Food And Nutrition 3rd Edition: Chapter 14 Trivia Quiz

1.

Which person is most likely to have the highest BMR?
- A.
  
  Male jockey on a starvation diet
- B.
  
  Overweight grandmother with an under-active thyroid
- C.
  
  Stocky adolescent football player with a broken leg
- D.
  
  Over-worked housewife addicted to coffee
- E.
  
  Adolescent female who is a chronic smoker
Correct Answer
C. Stocky adolescent football player with a broken leg

Explanation
A person's Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) is the amount of energy their body needs to perform basic functions while at rest. The stocky adolescent football player with a broken leg is most likely to have the highest BMR because their body requires more energy to repair the broken leg and maintain muscle mass. The body's metabolic rate increases during times of injury or recovery, resulting in a higher BMR. The other options, such as the jockey on a starvation diet or the overweight grandmother with an under-active thyroid, may have lower BMRs due to their respective conditions.

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2.

Which of the following factors has the least impact on BMR?
- A.
  
  High protein intake
- B.
  
  Body size
- C.
  
  Fasting
- D.
  
  Infection
- E.
  
  Body fat
Correct Answer
A. High protein intake

Explanation
High protein intake has the least impact on BMR because the body requires more energy to digest and metabolize protein compared to carbohydrates and fats. This is known as the thermic effect of food. Therefore, consuming a high protein diet can slightly increase BMR. On the other hand, factors like body size, fasting, infection, and body fat can significantly affect BMR. Body size affects BMR because larger bodies require more energy to maintain basic bodily functions. Fasting can decrease BMR as the body conserves energy during periods of food scarcity. Infection can increase BMR due to the immune response. Body fat can also impact BMR as it requires less energy to maintain compared to lean muscle mass.

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3.

Most energy expenditures for Australian males would be in the range of:
- A.
  
  4 – 7MJ/day
- B.
  
  7 – 9.5 MJ/day
- C.
  
  9 – 11 MJ/day
- D.
  
  11.5 – 14 MJ/day
- E.
  
  15 – 20 MJ/day
Correct Answer
D. 11.5 – 14 MJ/day

Explanation
The correct answer is 11.5 – 14 MJ/day. This range is the most likely energy expenditure for Australian males. It falls within the higher end of the options provided, indicating that Australian males typically have higher energy needs. This could be due to factors such as higher levels of physical activity or larger body size.

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4.

Which of the following foods has the greatest energy density i.e. energy content per 100g?
- A.
  
  Full cream milk
- B.
  
  Fruit cake
- C.
  
  Avocado
- D.
  
  Monounsaturated salad oil
- E.
  
  Sugar
Correct Answer
D. Monounsaturated salad oil

Explanation
Monounsaturated salad oil has the greatest energy density among the given options. This is because oils, in general, have a higher energy content compared to other food groups. Monounsaturated salad oil is rich in healthy fats, which provide 9 calories per gram, making it a dense source of energy. In contrast, full cream milk, fruit cake, avocado, and sugar have lower energy densities due to their composition of water, fiber, and other nutrients.

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5.

If 50% of the energy from a 9000kJ western diet is from carbohydrate, approximately how many grams of carbohydrate are provided by the diet?
- A.
  
  120g
- B.
  
  280g
- C.
  
  560g
- D.
  
  775g
- E.
  
  1125g
Correct Answer
B. 280g

Explanation
The question asks for the approximate amount of grams of carbohydrate provided by a 9000kJ western diet, where 50% of the energy comes from carbohydrates. To find this, we need to calculate 50% of 9000kJ, which is 4500kJ. Since 1 gram of carbohydrate provides approximately 17kJ of energy, we can divide 4500kJ by 17kJ to find the approximate amount of grams of carbohydrate. This calculation gives us approximately 264.7g. Therefore, the closest answer choice to this calculation is 280g.

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6.

In comparison to actual intakes, estimation of food energy intakes from diet histories and food records usually:
- A.
  
  Are highly accurate
- B.
  
  Underestimate actual intake
- C.
  
  Overestimate fat intake
- D.
  
  Reflect normal behaviour
- E.
  
  None of the above
Correct Answer
B. Underestimate actual intake

Explanation
The estimation of food energy intakes from diet histories and food records usually underestimates actual intake. This means that the estimated intake is lower than the actual amount of food energy consumed.

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7.

Which method to determine energy expenditure is useful as it can be done over a two week period and has minimal effect on normal behaviour?
- A.
  
