Anti Body Diversity In Immunology MCQ Quiz Question & Answers
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Immunology is a branch of science that studies the immune system in the body. Our 'anti-body diversity in immunology MCQ quiz question & answers contains a carefully curated list of questions that may help you better prepare for the examinations. All the questions are designed in such a way that will pique your curiosity and make you think. We have given the questions user-friendly MCQ manner so that you get the most of your syllabus covered. Make sure to read and attempt all the given questions carefully. All the very best, and keep studying!
- 1.
Each polypeptide chain (heavy and light) on immunoglobulin has a variable (V) andconstant (C) region. Immunoglobulin chains are encoded by_____ that is/are rearrangedduring____ development to assemble a functional gene encoding either a heavy or a light chain.
- A.
A single continuous DNA sequence; B cell
- B.
A single continuous DNA sequence; T cell
- C.
Sets of gene segments; B cell
- D.
Sets of gene segments; T cell
Correct Answer
D. Sets of gene segments; T cellExplanation
Immunoglobulin chains, comprising heavy and light polypeptide chains, possess variable (V) and constant (C) regions crucial for immune function. These chains are encoded by sets of gene segments. During B cell development, these gene segments undergo rearrangement to assemble a functional gene, encoding either a heavy or a light chain. This rearrangement process ensures diversity in antibody recognition, crucial for an effective immune response. Unlike T cells, which also play critical roles in immune function, B cells undergo this rearrangement process within their genome to generate the diverse repertoire of immunoglobulin molecules required to recognize and respond to a wide range of pathogens.Rate this question:
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- 2.
Which of the following is only contained in heavy chains and not in light chains?
- A.
Leader (L)
- B.
Joining (J)
- C.
Diversity (D)
- D.
Variable (V)
- E.
Constant (C)
Correct Answer
C. Diversity (D)Explanation
Diversity (D) is the only option that is exclusively found in heavy chains and not in light chains. Heavy chains and light chains are two types of polypeptide chains that make up antibodies. The heavy chains are larger and contain additional regions, such as the Diversity (D) region, which contribute to the diversity of antibodies. Light chains, on the other hand, do not have a Diversity (D) region. Therefore, Diversity (D) is the correct answer as it is specific to heavy chains only.Rate this question:
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- 3.
During the development of B cells, the Ig gene segments are rearranged and brought next to each other to form a contiguous functional gene (somatic recombination). The complex of enzymes involved in somatic recombination in lymphocytes is called:
- A.
RAG-1 (Recombination-Activating Gene)
- B.
RAG-2 (Recombination-Activating Gene)
- C.
V(D)J-recombinase
- D.
V(D)J-lyase
- E.
A & B
Correct Answer
D. V(D)J-lyaseExplanation
During the development of B cells, the Ig gene segments undergo somatic recombination, where they are rearranged and brought next to each other to form a functional gene. The complex of enzymes involved in this process is called V(D)J-lyase. This enzyme complex, consisting of RAG-1 and RAG-2 (Recombination-Activating Genes), is responsible for cleaving and rejoining the gene segments to create a contiguous gene. Therefore, the correct answer is V(D)J-lyase.Rate this question:
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- 4.
In somatic recombination, the____ rearranges first. The____ region of the antibody molecule is generated via somatic recombination as it binds to the antigen and contains both a constant region and a variable region.
- A.
Heavy chain; Fab
- B.
Light chain; Fab
- C.
Heavy chain; Fc
- D.
Light chain; Fc
Correct Answer
A. Heavy chain; FabExplanation
In somatic recombination, the heavy chain rearranges first. The Fab region of the antibody molecule is generated via somatic recombination as it binds to the antigen and contains both a constant region and a variable region.Rate this question:
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- 5.
The two types of light chains are:
- A.
Alpha (a) and beta (b)
- B.
Sigma (s) and gamma (g)
- C.
Epsilon (e) and delta (d)
- D.
Omega (o) and zeta (z)
- E.
Lambda (l) and kappa (k)
Correct Answer
E. Lambda (l) and kappa (k)Explanation
The correct answer is Lambda (l) and kappa (k). These are the two types of light chains found in antibodies. Light chains are a component of the antibody structure and are responsible for binding to antigens. Lambda and kappa refer to the different types of light chains that can be present in antibodies. They are named based on their distinct amino acid sequences and have slightly different functions within the immune system.Rate this question:
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- 6.
During the final step of synthesis for heavy and light immunoglobulin chains, which of the following peptides is cleaved?
- A.
Leader (L)
- B.
Joining (J)
- C.
Diversity (D)
- D.
Variable (V)
- E.
Constant (C)
Correct Answer
A. Leader (L)Explanation
During the final step of synthesis for heavy and light immunoglobulin chains, the leader (L) peptide is cleaved. The leader peptide is a short sequence of amino acids that helps in the targeting and transport of the newly synthesized protein to its correct location within the cell. Once the protein reaches its destination, the leader peptide is cleaved off, allowing the mature immunoglobulin chain to function properly.Rate this question:
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- 7.
