CNS Quiz For Pathology
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Question on the CNS part of Pathology.
- 1.A baby with pupillar dilation, visual disturbances, difficulty breathing, and enlarged head is diagnosed with Dandy-Walker syndrome. What is underlying possible mechanism of his disease?
- A.
Problem with arachnoid granulations
- B.
Tumor
- C.
Alzheimers
- D.
Hemorrhage/inflammations
- E.
B and D
- 2.A pain is initially clear but later presents with headache, vomiting and seizures, later he has hypertension and bradycardia. He received a blow to the side of his head. What kind of vessel was involved?
- A.
Bridging veins
- B.
Middle meningeal artery
- C.
Anterior communicating artery
- D.
Posterior communicating artery
- E.
Middle cerebral artery
- 3.Subdural hematomas involve _ veins.
- 4.A patient with headache, contralateral weakness and seizers and eventally congnitive impairment is diagnosed to have Alzheimers. The type of condition most closely resembling his state would be?
- A.
Hematoma
- B.
Tumor
- C.
Respiratory illness
- D.
Sexually tansmitted disease
- E.
Liver cirrhosis
- 5.The most common cause of intracerebral hemorrhage is associated with
- A.
Tumors
- B.
Cerebral amyloid angiopathy
- C.
Liver failure
- D.
High cholesterol
- E.
B and D
- 6.A patient comes in with a sudden excruciating headache, or the worst headache of his life. His syndrome worsens while doing activities that increase intracranial pressure like straining while passing stool or having sex. The most common etiology of his condition is?
- A.
Aneurysm
- B.
Hypertension
- C.
Necrosis
- D.
Pnemonia
- E.
Transtentorial herniation
- 7.A patient with a recent viral infection complains of fever, headache, nausea and vomiting. Upon taking a CSF sample, it is determined that there is no bacterial present and the protein levels are elevated. Which of the following occurs with glucose levels if the patient were infected with E.Coli?
- A.
Increase
- B.
Decrease
- C.
Stay the same
- D.
Glucose levels are irrelevant to the case
- E.
B or C
- 8.A patient presents with symptoms indicative of increased intracranial pressure. Tests on his brain indicates a lesion with a center that has undergone liquifactive necrosis with a surrounding fibrous capsule. These does not seem to be any spread into the ventricles. What is the most common etiological agent of his disease?
- A.
Streptococci
- B.
Bacteroides fragilli
- C.
Mycobacterium tuberculi.
- D.
None of the above
- E.
All of the above are equally common
- 9.A patient with mental slowing, difficulty remembering things (abnormal memory), abnormal moods, apathy and depression, also complains of ataxia, bladder incontinence and seizures. CSF shows no bacteria, with increased levels of proteins and normal levels of glucose. What is a common feature of his disease?
- A.
Microglia
- B.
Neurophagia
- C.
Multinucleate giant cell involvement
- D.
Cowdry Type A inclusion bodies
- E.
All but choice D
- 10.A 25 year old man with Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia is seen have many lesions in the white matter of his ceberellum, destructive in nature. He reports to have recently undergone an immunosuppresive therapy for his cancer. What is the etiological agent and a key histological feature of his disease?
- A.
JC polyomavirus; enlarged oligodentrocytes
- B.
HIV virus; multinucleate giant cells
- C.
HSV virus; hemosiderin laden macrophages
- D.
Ebola virus; no prominent histological feature observed
- E.
HPV; Cowdry Type A inclusion bodies
- 11.A patient presents with rapidly progressive dementia and myclonus. He reports to have had a corneal transplantation recently. Upon taking a sample of the brain tissue, the pathologist would most likely see:
- A.
PrPs plaques and spongiform degeneration
- B.
Hemosiderin and increased neutrophilic infiltration
- C.
Liquifactive necrosis and abscesses
- D.
One of the above
- E.
A and C
- 12.A 70 year old male is diagnosed with a brain tumor arising in the white matter. The tumor appears to be rapidly expanding, gray, and poorly defined. Microscopic examination of his brain revealed an increased number of glial cells appearing in a palisading manner. It is determined that the patient will only survive for a few months. A gross feature of this tumor would be:
- A.
Butterfly appearance
- B.
Spongiform appearance
- C.
Liquifactive necrosis
- D.
Increased gliosis
- E.
