Cell Division: Biology Trivia Questions Quiz

In natural selection, the selective agent refers to the factor or condition in the environment that determines which traits are advantageous for survival and reproduction. The environment acts as the selective agent because it determines which individuals are better adapted to their surroundings and are therefore more likely to survive and pass on their genes to the next generation. This process leads to the gradual evolution of species over time as individuals with advantageous traits become more prevalent in the population.

Cytoplasm is the correct answer because it refers to the jelly-like substance that is contained inside the cell membrane. It is a semi-fluid substance that contains various organelles, such as mitochondria and ribosomes, and is responsible for supporting the cell's structure and carrying out various cellular functions. The nucleus, organelle, and DNA are all important components of a cell, but they are not specifically the jelly-like substance contained inside the cell membrane.

Organisms that are closely related are likely to have very similar DNA sequences. This is because DNA is responsible for encoding genetic information, and closely related organisms share a common ancestry. Over time, genetic mutations may occur, leading to slight differences in DNA sequences, but overall, the DNA of closely related organisms will be highly similar. Therefore, it is expected that two closely related organisms would have very similar DNA sequences.

Natural selection is the process by which individuals that are better adapted to their environment have a higher chance of survival and reproduction compared to those who are less suited. This leads to the passing on of beneficial traits to future generations, resulting in the gradual evolution of a species. Sexual selection refers to the selection of mates based on certain traits, genetic drift is the random change in gene frequencies in a population, and gene flow is the transfer of genes between populations.

The Golgi apparatus is responsible for processing and delivering proteins within the cell. It receives proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum, modifies them by adding sugars and lipids, and then packages them into vesicles for transport to their final destination within or outside the cell. This process ensures that proteins are properly folded, modified, and sorted before being transported to their required locations, allowing them to carry out their specific functions effectively.

A prokaryotic cell does not have a nucleus. Unlike eukaryotic cells, prokaryotic cells lack a membrane-bound nucleus where the DNA is stored. Instead, the DNA in prokaryotic cells is located in the cytoplasm, which is a gel-like substance that fills the cell. Prokaryotic cells do have DNA, but it is not enclosed within a nucleus like in eukaryotic cells. The absence of a nucleus is one of the key distinguishing features of prokaryotic cells.

Artificial selection refers to the intentional breeding of plants or animals with desired traits by humans. In the given context, scientists developing a new color in a rose implies that they have selectively bred roses with specific color traits over generations, resulting in the creation of a new color. This process involves choosing parent plants with desired color characteristics and allowing them to reproduce, gradually increasing the frequency of the desired trait in the population. Therefore, artificial selection is the most fitting explanation for the development of a new color in a rose by scientists.

The kingdom that is not included in domain Eukarya is Bacteria. Bacteria belong to the domain Bacteria, which is separate from the domain Eukarya. Eukarya includes organisms that have cells with a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, while bacteria are prokaryotic organisms that lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. Therefore, bacteria are not part of the domain Eukarya.

Bipedalism is an important adaptive advantage for various reasons, including freeing the hands to use tools, carry food, and carry young. However, it does not directly contribute to walking faster. While bipedalism may have other advantages, such as better energy efficiency and increased visibility, it does not specifically enhance walking speed.

The nucleus is the storehouse for most of a cell's genetic information. It contains the cell's DNA, which carries the instructions for the cell's functions and characteristics. The DNA is organized into structures called chromosomes, which are located within the nucleus. The nucleus is surrounded by a nuclear membrane that separates it from the rest of the cell. This membrane has pores that allow certain molecules, such as RNA, to pass in and out of the nucleus. Overall, the nucleus plays a crucial role in storing and protecting the cell's genetic information.

Glycolysis is the correct answer because it is the initial step in cellular respiration where glucose is broken down into two molecules of pyruvate. It takes place in the cytoplasm of the cell and does not require oxygen. Photosynthesis, on the other hand, is the process by which plants convert sunlight into energy, while aerobic respiration and electron transport are subsequent steps in cellular respiration that occur in the mitochondria and require oxygen.

Hybridization refers to the process of crossing two different species that share common genes. This can occur naturally or be induced by humans through selective breeding. During hybridization, the genetic material from both species combines, resulting in offspring that exhibit traits from both parent species. This can lead to the creation of new and unique characteristics in the hybrid offspring. Hybridization plays an important role in both natural and artificial selection, as it introduces genetic diversity and can contribute to the evolution of species.

During prophase, the nuclear membrane breaks down, allowing the chromosomes to be exposed in the cytoplasm. This breakdown is necessary for the subsequent steps of mitosis, as it allows the chromosomes to be properly organized and separated during cell division. The breakdown of the nuclear membrane is a distinct characteristic of prophase and helps facilitate the efficient distribution of genetic material to the daughter cells.

Ribosomes can be found on the surface of the endoplasmic reticulum. The endoplasmic reticulum is an organelle involved in protein synthesis and lipid metabolism. It is made up of a network of membrane-bound tubules and sacs. Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis and can be found either free in the cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum. When ribosomes are attached to the endoplasmic reticulum, it is called the rough endoplasmic reticulum. Therefore, ribosomes are the correct organelles that can be found on the surface of the endoplasmic reticulum.