  Double-labelled water
- B.
  
  Direct calorimetry
- C.
  
  Indirect calorimetry
- D.
  
  Thermogenesis
- E.
  
  Bomb calorimetry
Correct Answer
A. Double-labelled water

Explanation
Double-labelled water is a method to determine energy expenditure that involves the administration of water containing isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen. These isotopes are then eliminated from the body through urine and sweat, and their rates of elimination can be used to calculate energy expenditure. This method is useful as it can be done over a two week period, allowing for a longer-term assessment of energy expenditure, and it has minimal effect on normal behavior as it does not require any special conditions or restrictions on the participant.

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8.

These factors are incorporated into the Schofield equation to estimate basal metabolic rate:
- A.
  
  Age, body surface area, gender
- B.
  
  Gender, height, weight
- C.
  
  Gender, age, weight
- D.
  
  Physical activity, weight, gender
- E.
  
  Physical activity, body surface area, age
Correct Answer
C. Gender, age, weight

Explanation
The Schofield equation is used to estimate basal metabolic rate (BMR), which is the amount of energy expended by the body at rest. BMR is influenced by various factors, including gender, age, and weight. Gender is an important factor as men generally have a higher BMR than women due to differences in body composition and hormone levels. Age also affects BMR, as it tends to decrease with age due to a decrease in muscle mass and a decrease in metabolic activity. Weight is another important factor as larger individuals generally have a higher BMR due to the increased energy required to maintain their body mass.

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9.

The Atwater factors for protein, fat, carbohydrate and alcohol are respectively:
- A.
  
  17, 16, 27, 37
- B.
  
  37, 17, 16, 27
- C.
  
  37, 17, 27, 16
- D.
  
  17, 27, 16, 37
- E.
  
  17, 37, 16, 27
Correct Answer
E. 17, 37, 16, 27

Explanation
The Atwater factors are used to estimate the energy content of different macronutrients. The correct answer is 17, 37, 16, 27. This means that protein provides 17 calories per gram, fat provides 37 calories per gram, carbohydrates provide 16 calories per gram, and alcohol provides 27 calories per gram. These factors are used in calculating the total energy content of a food or diet based on the amounts of these macronutrients present.

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10.

The hormone thought mostly responsible for long term control of body energy reserves stored as triglyceride is:
- A.
  
  Cholecystokinin
- B.
  
  Leptin
- C.
  
  Serotonin
- D.
  
  Growth hormone
- E.
  
  Aldosterone
Correct Answer
B. Leptin

Explanation
Leptin is the correct answer because it is a hormone that is primarily responsible for regulating energy balance by inhibiting hunger and promoting satiety. It is produced by adipose tissue and acts on the hypothalamus to regulate appetite and metabolism. Leptin levels increase with the amount of body fat, signaling to the brain that energy stores are sufficient and reducing appetite. Therefore, leptin plays a crucial role in the long-term control of body energy reserves stored as triglycerides.

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11.

One kilocalorie is equivalent to:
- A.
  
  1 kilojoule
- B.
  
  1.48 kilojoules
- C.
  
  2.48 kilojoules
- D.
  
  4.19 kilojoules
- E.
  
  8.24 kilojoules
Correct Answer
D. 4.19 kilojoules

Explanation
One kilocalorie is equivalent to 4.19 kilojoules. This conversion factor is based on the relationship between calories and joules, where 1 calorie is equal to 4.19 joules. Therefore, when converting from kilocalories to kilojoules, we multiply the number of kilocalories by 4.19.

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Food And Nutrition 3rd Edition: Chapter 14 Trivia Quiz

Which person is most likely to have the highest BMR?

Which of the following factors has the least impact on BMR?

Most energy expenditures for Australian males would be in the range of:

Which of the following foods has the greatest energy density i.e. energy content per 100g?

If 50% of the energy from a 9000kJ western diet is from carbohydrate, approximately how many grams of carbohydrate are provided by the diet?

In comparison to actual intakes, estimation of food energy intakes from diet histories and food records usually:

Which method to determine energy expenditure is useful as it can be done over a two week period and has minimal effect on normal behaviour?

These factors are incorporated into the Schofield equation to estimate basal metabolic rate:

The Atwater factors for protein, fat, carbohydrate and alcohol are respectively:

The hormone thought mostly responsible for long term control of body energy reserves stored as triglyceride is:

One kilocalorie is equivalent to: