Hematology And Clotting Studies

Platelets are small cell fragments in the blood that play a crucial role in clotting. When blood vessels are damaged, platelets are activated and form a plug at the site of injury, preventing excessive bleeding. This process is known as clotting or coagulation. Platelets release various substances that promote clot formation, including clotting factors and chemicals that attract more platelets to the site. Therefore, the correct answer explains the main use of platelets, which is to assist with clotting when blood vessels are damaged.

APTT stands for Activated Partial Thromboplastic Time. This is a laboratory test that measures the time it takes for blood to clot. It is used to evaluate the effectiveness of the intrinsic pathway of the coagulation cascade and to monitor patients on anticoagulant therapy. The other options provided do not accurately represent the acronym APTT and are unrelated to clotting studies.

Hemoglobin (hB) is the major constituent of red blood cells (RBC) and is responsible for the transportation of oxygen (O2) throughout the body. It binds with oxygen in the lungs and releases it to the tissues. A lack of vitamin B12 can lead to anemia, which is characterized by a decrease in the number of red blood cells. Conversely, a raised level of hemoglobin can indicate polycythemia, which is an adaptive response to chronic hypoxia where the body produces more red blood cells to compensate for the low oxygen levels.

The normal range for platelets is 150 - 400 (x10 (9) / L). This means that a healthy individual should have a platelet count within this range. Platelets are important for blood clotting and maintaining normal hemostasis in the body. If the platelet count falls below this range, it may indicate a condition called thrombocytopenia, which can lead to excessive bleeding and bruising. On the other hand, if the platelet count exceeds this range, it may suggest a condition called thrombocytosis, which can increase the risk of blood clots. Therefore, the correct answer is 150 - 400 (x10 (9) / L).

White cell count is a main indicator of the immune system's functionality. An increased white cell count typically suggests the presence of an infection, as the immune system produces more white blood cells to fight off the invading pathogens. On the other hand, a decreased white cell count may indicate dysfunction in the bone marrow, which is responsible for producing white blood cells. The fact that white blood cells are white is irrelevant to their main use in assessing immune system health.

The correct answer is 3.7 - 9.5 (x10 (9) / L). This range represents the normal white cell count in the blood, measured in billions per liter. White cell count is an important indicator of the body's immune system and can help diagnose infections, inflammation, and other medical conditions. A count below or above this range may indicate an abnormality and require further investigation.

The correct answer is 30 - 40 secs. APTT (Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time) is a test used to measure the time it takes for blood to clot. The normal range for APTT is typically between 30 and 40 seconds. This range indicates that the clotting process is functioning properly. If the APTT value is shorter or longer than this range, it may suggest a bleeding or clotting disorder. Therefore, the time for APTT coagulation clot formation is 30 - 40 seconds.

The international normalized ratio (INR) is a standardized measurement of blood clotting time. A normal range for INR is important to monitor the effectiveness of anticoagulant therapy, such as warfarin. The correct answer, 0.9 - 1.1, falls within the normal range for INR. This range indicates that the blood is clotting within the expected timeframe, neither too quickly nor too slowly.

The normal range of Hb for men is 14 - 16 g/dl. This range represents the typical levels of hemoglobin, a protein found in red blood cells that carries oxygen throughout the body, in the blood of adult men. Hemoglobin levels outside of this range may indicate certain medical conditions or abnormalities.

The normal range of Hb (hemoglobin) for women is 12 - 14 g/Dl. Hemoglobin is a protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen throughout the body. This range is considered normal for women and indicates a healthy level of hemoglobin in the blood.