Toughest Trivia Questions Quiz On Fitness!

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1. When stress levels reach mental, emotional, and physiological limits:

Explanation

When stress levels reach mental, emotional, and physiological limits, it can have negative effects on our health. Excessive stress can weaken the immune system, increase blood pressure, and disrupt normal bodily functions, making us more susceptible to various diseases. Therefore, when stress reaches its limits, it is likely that diseases may develop as a result of the detrimental impact of stress on our overall well-being.

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Toughest Trivia Questions Quiz On Fitness! - Quiz

This is the toughest trivia questions quiz on fitness you will ever come across. It is designed for qualified practitioner as a way of assessing their skills and their ability to deliver the best when it comes to their clients. Do you think you have what it takes to tackle... see moreit? How about you give it a try and see if you need a refresher course. see less

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2. About 70 percent of people who died with AIDS were in this age-group:

Explanation

The correct answer is 25 to 44 years old. This age group had the highest number of people who died with AIDS. This is likely because this age group is sexually active and may engage in risky behaviors that increase their chances of contracting the virus. Additionally, this age group may have been exposed to the virus during the height of the AIDS epidemic in the 1980s and 1990s.

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3. Cancer results from:

Explanation

Cancer results from cell division problems. Cancer occurs when cells divide uncontrollably, leading to the formation of a tumor. This uncontrolled cell division can be caused by various factors such as genetic mutations, exposure to carcinogens, or problems with the cell's regulatory mechanisms. These cell division problems disrupt the normal balance between cell growth and cell death, leading to the development of cancerous cells.

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4. The most deadly types of skin cancer.

Explanation

Melanoma is the most deadly type of skin cancer. It arises from the melanocytes, which are the pigment-producing cells in the skin. Melanoma is known for its ability to spread to other parts of the body, making it more difficult to treat. It is important to detect melanoma early through regular skin checks and to protect the skin from harmful UV radiation to reduce the risk of developing this deadly form of cancer.

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5. Being laid-back and easy-going are descriptors of Type ___ individuals.

Explanation

Being laid-back and easy-going are descriptors of Type B individuals. Type B personality traits are characterized by being relaxed, patient, and less competitive compared to Type A individuals. They tend to have a more laid-back approach to life and are less prone to stress and aggression. Type B individuals are often seen as easy-going and are more likely to take things in stride.

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6. Being overly aggressive and sometimes hostile are descriptors of Type ___ individuals.

Explanation

Being overly aggressive and sometimes hostile are descriptors of Type A individuals. Type A personality is characterized by competitiveness, impatience, and a sense of urgency. They are often driven, ambitious, and have a strong desire to achieve their goals. This personality type is known for being highly focused, but it can also lead to aggression and hostility when faced with obstacles or perceived threats. Type A individuals tend to be more prone to stress and have a higher risk of developing certain health issues due to their intense and demanding nature.

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7. As a stress management technique, exercise increases:

Explanation

Exercise has been shown to have numerous benefits for mental health, including stress management. Regular physical activity can help increase self-discipline by promoting a sense of structure and routine in one's life. Engaging in exercise requires commitment, motivation, and consistency, all of which contribute to developing self-discipline. Additionally, exercise releases endorphins, which are natural mood boosters, helping to reduce stress and improve overall well-being. Therefore, exercise can be an effective stress management technique that enhances self-discipline.

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8. More fat is lost using

Explanation

The combination of exercise and moderately restricting calorie intake is effective for losing more fat. Exercise helps to burn calories and increase metabolism, while calorie restriction creates a calorie deficit, forcing the body to use stored fat for energy. This approach allows for a balanced and sustainable weight loss, as it promotes both fat loss and muscle maintenance. Additionally, by moderately restricting calorie intake, individuals can still consume enough nutrients to support their body's needs while creating a calorie deficit for weight loss.

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9. Cellular resistance to insulin.

Explanation

Metabolic syndrome refers to a cluster of conditions that increase the risk of heart disease, stroke, and diabetes. It is characterized by a combination of factors such as high blood pressure, high blood sugar levels, excess body fat around the waist, and abnormal cholesterol or triglyceride levels. Insulin resistance, which is a hallmark of metabolic syndrome, occurs when cells in the body do not respond properly to insulin, leading to high blood sugar levels. Therefore, cellular resistance to insulin is a key component of metabolic syndrome.

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10. Greater risk for disease has been found for Type ___ individuals.

Explanation

Individuals with Type A blood have been found to have a greater risk for certain diseases compared to individuals with other blood types. This is because Type A blood contains specific antigens on the surface of red blood cells that can trigger immune responses and inflammation in the body. These immune responses and inflammation may increase the risk of developing certain diseases, such as cardiovascular disease and certain types of cancer.

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11. The average life expectancy for a chronic smoker is ___ years less than for a nonsmoker.

Explanation

Chronic smokers have a significantly lower life expectancy compared to nonsmokers due to the detrimental effects of smoking on their health. The habit of smoking increases the risk of developing various serious health conditions such as lung cancer, heart disease, stroke, and respiratory diseases. These conditions can significantly shorten a smoker's lifespan by an average of 15 years compared to a nonsmoker. The harmful chemicals present in cigarettes and the damage caused by long-term smoking contribute to a reduced life expectancy for chronic smokers.

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12. Will main energy balance for healthy and moderately active adult

Explanation

EER (Estimated Energy Requirement) is the correct answer because it refers to the amount of energy needed by an individual to maintain their current body weight and activity level. It takes into account factors such as age, gender, weight, height, and activity level to estimate the daily calorie intake required. This is important for a healthy and moderately active adult as it helps in maintaining a balanced energy intake and preventing weight gain or loss.

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13. In the heat, 6-8 ounces of fluids should be consumed every ___ minutes.

