Homeostasis Practice Quiz 2

Dude, that's a pressure receptor in your skin. What were you thinking?

Iodine is necessary to make T4 functional. No iodine = thyroid keeps making the protein for T4 but it accumulates in the gland.

Progesterone and estrogen are the two hormones that control FSH and LH levels in the female human body through negative feedback. Progesterone is primarily produced by the ovaries after ovulation and prepares the uterus for pregnancy. Estrogen is also produced by the ovaries and plays a crucial role in the development and maturation of the eggs. Together, these hormones regulate the menstrual cycle and maintain hormonal balance in the female reproductive system.

The hypothalamus is responsible for triggering our thirst response when receptor cells in this organ sense an increase in blood concentration. This is because the hypothalamus plays a crucial role in maintaining the body's homeostasis, including regulating fluid balance. When blood concentration increases, the hypothalamus detects this change and signals the body to feel thirsty, prompting us to drink fluids and restore the balance.

The adrenal medulla produces epinephrine & norepinephrine, our main stress hormones.

Although the function of insulin was elucidated by scientists at University of Toronto, the existence of the pancreas was well established before then. The hormones are produced in the Islets of Langerhans, with insulin made by beta and glucagon by alpha cells. Although glucagon does help make glucose available by glycogenolysis, it is from stores of glycogen found in the liver & striated muscle.

ADH prevents fluid loss. Less urine will be made, and blood pressure will rise slightly as fluids accumulate. Calcium levels that lead to hypercalcemia can, in fact, lead to seizures, but this is due to parathyroid hormone. Although Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone works with ADH to maintain fluid balance, it will not necessarily 'fail' if ADH does. Frequent thirst & urination are symptoms of diabetes.

FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone) and LH (luteinizing hormone) are both considered gonadotropic hormones because they target and stimulate the gonads (ovaries in females and testes in males) to produce sex hormones and gametes. These hormones play a crucial role in the reproductive system and are responsible for regulating the menstrual cycle, sperm production, and ovulation. Therefore, FSH and LH are classified as gonadotropic hormones.

Shivering, vasodilation & sweating are involuntary physiological responses. Some mammals do hibernate, but it is a complex physiological response; non-hibernators are incapable of it, so it is not behavioural.

Steroid hormones can only initiate transcription of DNA if they are bound to their specific mobile receptor, found in the cytoplasm of their target cells.

Gluconeogenesis is the process of converting non-carbohydrate sources, such as amino acids, into glucose. This process occurs mainly in the liver and kidneys when the body needs glucose for energy but glycogen stores are depleted. Glycolysis is the breakdown of glucose into pyruvate, while glycogenolysis is the breakdown of glycogen into glucose. Gluconation and glycosmia are not recognized terms in relation to the conversion of amino acids to glucose.

Seriously, check your notes.

Testosterone release is triggered by LH.

Osteoblasts build bone tissue, osteoclasts break it down.

Glucagon is a hormone that is released by the pancreas and plays a role in regulating blood glucose levels. It works in opposition to insulin, causing the liver to release stored glucose into the bloodstream. While glucagon does have an effect on appetite regulation, it does not stimulate a sensation of hunger. Instead, it helps to maintain blood glucose levels during periods of fasting or low blood sugar. Therefore, the statement that glucagon can influence the brain to stimulate a sensation of hunger is not true.