In the Linnaean system of classification, a species is most commonly defined as a group of organisms that can breed and produce offspring. This is because members of the same species share similar genetic traits and can interbreed to produce fertile offspring. The concept of a species is fundamental in understanding the diversity of life and organizing organisms into distinct groups based on their ability to reproduce with one another.

A genetic variation can occur when there is a random change in the DNA of a gene, which is known as a mutation. Mutations can lead to differences in the genetic material, resulting in variations within a population. This variation is essential for evolution to occur as it introduces new traits or characteristics that can be selected for or against in different environments. Gene flow refers to the transfer of genetic material from one population to another, gene pool refers to the total set of genes in a population, and an allele is a variant form of a gene.

The correct answer is folded inner membrane. In the diagram, structure A is shown as a folded membrane within the mitochondria. This folded inner membrane is known as the cristae and it plays a crucial role in the production of ATP through cellular respiration. The folds provide a large surface area for the enzymes and proteins involved in ATP synthesis to be located, allowing for more efficient energy production.

In the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis, energy is captured from sunlight by the pigment chlorophyll. This energy is then used to convert water into oxygen and to produce ATP, a molecule that stores energy. This process takes place in the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplasts. Sugars are not made in the light-dependent reactions, but rather in the light-independent reactions (also known as the Calvin cycle), where carbon dioxide is used to produce glucose. Therefore, the correct answer is "Energy is captured."

Chloroplasts are the organelles in plant cells responsible for photosynthesis. They contain chlorophyll, a pigment that absorbs sunlight. During photosynthesis, chloroplasts capture sunlight and convert it into chemical energy in the form of glucose. This process involves the conversion of carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen. Therefore, the statement "Chloroplasts absorb sunlight and store chemical energy" best describes the process of photosynthesis.

The correct answer is six because the question is asking about the number of kingdoms in the current tree of life. The tree of life is a diagram that represents the evolutionary relationships between different organisms. In the current understanding of the tree of life, there are six main kingdoms: Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, Protista, Archaea, and Bacteria. Each kingdom represents a distinct group of organisms with similar characteristics and evolutionary history.

Chlorophyll is the correct answer because it is the main light-absorbing pigment found in plant leaves. It is responsible for capturing light energy during photosynthesis and converting it into chemical energy. Chlorophyll molecules are located within the chloroplasts, which are the organelles where photosynthesis takes place. Thylakoids are membrane-bound structures within the chloroplasts where the chlorophyll molecules are embedded. Grana are stacks of thylakoids. While all of these terms are related to chlorophyll and photosynthesis, chlorophyll itself is the specific molecule that absorbs light.

During the S phase of the cell cycle, DNA replication takes place. This means that the DNA molecule unwinds and each strand serves as a template for the synthesis of a new complementary strand. This process ensures that each daughter cell receives a complete set of genetic information. The other options mentioned, such as cell growth and normal function, preparation for mitosis, and nuclear membrane reforms, are not specific characteristics of the S phase.

A catalyst is a substance that speeds up a chemical reaction by lowering the activation energy required for the reaction to occur. By decreasing the activation energy, the catalyst provides an alternative pathway for the reaction, allowing it to proceed at a faster rate. Therefore, the correct answer is "decreases the activation energy."

Homo sapiens has been on Earth for approximately 200,000 years. This is based on scientific evidence and research that suggests the emergence of Homo sapiens as a species around this time. This timeline aligns with the fossil record and genetic studies that trace the origins of modern humans back to Africa around 200,000 years ago.

Homo neanderthalensis is the correct answer because it is believed to have lived most recently compared to the other options. Australopithecus aferensis and Australopithecus africanus are both extinct hominid species that lived millions of years ago. Homo erectus is an extinct species that lived around 1.9 million to 143,000 years ago. Homo neanderthalensis, on the other hand, is believed to have lived around 400,000 to 40,000 years ago, making it the youngest species in this group.

If two organisms belong to the same order, they must have the phylum in common. Order is a taxonomic rank that is lower than phylum and higher than family. Organisms within the same order share certain characteristics and traits, but they may belong to different families or even different genera. However, all organisms within the same order belong to the same phylum, which is a higher taxonomic group that groups organisms based on broader characteristics and evolutionary relationships. Therefore, if two organisms belong to the same order, they must also belong to the same phylum.

Glycolysis is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose into pyruvate. It is the first step in cellular respiration and occurs in the cytoplasm of cells. The cytoplasm is the fluid-filled region between the cell membrane and the nucleus, where many cellular processes take place. In glycolysis, glucose is broken down into two molecules of pyruvate, generating a small amount of ATP and NADH. This process does not occur in the mitochondria or chloroplasts, which have their own specific metabolic pathways.

Homo erectus is considered to be the most successful hominid species ever because it survived for 2 million years. This species had a remarkable adaptability and was able to thrive in various environments across Africa, Asia, and Europe. Their ability to use tools and control fire played a crucial role in their survival and expansion. Additionally, Homo erectus had a larger brain size and a more advanced social structure compared to earlier hominids, which contributed to their success as a species.

Australopithecus aferensis is the oldest of the group because it is the earliest known species in the genus Australopithecus. It lived between 3.9 and 2.9 million years ago, while Australopithecus africanus lived between 3 and 2 million years ago. Homo erectus and Homo neanderthalensis are even more recent species in the human evolutionary timeline.

The word "Panthera" indicates the genus of the organism.