Explanation

In the heat, it is important to stay hydrated by consuming fluids regularly. The correct answer of 15-20 minutes suggests that every 15-20 minutes, 6-8 ounces of fluids should be consumed. This frequency allows for a consistent intake of fluids to prevent dehydration and maintain proper hydration levels in hot conditions.

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14. Positive stress is also referred to as:

Explanation

Eustress refers to positive stress, which can be beneficial and motivating. It is a type of stress that helps individuals perform at their best and achieve their goals. Unlike distress, which is negative stress that can be harmful and overwhelming, eustress promotes growth and resilience. Therefore, eustress is the correct answer in this case.

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15. The "bad" cholesterol

Explanation

LDL, also known as "bad" cholesterol, is the correct answer because it is a type of lipoprotein that carries cholesterol from the liver to the rest of the body. High levels of LDL can lead to the buildup of plaque in the arteries, increasing the risk of heart disease and stroke. LDL is often referred to as "bad" cholesterol because it contributes to the development of these health issues.

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16. According to the GAS, exhaustion from stress occurs when:

Explanation

Exhaustion from stress occurs when body resources are insufficient. This means that when a person is exposed to prolonged or chronic stress, their body's resources, such as energy and resilience, become depleted. This can lead to physical and emotional exhaustion, as well as a decrease in overall functioning. When the body's resources are insufficient, the individual may experience burnout, decreased immune function, and an increased risk for various health problems. Therefore, this answer accurately reflects the concept of exhaustion in the General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) model.

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17. A bad time to exercise is:

Explanation

Exercising during a hot and humid day can be dangerous as it can lead to dehydration, heat exhaustion, and even heatstroke. When the weather is hot and humid, the body has a harder time cooling down, and sweating may not be enough to regulate body temperature. This can put excessive strain on the cardiovascular system and increase the risk of heat-related illnesses. It is advisable to exercise during cooler times of the day or in air-conditioned environments to ensure safety and prevent any potential health risks.

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18. HIV is not thought to be transmitted by ___ of the infected person.

Explanation

HIV is not thought to be transmitted through perspiration because the virus is primarily transmitted through specific bodily fluids such as blood, semen, vaginal secretions, and maternal milk. Perspiration, also known as sweat, is mainly composed of water and electrolytes and does not typically contain enough of the virus to transmit HIV. Therefore, direct contact with perspiration from an infected person is not considered a significant mode of HIV transmission.

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19. Water is:

Explanation

Water is indeed all of these things. It makes up about 75-80% of our total body weight, is present in almost all foods, and plays a crucial role in rebuilding cells. Additionally, water is considered the most important nutrient for our bodies as it is involved in various vital functions such as digestion, absorption, circulation, and temperature regulation.

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20. A common symptom of stress.

Explanation

Depression is a common symptom of stress. When a person is under prolonged stress, it can lead to feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and a loss of interest in activities they once enjoyed. These symptoms are characteristic of depression. Stress can trigger chemical imbalances in the brain, affecting mood and overall mental well-being. Therefore, it is not uncommon for individuals experiencing chronic stress to develop symptoms of depression.

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21. Protein-iron compound in red blood cells that transports oxygen in the blood.

Explanation

Hemoglobin is the correct answer because it is a protein-iron compound found in red blood cells that is responsible for transporting oxygen in the blood. It binds to oxygen in the lungs and carries it to various tissues and organs throughout the body. Hemoglobin also helps in the removal of carbon dioxide, a waste product, from the body.

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22. The "good" Cholesterol

Explanation

High-density lipoprotein (HDL) is often referred to as the "good" cholesterol because it helps remove low-density lipoprotein (LDL), or "bad" cholesterol, from the bloodstream. HDL carries cholesterol back to the liver, where it can be broken down and eliminated from the body. Having high levels of HDL is associated with a reduced risk of heart disease and stroke. Conversely, low levels of HDL are considered a risk factor for cardiovascular problems. Therefore, HDL is considered beneficial for overall cardiovascular health.

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23. If a stressor cannot be removed, the next best coping strategy to reduce distress is to ___ the stressor.

Explanation

When a stressor cannot be removed, changing one's perception of the stressor can be an effective coping strategy. By altering the way one views and interprets the stressor, they can potentially reduce the distress associated with it. This approach involves reframing the situation and finding a more positive or constructive perspective. It allows individuals to focus on potential benefits or opportunities that may arise from the stressor, rather than solely dwelling on the negative aspects. By changing their perception, individuals can regain a sense of control and resilience in the face of the stressor.

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24. Marijuana effects include:

Explanation

Marijuana use has been found to have negative effects on memory. It can impair short-term memory, making it difficult to remember recent events or information. This is due to the way marijuana affects the brain's hippocampus, which is responsible for forming new memories. Long-term use of marijuana can also lead to structural changes in the brain, further impacting memory function. Therefore, out of the given options, memory impairments is the correct answer.

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25. Obesity if defined as a body mass index equal to or above:

Explanation

Obesity is defined as a body mass index (BMI) equal to or above 30. BMI is calculated by dividing a person's weight in kilograms by the square of their height in meters. A BMI of 30 or higher indicates that a person has excess body fat, which can increase the risk of various health problems such as heart disease, diabetes, and certain types of cancer. Therefore, the correct answer is 30.

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26. Low bone mass.

Explanation

Osteopenia refers to a condition where bone mineral density is lower than normal, but not low enough to be classified as osteoporosis. It is often considered a precursor to osteoporosis. This condition can increase the risk of fractures and is commonly found in postmenopausal women due to decreased estrogen levels. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) may be used to prevent or treat osteopenia by supplementing estrogen levels. The other terms mentioned, such as hemoglobin and DOMS (Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness), are unrelated to osteopenia.

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27. The body attempts to maintain this equilibrium by reacting to external forces.

