Homeostasis Practice Quiz - Glands & Hormones

Insulin is a hormone that regulates blood sugar levels. It is produced by specialized cells called beta cells, which are found in the pancreas. The pancreas is a gland located in the abdomen, behind the stomach. It plays a crucial role in digestion and the regulation of blood sugar. Therefore, the correct answer is the pancreas.

Calcitonin and Parathyroid hormone are an antagonistic pair of hormones that regulate calcium metabolism. Calcitonin decreases blood calcium levels by inhibiting bone breakdown and increasing calcium excretion by the kidneys. On the other hand, Parathyroid hormone increases blood calcium levels by promoting bone breakdown, enhancing calcium absorption in the intestines, and reducing calcium excretion by the kidneys. Therefore, these hormones work in opposition to maintain the balance of calcium in the body.

Oxytocin is not made by the Anterior Pituitary. Oxytocin is actually produced by the hypothalamus and released by the posterior pituitary gland. The other hormones listed (LH, Prolactin, Growth Hormone, and FSH) are all produced and released by the Anterior Pituitary.

When glucose levels in the blood drop, the body requires the release of glucagon. Glucagon is a hormone produced by the pancreas that helps to increase blood glucose levels. It does this by stimulating the liver to convert stored glycogen into glucose, which can then be released into the bloodstream. This process is known as glycogenolysis. By releasing glucagon, the body can counteract low blood glucose levels and maintain a stable blood sugar level.

During labor, the woman's uterus responds to pressure stimulation from the fetus. This triggers the release of oxytocin, a hormone produced by the pituitary gland. Oxytocin plays a crucial role in the contraction of the uterus, helping to facilitate the progress of labor. It also stimulates the release of more oxytocin, creating a positive feedback loop that intensifies contractions and aids in the delivery of the baby. Therefore, oxytocin is the correct answer to this question.

When blood volume drops or blood osmotic concentration increases, the body requires the release of ADH (Vasopressin). ADH acts on the kidneys to increase water reabsorption, reducing the amount of water lost in urine and helping to maintain blood volume and osmotic concentration. Aldosterone also plays a role in regulating blood volume and osmotic concentration, but it primarily acts on the reabsorption of sodium and water in the kidneys. Parathyroid hormone is involved in regulating calcium levels, while triiodothyronine is a thyroid hormone that regulates metabolism. Testosterone is a sex hormone that is not directly involved in regulating blood volume or osmotic concentration.

Melatonin is a hormone that regulates our sleep-wake cycle, also known as our diurnal rhythm. The gland responsible for producing melatonin is the pineal gland. This small gland is located in the brain and releases melatonin in response to darkness, signaling the body to prepare for sleep. Therefore, the correct answer is the pineal gland.

A hormone coming from the adrenal cortex that helps balance sodium and potassium levels in the blood is called a mineralocorticoid.

Calcitonin is a hormone that helps regulate calcium levels in the body. It is produced by the thyroid gland, which is located in the neck. The thyroid gland is an endocrine gland responsible for producing and releasing various hormones that play a crucial role in metabolism, growth, and development. Therefore, the correct answer is the thyroid gland.

The hormones produced by the Anterior pituitary are called "releasing or 'tropic' hormones" because their main function is to stimulate secretion from other glands. These hormones act as signals to the target glands, telling them to produce and release their own hormones. This helps regulate various bodily functions and maintain homeostasis.

GnRH, or gonadotropin releasing hormone, is the hormone that initiates the human reproductive homeostasis process. It is produced in the hypothalamus and stimulates the release of FSH (follicle stimulating hormone) and LH (luteinizing hormone) from the pituitary gland. FSH and LH then regulate the production of sex hormones such as testosterone and estrogen, which are essential for reproductive function in both males and females.

Epinephrine is not involved in hunger, satiation, or weight gain/loss. Epinephrine, also known as adrenaline, is primarily responsible for the body's fight-or-flight response. It is released during times of stress or danger to increase heart rate, blood pressure, and energy levels. While it does affect metabolism, it does not directly regulate hunger, satiation, or weight gain/loss like the other hormones listed.

Progesterone is a hormone that plays a crucial role in maintaining pregnancy. It helps prepare the uterus for implantation of a fertilized egg and supports the development of the placenta. Progesterone levels rise during pregnancy and remain elevated to sustain the pregnancy. Therefore, measuring progesterone levels can provide insight into the viability and progression of a pregnancy. FSH, LH, estrogen (estradiol), and prolactin are also involved in various aspects of reproductive function, but progesterone is specifically associated with pregnancy.

A person with a very high heart rate, weight loss, and warm skin temperature may be experiencing hyperthyroidism. The thyroid gland produces hormones that regulate metabolism, heart rate, and body temperature. Additionally, the adrenal glands produce hormones that can affect heart rate and metabolism. Therefore, both the thyroid and adrenal glands may be involved in this person's disorder.

The correct order of the cascade of hormones that helps regulate sodium levels and fluid balance is Renin --> Angiotensin --> Aldosterone. Renin is released by the kidneys in response to low blood pressure or low sodium levels. Renin then acts on angiotensinogen, converting it into angiotensin I. Angiotensin I is then converted into angiotensin II by an enzyme called angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE). Angiotensin II stimulates the release of aldosterone from the adrenal cortex. Aldosterone acts on the kidneys to increase reabsorption of sodium and water, thereby increasing blood volume and blood pressure.