2
IL-1, IL-6, IL-12, IL-18, IFN-A, IFN-B, AND TNF-A
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CD28-B7
CD2-CD58
CD40-CD40L
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REGION 1 OF THE THYMUS
REGION 2 OF THE THYMUS
REGION 3 OF THE THYMUS
REGION 4 THE THYMUS
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STAGE 1
STAGE 2
STAGE 3
STAGE 4
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True
False
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~ 1O^18
~ 10^13
~ 10^14
~ 10^15
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-macrophages encounter microbe and produce IL-12 -IL-12 stimulates CD4+ T cells to the TH1 subset, which produces IFN-gamma on encountering antigen from microbe ingested by macrophage -IFN-gamma activates the phagocytes to kill ingested microbes and it stimulates more IL-12 production, which amplifies the response -ex of innat and adaptive immunity working together
-recognize the antigens of microbes that have been ingested by macrophages -expresses CD40 ligand and secrete IFN-gamma, which fxn cooperatively to activate macrophages -stimulates defense against intracellular microbes
-sometimes the macrophages express class I MHC molecules -when this recognititon occurs, the CD8+ T cells can activate the macrophages the exact same way as the CD4+ T cells did; however, this activation is not useful; macrophages cannot digest intracellular microbes
-CD4+ T cell response: activate macrophages to kill ingested microbes that are able to survive in the vesicles of phagocytes -CD8+ T cell response: kills cells that are harboring microbes in their cytoplasm, which eliminates reservoires of infection
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IL-4
IL-2
IL-10
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IN REGION 1 OF THE THYMUS
IN REGION 2 OF THE THYMUS
IN REGION 3 OF THE THYMUS
IN REGION 4 OF THE THYMUS
ONLY DIMERIC MOLECULES
HOMODIMERIC ZETA-ZETA, OR ZETA-NU COMBINATION
HETERODIMERIC NON-COVALENTLY ASSOCIATED GAMMA AND EPSILON COMBINATION
HETERODIMERIC NON-COVALENTLY ASSOCIATED EPSILON AND DELTA
NONE OF THE ABOVE
ALL OF THE ABOVE
A, B, C,
C, AND D ONLY
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HOLD PROCESSED ANTIGEN ON SURFACE IN THE FORM OF SHORT-LIVED IMMUNE COMPLEXES
HOLD UNPROCESSED, INTACT, ANTIGEN ON THEIR SURFACE INT HE FORM OF SHORT LIVED IMMUNE COMPLEXES
HOLD INTACT, UNPROCESSED LONG LIVED IMMUNE COMPLEXES ON THEIR SURFACE
HOLD PROCESSED, INTACT LONG LIVED ANTIGEN IN THE FORM OF LONG LIVED IMMUNE COMPLEXES ON THEIR SURFACE
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E SERIES PROSTAGLANDINS
TGF-B
IL-4 AND IL-10
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