Explanation

Homeostasis refers to the body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment despite changes in the external environment. It involves various physiological processes that help regulate body temperature, blood pressure, pH levels, and other vital functions. The statement suggests that the body reacts to external forces in order to maintain this equilibrium, which aligns with the concept of homeostasis. Perfectionism, depression, gas, and resistance do not directly relate to the body's ability to maintain equilibrium in response to external forces.

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28. The purpose of meditation is not to:

Explanation

Meditation is a practice that aims to achieve a state of calm and mindfulness. It involves focusing on the present moment and clearing the mind of distractions. The purpose of meditation is not to concentrate on the time left in the session, but rather to let go of thoughts and stressors, bring about physical and mental benefits, and achieve a state of relaxation and clarity. Concentrating on the time left in the session would only serve as a distraction and hinder the meditative experience.

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29. An increased risk for CHD has been established in people with low levels of:

Explanation

Low levels of HDL-cholesterol have been associated with an increased risk for coronary heart disease (CHD). HDL-cholesterol is often referred to as "good cholesterol" because it helps remove excess cholesterol from the bloodstream and carries it back to the liver for processing and elimination. Low levels of HDL-cholesterol can lead to the accumulation of cholesterol in the arteries, increasing the risk of plaque formation and blockage, which can ultimately lead to CHD. Therefore, individuals with low levels of HDL-cholesterol are at a higher risk for developing CHD.

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30. Type II Diabetes is:

Explanation

Type II Diabetes is associated with obesity because obesity is a major risk factor for developing this type of diabetes. When a person is obese, their body becomes resistant to the effects of insulin, a hormone that helps regulate blood sugar levels. This insulin resistance can lead to high blood sugar levels and eventually result in the development of Type II Diabetes. Therefore, maintaining a healthy weight and lifestyle is crucial in preventing and managing this condition.

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31. Bulging fat cells in a specific region of the body

Explanation

Cellulite refers to the bulging fat cells in a specific region of the body. It is a condition where the skin appears dimpled or lumpy due to the underlying fat deposits. Cellulite is commonly found on the thighs, buttocks, and abdomen. It is caused by a combination of factors such as genetics, hormones, poor circulation, and lifestyle. Despite popular belief, spot reducing exercises or treatments cannot effectively eliminate cellulite.

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32. How long should a person wait to exercise after eating a meal?

Explanation

Exercising immediately after a meal can lead to discomfort and digestive issues as the body needs time to digest the food. Waiting for at least 2 hours allows the stomach to empty and digestion to begin. This time frame ensures that the body has enough energy from the meal to sustain the workout while minimizing the risk of cramps or other complications.

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33. Which of the following is NOT a risk factor of coronary heart disease:

Explanation

Physical activity is not a risk factor for coronary heart disease. In fact, regular physical activity is known to have numerous health benefits, including reducing the risk of heart disease. Engaging in regular exercise helps to maintain a healthy weight, lower blood pressure, and improve overall cardiovascular health. Therefore, physical activity should be encouraged as a preventive measure against coronary heart disease.

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34. An abnormal cholesterol profile contributes directly to:

Explanation

An abnormal cholesterol profile refers to having high levels of LDL (low-density lipoprotein) cholesterol and low levels of HDL (high-density lipoprotein) cholesterol. This imbalance can lead to the accumulation of cholesterol in the arteries, causing atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is the build-up of plaque in the artery walls, narrowing and hardening them, which can eventually lead to heart attacks, strokes, and other cardiovascular diseases.

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35. Stage of effective coping with the challenge of a stressor.

Explanation

Resistance is the stage of effective coping with the challenge of a stressor. During this stage, individuals actively work to adapt and overcome the stressor. They employ various strategies such as problem-solving, seeking support, and using healthy coping mechanisms to manage the stress. This stage is characterized by resilience and a sense of control over the situation. It is an important phase in the stress response, as it allows individuals to maintain their well-being and prevent the stressor from causing further harm.

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36. The stress response does not occur unless the:

Explanation

The stress response is a physiological reaction that occurs in the body when it perceives a stressor. This perception triggers the release of stress hormones, such as catecholamines, from the hypothalamus into the blood. These hormones then activate the sympathetic nervous system through the pituitary gland. The internal body changes, such as increased heart rate and blood pressure, are part of the body's preparation for the fight or flight response. Therefore, the stress response does not occur unless the individual perceives a stressor.

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37. Alcohol intake stimulates:

Explanation

Alcohol intake stimulates risk-taking behavior. When a person consumes alcohol, it affects the brain's inhibitory control, impairing judgment and decision-making abilities. This leads to increased impulsivity and a decreased perception of risks, resulting in individuals engaging in risky behaviors they may not normally consider when sober. This can include activities such as drunk driving, unsafe sexual practices, or participating in dangerous activities.

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38. You should not exercise if you have a:

Explanation

Exercising with a hacking cough can worsen the symptoms and lead to further irritation in the throat and lungs. It can also strain the respiratory system, making it difficult to breathe properly during physical activity. Therefore, it is advisable to avoid exercising if you have a hacking cough in order to allow the body to rest and recover.

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39. A common time killer.

Explanation

Perfectionism is a common time killer because individuals who strive for perfection often spend excessive amounts of time on tasks, constantly seeking to achieve flawless results. This can lead to delays in completing projects or tasks, as well as increased stress and anxiety. Perfectionists may also struggle with prioritizing tasks and making decisions, further contributing to time wasting. Overall, perfectionism can be a hindrance to productivity and efficient time management.

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40. Resting blood cholesterol can be raised by:

Explanation

Consuming hydrogenated vegetable oils can raise resting blood cholesterol levels because these oils contain trans fats. Trans fats increase LDL (bad) cholesterol and decrease HDL (good) cholesterol, leading to an overall increase in total cholesterol levels. This is why the consumption of hydrogenated vegetable oils, which are commonly found in processed and fried foods, is associated with an increased risk of heart disease.