Lymphocytic infiltration and lipid laden macrophages
- 13.Spindle shaped astrocytes and prominent Rosenthial fibers are seen in _
- 14.A 6 year old child is diagnosed with a tumor near the medulla region. There appears to be metastasis to the ventricles from the spinal cord. What is key microscopic feature of his tumor?
- A.
Pseudorosettes
- B.
True rosettes
- C.
Lipid laden macrophages
- D.
Glial cell proliferation
- E.
Increased size of astrocytes
- 15.A patient presents with focal neurological deficits with increased intracranial pressure, headaches and hyperostosis of overlying bone. The tumor has arised from meningothelial cells of the arachnoid matter. What are common features of the disease?
- A.
Neurofibromatosis type 2 and psamomma bodies
- B.
Neurofibromatosis type 1 and nuclear inclusions
- C.
Owl's eye inclusions and cowdry type A inclusions
- D.
Multinucleated giant cells and extensive fibrosis
- E.
None of the above
- 16.A patient presents with unilateral vision loss, motor and sensory abnormalities, spasticity, improper conjugate eye movements. Upon examination of the brain, it is detected that there are gray plaques around the ventricles. Which of the following would most likely be elevated in his disease?
- A.
Y globulins
- B.
A globulins
- C.
Neutrophils
- D.
Calcium levels
- E.
None of the above
- 17.A patient was recently placed on a therapy that overcorrected his hyponatremia. Which of the followings diseases has a pathology most similar to his condition?
- A.
Multiple sclerosis
- B.
Leukodystrophies
- C.
Pneumonia
- D.
Astrocytoma
- E.
Meningioma
- 18.A 68 year old male presents with loss of memory, cognitive impairment and demential. It is discovered that there is an APP gene mutation associated with his condition. Which of the following is not a key feature of his disease?
- A.
Ab deposition
- B.
Tau proteins
- C.
Senile plaques
- D.
Hirano bodies
- E.
None of the above
- 19.A patient presents with slowness of movement and muscular rigidity, coarse tremor of the distal extremities even at rest, expressionless face, reduced rate of swallowing, stooped posture, and dementia. Which of the following is not a feature of his disease?
- A.
Loss of pigmentations
- B.
Lewy bodies
- C.
Viral encephalopathy as an etiological factor
- D.
Oxidative stress induction
- E.
Neurofibrillary tangles
- 20.A 40 year old male presents with involuntary movement of all parts of the body , cognitive function impairment, and severe emotional disturbance. Which parts of the brain are atrophied?
- A.
Frontal
- B.
Caudate
- C.
Putamen
- D.
Amygdala
- E.
Three of the above
- 21.A patient presents with truncal ataxia, unsteady gate and nystagmus. He has been a drinker for a while now. He distorted memory which he compensates for by confabulation. What histological feature is seen in his disorder?
- A.
Degeneration of neurons in the medial dorsal nucleus of the thalamus
- B.
Neurofibrillary tangles
- C.
Excess accumulation of tau proteins
- D.
Atrophy of the frontal caudate and putamen of the brain
- E.
None of the above
- 22.A 6 year old child presents with a tumor that is gray and friable within the vermis of the medulla. Microscopically there appears to be small blue cells. His symptoms appear to be associated with cerebellar dysfunction. If untreated, what would be the most likely prognosis of his tumor?
- A.
Poor
- B.
Benign
- C.
Undetermined
- D.
Good because he is young
- E.
None of the above
- 23.A 50 year old male presents with hearing problems. The tumor appears to be slow growing with microcysts, myxoid material, and very few cells. Which of the following cells has a function similar to the cell of origin?
- A.
Oligodendrocyte
- B.
Osteclasts
- C.
Osteoblasts
- D.
Glial cells
- E.
Macrophages
- 24.An AIDs patient presents with increased intracranial pressure. He has difficulty seeing. Which cells are commonly seen in this tumor?
- A.
B cells
- B.
T cells
- C.
Plasma cells
- D.
Macrophages
- E.
None of the above
- 25.A patient presents with weakness and wasting of his muscles. He drops objects easily and also experiences spasticity and fasciculations.His lesion involves a loss of upper motor neurons. What is the most common of death in these patients?
- A.
Pulmonary infections
- B.
Fractures
- C.
Dementia
- D.
Visual impairment
- E.
Wasting of the muscles
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