Which of the following is NOT true regarding the mechanisms of generating antibody diversity?
- A.
V, D, and J gene segments are present in multiple copies (germline diversity)
- B.
VJ and VDJ gene segments can recombine in multiple combinations (combinatorial diversity)
- C.
Different sequences at the joint lead to greater antibody diversity (junctional diversity)
- D.
A single combination of light and heavy chains
- E.
Somatic hypermutation after antigenic stimulation
Correct Answer
D. A single combination of light and heavy chainsExplanation
Antibody diversity is generated through various mechanisms, including germline diversity, combinatorial diversity, junctional diversity, and somatic hypermutation. Germline diversity refers to the presence of multiple copies of V, D, and J gene segments, allowing for a wide range of possible combinations. Combinatorial diversity occurs when VJ and VDJ gene segments recombine in different combinations, further increasing the diversity. Junctional diversity is achieved through different sequences at the joint, leading to even more antibody diversity. Somatic hypermutation, which occurs after antigenic stimulation, introduces random mutations in the antibody genes, resulting in additional diversity. Therefore, the statement that a single combination of light and heavy chains is true regarding the mechanisms of generating antibody diversity.Rate this question:
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- 8.
Class switching (isotype switching) involves rearrangement of the V(H) exon toassociate with a different C(H) exon at different times in the course of an immuneresponse. The____ region of the antibody molecule is affected (changed) via class switching and, unlike somatic recombination, this process is antigen____.
- A.
Fab; Dependent
- B.
Fab; Independent
- C.
Fc; Dependent
- D.
Fc; Independent
Correct Answer
C. Fc; DependentExplanation
Class switching (isotype switching) involves rearrangement of the V(H) exon to associate with a different C(H) exon at different times in the course of an immune response. The Fc region of the antibody molecule is affected (changed) via class switching and, unlike somatic recombination, this process is antigen dependent.Rate this question:
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- 9.
____ is frequently found on the surface of B cells co-expressed with____. These two classes are co-expressed not by class switching but by alternative processing of a primary RNA transcript. Both molecules expressed on the single mature B cell have the same binding specificity for antigen.
- A.
IgA & IgG
- B.
IgD & IgM
- C.
IgE & IgA
- D.
IgG & IgM
- E.
IgM & IgE
Correct Answer
B. IgD & IgMExplanation
IgD and IgM are frequently found on the surface of B cells co-expressed with each other. These two classes are co-expressed not by class switching but by alternative processing of a primary RNA transcript. Both molecules expressed on the single mature B cell have the same binding specificity for antigen.Rate this question:
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- 10.
If alternative processing uses the first polyadenylation site, then what type of heavy chain mRNA is derived?
- A.
(alpha)
- B.
(gamma)
- C.
(delta)
- D.
(epsilon)
- E.
(mu)
Correct Answer
E. (mu)Explanation
If alternative processing uses the first polyadenylation site, the type of heavy chain mRNA derived is (mu).Rate this question:
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- 11.
If alternative processing uses the second polyadenylation site, then what type of heavy chain mRNA is derived?
- A.
(alpha)
- B.
(gamma)
- C.
(delta)
- D.
(epsilon)
- E.
(mu)
Correct Answer
C. (delta)Explanation
If alternative processing uses the second polyadenylation site, the heavy chain mRNA derived would be of the delta type.Rate this question:
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- 12.
Production of secreted antibodies (pAs site) involves a____ chain of amino acids with a stretch of charged (versus non charged) amino acids at the____ terminus, in comparison to membrane bound antibody production (pAm site).
- A.
Shorter; NH2
- B.
Shorter; COOH
- C.
Longer; NH2
- D.
Longer; COOH
Correct Answer
B. Shorter; COOHExplanation
The production of secreted antibodies (pAs site) involves a shorter chain of amino acids with a stretch of charged (versus non charged) amino acids at the COOH terminus, in comparison to membrane bound antibody production (pAm site).Rate this question:
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- 13.
In heterozygous individuals who have, for example, inherited two alternative forms of the constant region gene for IgG1 (i.e., IgG1m(1) and IgG1m(2)), which of the following is true regarding the Ig expression by a particular B cell, according to allelic exclusion?
- A.
It will be of the IgG1m(1) type
- B.
It will be of the IgG1m(2) type
- C.
It will contain both types
- D.
It will contain neither type
- E.
It will contain only one of the types
Correct Answer
E. It will contain only one of the typesExplanation
According to allelic exclusion, a particular B cell can only express one type of Ig. In heterozygous individuals with two alternative forms of the constant region gene for IgG1 (IgG1m(1) and IgG1m(2)), the B cell will only express one of these types, not both.Rate this question:
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Jan 31, 2023Quiz Edited by
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May 11, 2011Quiz Created by
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