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41. Heroin:

Explanation

Heroin is usually combined with dangerous additives. This means that the drug is often mixed with other substances, such as fentanyl or other opioids, which can increase the risk of overdose and other negative health effects. These additives can make the drug more potent and unpredictable, leading to a higher likelihood of serious harm or even death. It is important to note that heroin itself is a depressant, not a stimulant, and it can have severe consequences for both the user and their unborn child if used during pregnancy.

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42. Not possible for body fat

Explanation

Spot reducing refers to the belief that targeting specific areas of the body with exercise or specific exercises can result in fat loss in those areas. However, this is a misconception as spot reducing is not possible for body fat. When the body loses fat, it does so in a more overall and systematic manner, rather than targeting specific areas. Therefore, spot reducing is not an effective method for losing body fat.

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43. Methamphetamine effects include:

Explanation

Methamphetamine is a highly addictive stimulant that affects the central nervous system. It increases the release and blocks the reuptake of dopamine, leading to intense feelings of euphoria and increased energy. However, it can also cause severe side effects, including violent behavior. Methamphetamine can induce paranoia, aggression, and impulsivity, which can result in aggressive and violent actions towards oneself or others. This is a dangerous and concerning effect of methamphetamine use, highlighting the significant risks associated with its abuse.

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44. The American Social Health Association states that ___ percent of all Americans will acquire at least one STI in their lifetime.

Explanation

According to the American Social Health Association, 25% of all Americans will acquire at least one sexually transmitted infection (STI) in their lifetime. This statistic suggests that a significant portion of the population is at risk of contracting an STI at some point in their lives. It highlights the importance of practicing safe sex, getting tested regularly, and seeking appropriate treatment if necessary.

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45. How quickly will a person lose 4 weeks cardiovascular benefits if they stop training?

Explanation

If a person stops training, they will start losing their cardiovascular benefits within a couple of weeks. This suggests that the body's adaptation to exercise begins to decline after a relatively short period of inactivity. While they may not lose all of the benefits gained from 4 weeks of training, the decline starts to occur within a couple of weeks.

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46. Heat exhaustion is:

Explanation

Heat exhaustion is a condition that occurs when the body overheats due to prolonged exposure to high temperatures. It is characterized by symptoms such as heavy sweating, rapid pulse, dizziness, nausea, and clammy skin. Clammy skin refers to skin that feels cool and moist, often accompanied by a pale or flushed appearance. This is a common symptom of heat exhaustion and is caused by the body's attempt to cool down by producing sweat.

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47. Exercise in the cold may present the problem of:

Explanation

Exercise in the cold can cause the body to lose heat faster than it can produce it, leading to a drop in body temperature. This condition is known as hypothermia. Symptoms of hypothermia include shivering, confusion, fatigue, and loss of coordination. If left untreated, it can be life-threatening. Therefore, it is important to dress appropriately and take precautions when exercising in cold weather to prevent the risk of hypothermia.

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48. Breathing exercises to reduce stress do not include:

Explanation

Breathing exercises are often used as a relaxation technique to reduce stress. Breathing through the nose, complete natural breathing, deep breathing, and sighing are all commonly practiced techniques that help to calm the mind and body. However, rapid breathing is not a recommended method for stress reduction as it can actually increase feelings of anxiety and tension. Rapid breathing is often associated with hyperventilation and can lead to symptoms such as dizziness, lightheadedness, and shortness of breath. Therefore, it is not included in breathing exercises aimed at reducing stress.

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49. The minimum required to sustain life

Explanation

Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) refers to the minimum amount of energy required to sustain basic bodily functions at rest. It represents the number of calories needed by an individual to maintain vital functions such as breathing, circulation, and cell production. BMR is influenced by factors such as age, gender, weight, and muscle mass. It is an important measure in determining daily caloric needs for weight management and overall health. The other options, including Set Point BMR, Spot Reducing, Cellulite, and EER (Estimated Energy Requirement), do not accurately describe the concept of the minimum energy required to sustain life.

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50. The National Academy of Sciences states that __________ percent of the calories should come from fats in a well-balanced diet.

Explanation

The National Academy of Sciences recommends that 20-35 percent of the calories in a well-balanced diet should come from fats. This range ensures that the body receives enough essential fatty acids and fat-soluble vitamins, while also maintaining a healthy balance of other nutrients. Consuming too little fat can lead to deficiencies, while consuming too much can contribute to weight gain and health issues. Therefore, it is important to aim for the recommended range of fat intake in order to support overall health and well-being.

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51. If swelling or inflammation is not increasing, heat therapy is usually begun after ___ hours.

Explanation

Heat therapy is typically initiated after 36-48 hours if swelling or inflammation is not increasing. This is because heat can help improve blood flow to the area, which can aid in reducing inflammation and promoting healing. Starting heat therapy too early may exacerbate swelling or inflammation, so waiting until the 36-48 hour mark allows for the initial acute phase of injury to subside before applying heat.

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52. Osteoporosis is:

Explanation

Osteoporosis is a condition that weakens the bones and makes them more prone to fractures. It is most prevalent in women and usually begins in a female's 20s. People who were calcium deficient at a young age are at a higher risk of developing osteoporosis. Additionally, heavy drinking and smoking have been linked to an increased risk of osteoporosis. Therefore, all of these factors contribute to the development of osteoporosis.

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53. Very low calorie diets usually:

Explanation

Very low calorie diets typically result in a reduction in basal metabolic rate (BMR), which is the amount of energy expended at rest. This reduction in BMR is a result of the body trying to conserve energy due to the limited calorie intake. As a result, the body burns fewer calories, making weight loss more difficult.

