DNA Study Guide For A Test

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  • 1/17 Questions

    As the helicase enzymes move along the DNA molecule, they break _______________between the bases, and the chains separate.

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About This Quiz

This DNA study guide is designed to help learners understand key concepts like DNA replication, nucleotide structure, and the molecular bases of DNA. It covers foundational knowledge in genetics, essential for students preparing for tests in biology.

DNA Study Guide For A Test - Quiz

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  • 2. 

    Suppose that the sequence of nucleotides in one chain of the original DNA molecule is A-T-T-C-C- G. DNA polymerases would produce a new nucleotide chain with the sequence of ____________________.

    Explanation
    DNA polymerases are enzymes responsible for synthesizing new DNA strands during replication. They do this by adding complementary nucleotides to each original strand. In this case, since the original strand has the sequence A-T-T-C-C-G, the complementary nucleotides would be T-A-A-G-G-C. Therefore, DNA polymerases would produce a new nucleotide chain with the sequence T-A-A-G-G-C.

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  • 3. 

    The process of DNA replication occurs with one error in every 10,000 paired nucleotides. A change in the nucleotide sequence at even one location, (_____________), may have serious effects on new cells.

    Explanation
    A mutation refers to a change in the nucleotide sequence of DNA. Even a single change in the nucleotide sequence, known as a mutation, can have serious effects on new cells. This is because mutations can alter the instructions encoded in DNA, leading to changes in protein structure or function. These changes can disrupt normal cellular processes and potentially result in genetic disorders or diseases. Given that DNA replication occurs with one error in every 10,000 paired nucleotides, the occurrence of mutations is a common and significant factor in genetic variation and evolution.

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  • 4. 

    In 1953, James ____________ and Francis _________ suggested a model for the structure of DNA that looked like a spiral staircase: ______________.

    • James, Zone, zero

    • Madision, Drock, single

    • Winslow, Crock, Triple

    • Watson, Crick, Doublex Helix

    Correct Answer
    A. Watson, Crick, Doublex Helix
    Explanation
    James Watson and Francis Crick are the scientists who suggested a model for the structure of DNA that looked like a spiral staircase. This model is known as the Double Helix.

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  • 5. 

    C and T are called _________________ (one ring of carbon). 

    • Pyrimidines

    • Purines

    • Helicases

    Correct Answer
    A. Pyrimidines
    Explanation
    C and T are called pyrimidines because pyrimidines are one of the two types of nitrogenous bases found in DNA. Pyrimidines consist of a single ring of carbon atoms and include the bases cytosine (C) and thymine (T). Purines, on the other hand, consist of a double ring of carbon atoms and include the bases adenine (A) and guanine (G). Helicases, on the other hand, are enzymes that are involved in the unwinding of DNA during replication.

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  • 6. 

    _________________________ - Copying DNA in a cell

    • BNA Replication

    • RNA Replication

    • DNA Replication

    Correct Answer
    A. DNA Replication
    Explanation
    DNA replication is the correct answer because it is the process by which a cell makes an identical copy of its DNA. During DNA replication, the DNA double helix unwinds and separates into two strands. Each strand serves as a template for the synthesis of a new complementary strand, resulting in two identical DNA molecules. This process is essential for cell division and the transmission of genetic information from one generation to the next. RNA replication is not a valid term, as RNA is usually synthesized from a DNA template through a process called transcription, not replication. BNA replication is not a recognized biological process.

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  • 7. 

    __________________ results when a broken segment is inserted in reverse order.            -----                             _-----       ABCDEFG    ----------->  ABEDCFG

    • Inversion

    • Deletion

    • Reciprocal transiocation

    • Duplication and deletion

    Correct Answer
    A. Inversion
    Explanation
    Inversion is the correct answer because it refers to the act of reversing the order of a segment. In this case, the broken segment "EDC" is inserted in reverse order, resulting in the final sequence "ABEDCFG".

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  • 8. 

    A and G called _____________ (two rings of carbon).

    • Pyrimidines

    • Purines

    • Helicases

    Correct Answer
    A. Purines
    Explanation
    Purines are two-ringed structures made up of carbon and nitrogen atoms. The statement suggests that A and G called something that consists of two rings of carbon. Since purines fit this description, they are the most suitable answer. Pyrimidines are single-ringed structures, and helicases are enzymes involved in DNA replication, so they do not match the given description.

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  • 9. 

    Sickle Cell Anemia: caused by a __________________ that substitutes adenine for thymine; results in defective hemoglobin/sickle shaped red blood cells (RBCs)

    Correct Answer
    point mutation
    Explanation
    Sickle Cell Anemia is caused by a point mutation, which is a specific type of genetic mutation. In this case, the mutation substitutes adenine for thymine in the DNA sequence. This alteration in the genetic code leads to the production of defective hemoglobin and the characteristic sickle-shaped red blood cells (RBCs) seen in individuals with this condition.

