Block 2 Immunology Sloma W Explanations
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The immune system protects us from infection through various lines of defense. If the immune system is not functioning, as it should, it can result in disease. Take up these immunology practice block 2 immunology test with explanations and get to learn more about this important system in the human body.
- 1.
- A.
They possess membrane-bound antibodies
- B.
They can recognize and interact with antigens in the blood.
- C.
They produce numerous cytokines
- D.
They function only in cell-mediated immunity.
- E.
Their activation depends on interferon y.
- 2.In which of the following sites do lymphocytes become immunocompetent?
- A.
Germinal center of secondary lymphoid nodules
- B.
White pulp of the spleen
- C.
Thymic cortex
- D.
Red pulp of the spleen
- E.
Paracortex of lymph nodes
- 3.
- A.
Lymphoid nodules form much of the thymic cortex.
- B.
Epithelial reticular cells form Hassall corpuscles.
- C.
T cells migrate into the medulla, where they become immunologically competent.
- D.
Most T cells that enter the thymus are killed in the medulla.
- E.
Macrophages are essential components of the blood-thymus barrier.
- 4.Which of the following statements concerning interferon -y is true?
- A.
It is produced by T memory cells.
- B.
It is produced by T suppressor cells.
- C.
It activates macrophages.
- D.
It inhibits macrophages.
- E.
It induces viral proliferation.
- 5.A patient who was given penicillin has an adverse reaction to the antibiotic. Although the reaction is due to the actions of mast cells, the response occurred because mast cells have immunoglobulin E (IgE) receptors in their cell membranes. Which of the following cells produced the IgE decorating the plasma cell's surface?
- A.
T memory cells
- B.
B memory cells
- C.
T helper cells
- D.
Plasma cells
- E.
T cytotoxic cells
- 6.Antigen presenting cells are essential in contributing to the activation of T cells. How do they accomplish this?
- A.
They use MHC class I and class II molecules to present peptide antigens to T cells
- B.
They use MHC class I and class II molecules to present carbohydrate antigens to T cells
- C.
They secrete complement proteins that activate T cells
- D.
They present antigen:antibody complexes to T cells
- 7.What type of pathogen would be processed and loaded into MHC class II molecules?
- A.
Antigens from a parasite that infects endothelial cells
- B.
Antigens from a virus infecting endothelial cells
- C.
Antigens from a bacterium infecting endothelial cells
- D.
Antigens from extracellular bacteria
- E.
Antigens from bacteria that infects endothelial cells
- 8.After their maturation in the thymus and release into the circulation, T lymphocytes migrate preferentially to which of the following sites?
- A.
Paracortex of lymph nodes
- B.
Cortical lymphoid nodules of lymph nodes
- C.
Hilus of lymph nodes
- D.
Lymphoid nodules of the tonsils
- E.
Lymphoid nodules of the spleen
- 9.Which of the following cell types is thought to function in preventing immune responses against self-antigens?
- A.
Ts cells
- B.
B cells
- C.
T memory cells
- D.
TH cells
- E.
Mast cells
- 10.Which of the following statements concerning T cytotoxic (Ta) cells is true?
- A.
They assist macrophages in killing microorganisms
- B.
They possess antibodies on their surfacs.
- C.
They possess CD8 surface markers
- D.
They possess CD28 surface markers.
- E.
They secrete interferon -y.
- 11.Which of the following statements concerning Hassall corpuscles is true?
- A.
They are located in the thymic cortex of young individuals.
- B.
They are located in the thymic cortex of old individuals.
- C.
They are derived from mesoderm.
- D.
They are located in the thymic medulla.
- E.
They are derived from T memory cells.
- 12.How do macrophages play an important role in the elimination of pathogens?
- A.
Produce complement proteins that can eliminate the pathogen
- B.
Phagocytosis of pathogens followed by presentation of antigens to B cells
- C.
Phagocytosis of pathogens followed by oxygen‐dependent and oxygen‐independent killing of the pathogen
- D.
Produce antibody molecules that can mark the pathogen for destruction
- E.
Phagocytosis of pathogens followed by formation of the membrane‐attack complex that causes lysis of pathogens
- 13.Your patient, a 7 month‐old boy, is suffering from repeated ear infections. In the lab, you determine that he has a defect in B cell function. What is the most likely defect?
- A.
Inability to synthesize toxic nitric oxides
- B.
Failure to produce complement components
- C.
Failure to express toll‐like receptors
- D.
Failure to express MHC class I molecules
- E.
Failure to express surface‐bound antibody molecules
- 14.Which of the following is not a direct consequence of antibody binding to antigen?
- A.
Activation of B cells
- B.
Neturalization of the antigen
- C.
Activation of complement
- D.
Phagocytosis of the antigen
- E.
Activation of T cells
- 15.
- A.
MHC class I
- B.
MHC class II
- C.
Surface‐bound antibody molecules
- D.
Toll‐like receptors
- E.
Complement components
- 16.Which of the following statements about immunoglobulin G (IgG) is true?
- A.
It is located in the serum and on the membrane of B cells.
- B.
It can cross the placental barrier.
- C.
It is involved in allergic reactions.
- D.
It exists as a pentamer.
- E.
It binds to antigens on the body surface and in the lumen of the gastrointestinal tract.
- 17.Which of the following is TRUE concerning Haptens
- A.
Small molecules that, on their own, are not immunogenic
- B.
Antibodies can bind, but binding is below threshold of driving an immune response
- C.
To make a hapten immunogenic, you must conjugate it to a carrier
- D.
Generally only have one epitope
- E.
All of the above
- 18.The portion of antigen that binds the antigen recognition molecule is known as
- A.
Hapten
- B.
Adjuvant
- C.
Epitope
- D.
Antibody
- 19.A chemical substances that enhances the immune response to an antigen is known as
- A.
Hapten
- B.
Adjuvant
- C.
Epitope
- D.
Antibody
- 20.Which of the following is not a direct consequence of antibody binding to antigen?
- A.
Activation of B cells
- B.
Neturalization of the antigen
- C.
Activation of complement
- D.
Phagocytosis of the antigen
- E.
Activation of T cells
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