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54. Time management skills do not include:

Explanation

Time management skills involve various strategies and techniques to effectively utilize and prioritize one's time. Delegating work to others is a time management skill as it helps distribute tasks and responsibilities efficiently. Getting the job done right yourself is also a time management skill as it focuses on completing tasks accurately and efficiently. Rewarding yourself for good work is a way to motivate and maintain productivity. Saying "no" is a time management skill as it involves setting boundaries and prioritizing tasks. However, eliminating the chance of "overtimes" is not a time management skill as it refers to avoiding working beyond regular working hours, which is not directly related to managing time effectively.

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55. The narrowest of the following my pyramid band widths are:

Explanation

The correct answer is Meats & Beans. This is because the question asks for the narrowest band width, which refers to the food group that should be consumed in the smallest amount according to the My Pyramid guidelines. Meats & Beans are typically recommended to be consumed in smaller portions compared to other food groups such as Fruits, Grains, Milk, and Vegetables.

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56. A person who exercise and exhibit good lifestyle choices will:

Explanation

A person who exercises and exhibits good lifestyle choices will decrease their physiological age. This means that even though their chronological age may increase, their body will function and appear younger than their actual age. This is because regular exercise and healthy lifestyle choices can improve overall health, reduce the risk of chronic diseases, and slow down the aging process. Good genetics can play a role in determining one's health, but it is not the sole factor in decreasing physiological age.

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57. MDMA (Ecstasy) is not:

Explanation

MDMA (Ecstasy) is not classified as a depressant because it does not slow down the central nervous system or suppress brain activity. Instead, it is classified as a stimulant and a hallucinogen. MDMA increases the release of serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine, leading to increased energy, euphoria, and enhanced sensory perceptions. It is known for its empathogenic effects and is often associated with feelings of emotional openness and enhanced sociability. However, it is important to note that while MDMA may not be physically addictive, it can still lead to psychological dependence and potential negative consequences with repeated use.

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58. __ percent of cancer deaths have been attributed to obesity in us adults.

Explanation

Approximately 14-20 percent of cancer deaths have been attributed to obesity in US adults. This means that a significant portion of cancer-related deaths can be linked to obesity. Obesity is a known risk factor for various types of cancer, including breast, colorectal, and pancreatic cancer. It is important to address and manage obesity to reduce the risk of developing cancer and improve overall health outcomes.

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59. A reason why many female body builders appear so muscular is that they:

Explanation

The reason why many female body builders appear so muscular is likely due to a combination of factors. Firstly, some individuals may be born with a greater ability to develop larger muscles. Additionally, the use of anabolic steroids can enhance muscle growth and contribute to a more muscular appearance. Body builders also often employ special techniques, such as "pumping" up their muscles before a contest, to temporarily increase muscle size and definition. Lastly, intense training is a crucial factor in building and maintaining muscle mass. Therefore, all of these factors combined contribute to the muscular appearance of female body builders.

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60. The Harvard Alumni study indicated that expending___ calories per week in physical activity was the best for the prevention of cardiovascular disease.

Explanation

The Harvard Alumni study found that expending 2000 calories per week in physical activity was the most effective in preventing cardiovascular disease. This suggests that this level of physical activity provides the right amount of exercise to maintain cardiovascular health and reduce the risk of developing heart-related problems.

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61. The recommendations for apparently healthy pregnant women state that they should not:

Explanation

The correct answer is "do weight-bearing exercises." The recommendations for apparently healthy pregnant women state that they should not engage in weight-bearing exercises. Weight-bearing exercises involve activities that require the body to support its own weight, such as running or jumping. These types of exercises can put additional stress on the joints and may increase the risk of injury during pregnancy. It is important for pregnant women to choose low-impact exercises that are safe and do not pose a risk to their health or the health of the baby.

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62. The older adult can use exercise to:

Explanation

As people age, their physical abilities may decline, but regular exercise can help older adults improve their fitness levels. While it may take longer for older adults to see improvements compared to younger adults, they can still achieve similar levels of improvement with consistent exercise. Therefore, the correct answer is that older adults can improve as much as younger adults through exercise.

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63. Suggestions to release anger include:

Explanation

Seeing the anger source as a small irritation suggests that one should try to minimize the significance of the source of anger. By perceiving it as a minor annoyance, one can avoid letting anger escalate and maintain a calmer state of mind. This approach encourages a more rational and controlled response, helping to release anger in a healthier and less destructive manner.

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64. Regular strength training among the elderly has been show to:

Explanation

Regular strength training among the elderly has been shown to result in a 200% strength improvement. This means that engaging in strength training exercises on a regular basis can significantly increase the strength of older individuals. This is important because maintaining strength is crucial for maintaining functional independence and overall quality of life. Additionally, strength training can also have positive effects on mental well-being by boosting morale and reducing the risk of depression. Furthermore, studies have shown that older adults can experience hypertrophy, or muscle growth, similar to younger adults when engaging in regular strength training.

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65. One need not be suspicious of products that are associated with:

Explanation

Scientific journals are typically associated with credible and evidence-based research. They undergo a rigorous peer-review process to ensure the validity and accuracy of the information published. Therefore, there is no need to be suspicious of products that are associated with scientific journals, as they are likely to be backed by scientific evidence and reliable sources.

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66. The best concentration of glucose in a sport drink is:

Explanation

The best concentration of glucose in a sport drink is 6 to 8 percent. This concentration provides enough glucose to provide energy for the body during physical activity without causing digestive discomfort. Higher concentrations may lead to slower absorption and potential gastrointestinal issues, while lower concentrations may not provide enough fuel for sustained exercise. Therefore, a concentration of 6 to 8 percent is considered optimal for sports drinks.

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67. Common treatment modality to prevent bone loss after menopause.

Explanation

HRT stands for Hormone Replacement Therapy, which is a common treatment modality to prevent bone loss after menopause. During menopause, the levels of estrogen in a woman's body decrease, leading to a higher risk of osteoporosis and bone loss. HRT involves taking medications that contain estrogen and sometimes progestin to replace the hormones that the body is no longer producing. By replenishing these hormones, HRT helps to maintain bone density and reduce the risk of fractures and osteopenia, which is the precursor to osteoporosis.