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  • 10. 

    The ______________ nitrogen bases found in DNA nucleotides are _______________(a), _______________(G), _____________ (C), and _______________(T).

    Correct Answer
    four, Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, and Thymine
    Explanation
    DNA is made up of nucleotides, which consist of a sugar molecule, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. The four nitrogenous bases found in DNA nucleotides are adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and thymine (T). These bases pair up in specific combinations, with adenine always pairing with thymine and guanine always pairing with cytosine. Together, these four bases form the genetic code that determines the characteristics and functions of living organisms.

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  • 11. 

    Two nucleotide chains separate by unwinding; each chain serves as a template for a new nucleotide chain.Nuceotides are held together wih a _____________backbone.

    • Replication Fork

    • Sugar-phosphate

    • Hydogen bond

    Correct Answer
    A. Sugar-phosphate
    Explanation
    During DNA replication, the two nucleotide chains separate by unwinding. Each chain then serves as a template for the synthesis of a new nucleotide chain. The nucleotides in the new chain are held together by a sugar-phosphate backbone. This backbone consists of alternating sugar molecules (deoxyribose) and phosphate groups that form a strong covalent bond. The hydrogen bonds between the nitrogenous bases (adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine) are responsible for holding the two chains together temporarily, but it is the sugar-phosphate backbone that provides the stability and structure to the DNA molecule.

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  • 12. 

    A DNA nucleotide has three parts: a ____________ called ___________, a _____________groupwhich consists of P and O atoms), and a ________________________.

    Correct Answer
    Sugar molecule, Deoxyribose, Phosphate, Nitrogen base
    Explanation
    A DNA nucleotide consists of a sugar molecule called deoxyribose, a phosphate group (which consists of P and O atoms), and a nitrogen base. These three components form the building blocks of DNA, with the sugar molecule and phosphate group forming the backbone of the DNA strand, and the nitrogen base determining the genetic information encoded in the DNA sequence.

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  • 13. 

    _____________________ is the loss of a chromosome segment.ABCDEF --------------> ABEFG     CD     (lost)

    • Duplication and deletion

    • Deletion

    • Inversion

    • Reciprocal transiocation

    Correct Answer
    A. Deletion
    Explanation
    Deletion is the loss of a chromosome segment. In the given example, the chromosome segment CD is lost, resulting in the remaining segments ABEFG. This loss of a segment is known as deletion.

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  • 14. 

    Two chains separate at the ______________ by enzymes (_____________).

    Correct Answer
    Replacation Fork, Helicases
    Explanation
    The replication fork is the point where the two chains of DNA separate during DNA replication. This separation is facilitated by enzymes called helicases, which unwind the double helix structure of DNA by breaking the hydrogen bonds between the base pairs. The helicases move along the DNA strands, separating them and creating the replication fork. This allows the DNA polymerase to access the single strands and synthesize new DNA strands by adding complementary nucleotides.

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  • 15. 

    _______________________ results when nonhomologous chromosomes exchange segments.ABCDEFG           ABEDCFG               ---------->HIJKLMNO           HIJKCDEFG

    • Duplication and deletion

    • Inversion

    • Reciprocal transiocation

    • Deletion

    Correct Answer
    A. Reciprocal transiocation
    Explanation
    Reciprocal translocation is the correct answer because it involves the exchange of segments between nonhomologous chromosomes. In the given example, the segments AB and HIJK are exchanged, resulting in the rearrangement of the chromosomes. This type of translocation can lead to genetic disorders or abnormalities as it alters the normal gene sequence and can disrupt gene function.

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  • 16. 

    __________________________ result when homologous chromosomes break at different points..                                       and swap segmentsABCDEFG           ABEFG               ----------->ABCDEFG           ABCDODEFG

    • Deletion

    • Reciprocal transiocation

    • Inversion

    • Duplication and deletion

    Correct Answer
    A. Duplication and deletion
    Explanation
    When homologous chromosomes break at different points and swap segments, a duplication and deletion event occurs. This means that a segment of the chromosome is duplicated and another segment is deleted. In the given example, the segment "ODE" is duplicated, resulting in "ODODE", and the segment "C" is deleted, resulting in "ABDEFG". Therefore, the correct answer is "Duplication and deletion".

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  • 17. 

    Enzymes________________ bind to the separated chains of DNA; one nucleotide s time, it constructs a new complementary chain of nucleotides.* Product._______________________________________________________

    Correct Answer
    (DNA Polymerases) two identical copies of the original DNA..
    Explanation
    DNA polymerases are enzymes that are responsible for the replication of DNA. They bind to the separated chains of DNA and construct a new complementary chain of nucleotides by adding one nucleotide at a time. This process results in the formation of two identical copies of the original DNA molecule.

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  • Aug 07, 2024
    Quiz Edited by
    ProProfs Editorial Team
  • Nov 23, 2009
    Quiz Created by
    Verdun
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