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68. Healthy and successful people most often attribute success to:

Explanation

Healthy and successful people most often attribute success to smart work. This is because smart work involves working efficiently and effectively, utilizing resources and strategies to achieve goals in a shorter amount of time. It emphasizes prioritizing tasks, making informed decisions, and leveraging one's skills and knowledge. While hard work is important, smart work focuses on working smarter rather than harder, which can lead to greater productivity and success. Networking, personality type, and social position may play a role in certain circumstances, but smart work is generally seen as a key factor in achieving success.

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69. Which is not considered an antioxidant?

Explanation

Vitamin K is not considered an antioxidant because it does not possess the ability to neutralize free radicals or protect against oxidative stress. Antioxidants are substances that help prevent damage to cells caused by free radicals, unstable molecules that can lead to chronic diseases such as cancer and heart disease. Beta-carotene, Vitamin C, Vitamin E, and Selenium are all known antioxidants that can scavenge free radicals and protect the body from oxidative damage.

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70. Muscle cramps can be caused by:

Explanation

Muscle cramps can be caused by low electrolyte levels. Electrolytes, such as potassium, sodium, calcium, and magnesium, play a crucial role in muscle function and contraction. When the levels of these electrolytes are low, it can disrupt the balance and coordination of muscle groups, leading to muscle cramps. Adequate hydration is also important for maintaining electrolyte balance, but the answer specifically mentions low electrolyte levels rather than dehydration.

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71. Nearly___ percent of the 1 million basal cell and squamous cell skin cancers each year in the United States could have been prevented using sun protection.

Explanation

The given statement suggests that a high percentage of basal cell and squamous cell skin cancers in the United States could have been prevented by using sun protection. The correct answer is 90, indicating that almost 90% of these skin cancers could have been avoided with proper sun protection measures. This highlights the importance of protecting oneself from the harmful effects of the sun's UV rays to reduce the risk of developing skin cancer.

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72. The suggested lower limits of daily caloric consumption are __________ for men and __________ for women (respectively).

Explanation

The suggested lower limits of daily caloric consumption are 1,500 Calories for men and 1,200 Calories for women.

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73. Caused by eccentric muscle contraction.s

Explanation

DOMS stands for Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness. It is a condition characterized by muscle pain and stiffness that occurs 24 to 72 hours after intense or unaccustomed exercise. DOMS is caused by eccentric muscle contractions, which are when the muscle lengthens while under tension. This type of contraction puts more stress on the muscle fibers, leading to microscopic damage and inflammation. The body's response to this damage is what causes the pain and soreness associated with DOMS.

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74. It is usually recommended that running shoes be used until they:

Explanation

The correct answer is "wear out." This is because running shoes, like any other shoes, have a limited lifespan and will eventually deteriorate with use. As the shoes wear out, the cushioning, support, and traction they provide will diminish, which can lead to discomfort and an increased risk of injury. Therefore, it is recommended to replace running shoes once they have worn out to ensure optimal performance and reduce the risk of foot-related problems.

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75. Visual Imagery

Explanation

Visual imagery is a technique that involves using mental images to promote relaxation and improve overall well-being. It has been found to have various benefits, including improving circulation and increasing the delivery of antibodies. While it may not be viewed very positively by the health profession, it can be a helpful tool when performed correctly. Therefore, the correct answer is that visual imagery improves circulation and increases antibodies delivery.

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76. Of all of the deaths in the U.S.,___ percent are caused by cardiovascular disease and cancer and ___ could be prevented by following a healthy lifestyle.

Explanation

The given answer states that 59% of deaths in the U.S. are caused by cardiovascular disease and cancer, while 80% of these deaths could be prevented by following a healthy lifestyle. This implies that a significant portion of deaths in the country are attributed to these two diseases, and a large number of them could be avoided by adopting a healthy lifestyle.

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77. A study showed that after weight loss due to exercise, most people need to continue exercising __________ minutes each day to maintain the weight loss.

Explanation

The study indicated that in order to maintain weight loss after exercising, most people need to continue exercising for 60-90 minutes each day. This suggests that a higher duration of exercise is required to sustain the weight loss achieved through exercise.

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78. Essential for bone formation.

Explanation

Estrogen is essential for bone formation. It plays a crucial role in maintaining bone density and preventing osteoporosis. Estrogen helps in the absorption of calcium and other minerals necessary for bone health. It also regulates the activity of osteoblasts, the cells responsible for building new bone. Estrogen deficiency, such as during menopause, can lead to a decrease in bone density and an increased risk of fractures. Therefore, estrogen is necessary for maintaining strong and healthy bones.

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79. What percent of all dieters lose weight and also keep the weight off for a significant amount of time?

Explanation

The correct answer is 5. This means that only a small percentage of all dieters are able to successfully lose weight and maintain that weight loss for a significant period of time. This suggests that weight loss is a challenging and difficult task for most individuals, and that many people struggle to keep the weight off in the long term.

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80. Homocysteine is:

Explanation

Homocysteine is an amino acid found in the blood. It is reduced by folate, which is a B vitamin. Folate helps convert homocysteine into methionine, an essential amino acid. High levels of homocysteine in the blood are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases, such as heart disease and stroke. Therefore, reducing homocysteine levels through folate supplementation can help lower the risk of these conditions.

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81. Typical symptoms of binge-eating disorder do not include:

Explanation

The typical symptoms of binge-eating disorder include eating alone, eating much faster while on a binge, eating until uncomfortably full, and feeling disgusted or guilty after overeating. However, very low body weight is not a typical symptom of binge-eating disorder. This means that individuals with this disorder often have a normal or higher body weight, which distinguishes it from other eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa.

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82. __________ do not eat red meat but do eat fish, poultry, milk products, and eggs.

Explanation

Semivegetarians do not eat red meat but do consume fish, poultry, milk products, and eggs. This means that they follow a diet that is primarily plant-based, but they also include some animal products in their meals. Unlike vegans who avoid all animal products, semivegetarians have a more flexible approach and include certain animal products in their diet.

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83. In the United States, __ percent of the adults ages 20 and over are overweight.

Explanation

The correct answer is 66 because it is the highest percentage listed. This suggests that a majority of adults in the United States ages 20 and over are overweight.

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84. About 95% if successful ex-smokers have:

Explanation

The correct answer is quit on their own by quitting cold turkey or using self-help kits. This means that the majority of successful ex-smokers were able to quit smoking without the help of nicotine patches or gum, formal smoking cessation programs, or stopping on the first try. They were able to quit by relying on their own willpower and determination, either by quitting abruptly (cold turkey) or by using self-help kits that provide guidance and support.

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85. Fat Percentage based on heredity and the environment

Explanation

The term "Set Point BMR" refers to the basal metabolic rate (BMR) that the body naturally settles at in order to maintain its weight. This is determined by a combination of genetic factors and environmental influences. The set point BMR is the level at which the body's metabolism functions optimally, and any deviations from this set point can result in weight gain or loss. It is important to note that the set point BMR can vary from person to person, and it may be challenging to significantly alter this set point through diet or exercise alone.

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86. The mechanism which seems to regulate how much a person weighs is known as:

Explanation

The term "set-point" refers to the idea that the body has a predetermined weight range or set-point that it strives to maintain. This mechanism regulates how much a person weighs by adjusting metabolism, hunger, and other factors to keep the body within this range. It suggests that the body has a natural tendency to resist significant weight changes and works to restore weight to the set-point if it deviates too much. This concept helps explain why some people may find it difficult to lose or gain weight, as the body's set-point may resist these changes.

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87. Hear stroke:

Explanation

Heat stroke is a condition that occurs when the body overheats, usually as a result of prolonged exposure to high temperatures. It can lead to multiple symptoms, including muscle twitching, constipation, profuse sweating, and a weak pulse. However, out of these options, the correct answer is that heat stroke stimulates only a weak pulse. This means that the person's heart rate becomes weak and may not be able to pump blood effectively. If left untreated, heat stroke can be life-threatening and may result in death without proper medical help.

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88. A theoretical model of how the body responds to stress.

Explanation

Gas is the correct answer because it is a theoretical model of how the body responds to stress. The term "gas" stands for General Adaptation Syndrome, which was proposed by Hans Selye. According to this model, the body goes through three stages in response to stress: alarm, resistance, and exhaustion. The "gas" model suggests that the body mobilizes its resources to cope with stress in the resistance stage. This answer aligns with the given statement about a theoretical model of the body's response to stress.

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89. Molecules that can predict cardiovascular events.

Explanation

C-reactive proteins are molecules that can predict cardiovascular events. These proteins are produced by the liver in response to inflammation in the body. Elevated levels of C-reactive proteins have been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases such as heart attack and stroke. Therefore, measuring the levels of C-reactive proteins in the blood can help in identifying individuals who are at a higher risk of developing cardiovascular events.

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90. Delayed-onset muscle soreness is thought to be the result of:

Explanation

Delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS) refers to the pain and stiffness experienced in muscles after intense or unfamiliar exercise. It typically occurs 24 to 48 hours after exercise and is believed to be caused by microscopic tears in the muscle fibers. These tears result from the eccentric (lengthening) contractions that occur during certain types of exercise. The body's inflammatory response to these tears leads to the sensation of soreness. Connective tissue overstretching, fluid retention, muscle fatigue, and muscle spasms are not considered primary causes of DOMS.

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91. Progressive muscle relaxation should be done:

Explanation

Progressive muscle relaxation involves tensing and then relaxing different muscle groups in the body to reduce tension and promote relaxation. Paying attention to contraction intensity means being mindful of how tightly the muscles are being tensed during the exercise. This is important because the goal is to gradually increase the tension and then release it, allowing for a deeper state of relaxation. By focusing on the intensity of the contractions, individuals can ensure that they are effectively engaging their muscles and maximizing the benefits of the technique.

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92. Metabolic syndrome:

Explanation

Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of conditions that includes high blood pressure, high blood sugar levels, excess body fat around the waist, and abnormal cholesterol levels. One of the characteristics of metabolic syndrome is low levels of HDL-cholesterol, which is often referred to as "good" cholesterol. HDL-cholesterol helps remove LDL-cholesterol (bad cholesterol) from the arteries, reducing the risk of heart disease. Therefore, metabolic syndrome results in low HDL-cholesterol levels, contributing to an increased risk of cardiovascular problems.

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93. Tobacco use is responsible for an estimated ___ percent of lung cancer and accounts for more than ___ percent of all cancer deaths.

Explanation

Tobacco use is a major risk factor for lung cancer, and it is estimated to be responsible for 87% of all cases. Additionally, tobacco use is also a significant contributor to overall cancer mortality, accounting for 28% of all cancer deaths. This highlights the importance of tobacco control measures and smoking cessation efforts in reducing the burden of lung cancer and preventing cancer-related deaths.

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94. AIDS is thought to be:

Explanation

AIDS is caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which attacks and weakens the immune system. As a result, the body becomes unable to fight off infections and diseases, leading to the development of AIDS. This answer correctly states that AIDS is the result of a faulty immune system caused by HIV infection.

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95. The National Academy of Sciences states that __________ percent of the calories should come from carbohydrates in a well-balanced diet.

Explanation

The correct answer is 45-65. According to the National Academy of Sciences, a well-balanced diet should consist of 45-65 percent of calories from carbohydrates. This range ensures an adequate intake of energy and essential nutrients from carbohydrates, which are an important source of fuel for the body. Consuming carbohydrates within this range can help maintain a balanced diet and support overall health and well-being.

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96. ___ Percent of college-age women struggle with an eating disorder.

Explanation

40 percent of college-age women struggle with an eating disorder. This means that a significant proportion of women in this age group experience difficulties with their eating habits, body image, and overall relationship with food. Eating disorders can have serious physical and mental health consequences, and it is important to raise awareness and provide support for those affected.

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97. Not included in the list of undesirable side effects for bulimia nervosa is:

Explanation

The correct answer is Intestinal Cancer. This means that among the listed side effects for bulimia nervosa, intestinal cancer is not included. This suggests that bulimia nervosa does not typically cause or increase the risk of developing intestinal cancer.

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98. The total cost attributable to treating obesity-related diseases is estimated to be __________ per year.

Explanation

The total cost attributable to treating obesity-related diseases is estimated to be $100 billion per year. This indicates that the expenses associated with treating diseases caused by obesity amount to a significant amount annually. This highlights the economic burden that obesity places on healthcare systems and emphasizes the need for preventive measures and interventions to address this issue.

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99. The average daily caloric consumption was 3,100 Calories in the 1960s. It changed to __________ in the 1990s.

Explanation

The correct answer is 3,700. The question asks for the change in average daily caloric consumption from the 1960s to the 1990s. Since the average daily caloric consumption in the 1960s was 3,100 Calories, an increase of 600 Calories to 3,700 Calories in the 1990s represents the change.

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When stress levels reach mental, emotional, and physiological limits:
About 70 percent of people who died with AIDS were in this age-group:
Cancer results from:
The most deadly types of skin cancer.
Being laid-back and easy-going are descriptors of Type ___...
Being overly aggressive and sometimes hostile are descriptors of Type...
As a stress management technique, exercise increases:
More fat is lost using
Cellular resistance to insulin.
Greater risk for disease has been found for Type ___ individuals.
The average life expectancy for a chronic smoker is ___ years less...
Will main energy balance for healthy and moderately active adult
In the heat, 6-8 ounces of fluids should be consumed every ___...
Positive stress is also referred to as:
The "bad" cholesterol
According to the GAS, exhaustion from stress occurs when:
A bad time to exercise is:
HIV is not thought to be transmitted by ___ of the infected person.
Water is:
A common symptom of stress.
Protein-iron compound in red blood cells that transports oxygen in the...
The "good" Cholesterol
If a stressor cannot be removed, the next best coping strategy to...
Marijuana effects include:
Obesity if defined as a body mass index equal to or above:
Low bone mass.
The body attempts to maintain this equilibrium by reacting to external...
The purpose of meditation is not to:
An increased risk for CHD has been established in people with low...
Type II Diabetes is:
Bulging fat cells in a specific region of the body
How long should a person wait to exercise after eating a meal?
Which of the following is NOT a risk factor of coronary heart disease:
An abnormal cholesterol profile contributes directly to:
Stage of effective coping with the challenge of a stressor.
The stress response does not occur unless the:
Alcohol intake stimulates:
You should not exercise if you have a:
A common time killer.
Resting blood cholesterol can be raised by:
Heroin:
Not possible for body fat
Methamphetamine effects include:
The American Social Health Association states that ___ percent of all...
How quickly will a person lose 4 weeks cardiovascular benefits if they...
Heat exhaustion is:
Exercise in the cold may present the problem of:
Breathing exercises to reduce stress do not include:
The minimum required to sustain life
The National Academy of Sciences states that __________ percent of the...
If swelling or inflammation is not increasing, heat therapy is usually...
Osteoporosis is:
Very low calorie diets usually:
Time management skills do not include:
The narrowest of the following my pyramid band widths are:
A person who exercise and exhibit good lifestyle choices will:
MDMA (Ecstasy) is not:
__ percent of cancer deaths have been attributed to obesity in us...
A reason why many female body builders appear so muscular is that...
The Harvard Alumni study indicated that expending___ calories per week...
The recommendations for apparently healthy pregnant women state that...
The older adult can use exercise to:
Suggestions to release anger include:
Regular strength training among the elderly has been show to:
One need not be suspicious of products that are associated with:
The best concentration of glucose in a sport drink is:
Common treatment modality to prevent bone loss after menopause.
Healthy and successful people most often attribute success to:
Which is not considered an antioxidant?
Muscle cramps can be caused by:
Nearly___ percent of the 1 million basal cell and squamous cell skin...
The suggested lower limits of daily caloric consumption are __________...
Caused by eccentric muscle contraction.s
It is usually recommended that running shoes be used until they:
Visual Imagery
Of all of the deaths in the U.S.,___ percent are caused by...
A study showed that after weight loss due to exercise, most people...
Essential for bone formation.
What percent of all dieters lose weight and also keep the weight off...
Homocysteine is:
Typical symptoms of binge-eating disorder do not include:
__________ do not eat red meat but do eat fish, poultry, milk...
In the United States, __ percent of the adults ages 20 and over are...
About 95% if successful ex-smokers have:
Fat Percentage based on heredity and the environment
The mechanism which seems to regulate how much a person weighs is...
Hear stroke:
A theoretical model of how the body responds to stress.
Molecules that can predict cardiovascular events.
Delayed-onset muscle soreness is thought to be the result of:
Progressive muscle relaxation should be done:
Metabolic syndrome:
Tobacco use is responsible for an estimated ___ percent of lung cancer...
AIDS is thought to be:
The National Academy of Sciences states that __________ percent of the...
___ Percent of college-age women struggle with an eating disorder.
Not included in the list of undesirable side effects for bulimia...
The total cost attributable to treating obesity-related diseases is...
The average daily caloric consumption was 3,100 Calories in the 1960s....
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