Chapters 27-29 Test

Don't worry if you got the syntax wrong--I didn't count this one.

The quotation is part of the Open Door Policy. The policy was introduced by the United States in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and aimed to ensure equal trading rights with China for all countries. It emphasized the preservation of Chinese territorial integrity, protection of foreign rights, and promotion of fair trade practices. The quote reflects the principles and goals of the Open Door Policy, making it the correct answer.

The Open Door Policy was the United States' policy toward China at the turn of the century. This policy aimed to ensure equal trading rights for all countries in China and to prevent any one country from dominating the Chinese market. The United States advocated for an open and fair trading system in China, which would benefit American businesses and promote stability in the region. This policy was significant in shaping the United States' approach to China during this time period.

The progressive movement aimed to use the government as a means to improve the well-being of individuals. Reformers during this time believed that the government had a responsibility to address social and economic issues and to protect the rights of workers and consumers. They advocated for policies such as regulation of businesses, labor reforms, and social welfare programs to ensure a fairer and more equitable society. This approach focused on using government intervention to promote the welfare of all individuals, rather than seeking to overthrow capitalism.

Alfred Thayer Mahan argued that control of the sea was the key to the United States' world dominance. This is because he believed that a strong navy and control over important trade routes would give a nation significant power and influence globally. By controlling the sea, the United States would be able to protect its own economic interests, project its power abroad, and establish itself as a dominant force in international affairs. This belief in the importance of naval power and control of the sea influenced US foreign policy and military strategy in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

Andrew Carnegie, or simply Carnegie, offered to pay America NOT to buy Puerto Rico.

The correct answer is middle class. This is because progressives were mainly composed of individuals from the middle class. They were often professionals, businessmen, and intellectuals who sought to address social and political issues through reform. The middle class had the resources, education, and social standing to actively participate in the progressive movement and advocate for change. Additionally, the middle class had a vested interest in reforming society to address the perceived problems of industrialization and urbanization.

The Open Door Notes, issued by the United States in the early 20th century, advocated for equal access for all countries seeking to trade with China. This meant that no country should have exclusive control or dominance over China's trade and economic activities. The aim was to prevent the carving up of China into spheres of influence by foreign powers, ensuring that all nations had an equal opportunity to engage in trade with China. This policy aimed to promote fair competition and prevent any one country from exploiting China for its own benefit.

During the "Splendid Little War," most people died of diseases. This war, also known as the Spanish-American War, took place in 1898 between the United States and Spain. The majority of deaths were caused by diseases such as yellow fever, malaria, and dysentery, which were prevalent in the tropical climate of Cuba where the war was fought. The unsanitary conditions and lack of proper medical care contributed to the high mortality rate from these diseases among both American soldiers and Cuban civilians.

The correct answer is Puerto Rico and Guam. This is because the treaty ending the Spanish-American War, known as the Treaty of Paris, resulted in the cession of several Spanish territories to the United States. Under this treaty, Spain ceded Puerto Rico and Guam to the United States, along with the Philippines. This acquisition marked the beginning of American colonial rule in these territories.

In the Insular Cases of 1901, the Supreme Court ruled that the Constitution did not automatically extend citizenship to people in newly acquired territories. This means that individuals living in these territories did not automatically gain the same rights and privileges as citizens of the United States. The ruling clarified that the extension of citizenship to these territories was subject to the discretion of Congress and could be granted through legislation. This decision had significant implications for the legal status and rights of individuals living in newly acquired territories.

The Hay-Paunceforte Treaty allowed the United States to pursue its goal of building a canal in Central America. This treaty, signed between the US and the UK in 1901, replaced the earlier Clayton-Bulwer Treaty and gave the US the exclusive right to construct and control a canal in the region. It also ensured that the canal would be open to all nations on equal terms. The purchase of rights from France, revolution in Nicaragua, and passage of the Enabling Bill in Congress are not relevant to the US's quest for an American-controlled Central American canal project.

William Seward is the correct answer because he was the Secretary of State under President Andrew Johnson who advocated for the purchase of Alaska from Russia. Despite facing criticism and skepticism from many who thought it was a foolish decision, Seward believed in the potential benefits of acquiring Alaska. He saw it as an opportunity to expand American territory, access valuable natural resources, and strengthen American presence in the Pacific region. Seward's persistence and conviction ultimately led to the successful purchase of Alaska in 1867, which later proved to be a wise investment for the United States.

The Teller Amendment is a legislation passed by the United States Congress in 1898. It stated that the United States had no intention of annexing or taking control of Cuba after the Spanish-American War. The amendment was passed in order to assure the Cuban people that the United States would respect their independence and sovereignty. Therefore, the correct answer is that the Teller Amendment guaranteed the independence of Cuba.

The individual who would have been most likely to have uttered the above quotation is an Imperialist. The quotation suggests a belief in American power, dominion, and the expansion of American influence. It also mentions continuing the march of the flag, which implies a desire for territorial expansion and imperialism.

The Platt Amendment gave the United States the right to intervene in Cuba if its independence was threatened. This amendment was added to the Cuban constitution in 1901 and allowed the United States to maintain a military presence on the island and intervene in its affairs if necessary. It also gave the United States control over Guantanamo Bay. The Platt Amendment was a significant factor in shaping US-Cuban relations and exerting American influence over Cuba during this time period.

Queen Liliuokalani was removed from power because she insisted that native Hawaiians should control Hawaii. This statement suggests that her insistence on native Hawaiian control was seen as a threat to the interests of those who sought to maintain or gain control over the Hawaiian government. This likely led to her removal from power by those who opposed her stance.

The Platt Amendment granted the United States a virtual right of intervention in Cuba. This amendment was added to the Cuban constitution in 1901 and gave the US the authority to intervene in Cuban affairs to protect its own interests. It allowed the US to maintain a naval base in Guantanamo Bay and gave them the power to intervene in Cuban politics and economy. The amendment was a result of the Spanish-American War and reflected the US's desire to maintain control and influence over Cuba.

President William McKinley asked Congress to declare war on Spain mainly because the American people demanded it. This suggests that there was a strong public sentiment and pressure for the United States to take action against Spain. It is likely that there were various reasons for this demand, such as sympathy for the Cuban cause, sensationalized media coverage, or a desire for the United States to assert its power and expand its influence.

The sinking of the U.S.S. Maine occurred before the American declaration of war on Spain. This event led to increased tensions between the United States and Spain, eventually leading to the declaration of war. The passage of the Teller Amendment came after the sinking of the U.S.S. Maine and the declaration of war on Spain. This amendment stated that the United States had no intention of annexing Cuba, which was a key issue during the Spanish-American War. The passage of the Platt Amendment occurred after the war and gave the United States control over Cuba's foreign policy and the right to intervene in Cuban affairs. Therefore, the correct chronological order is B, A, C, D.

Progressives were not aligned with any specific political party or confined to a particular region. They were a diverse group of individuals who sought to address social and political issues such as corruption, inequality, and the power of big business. They were not limited to a single party or region, but rather spanned across different political affiliations and geographical areas.

Grover Cleveland is the correct answer because he was known for his non-interventionist foreign policy and reluctance to engage in imperialistic adventures. He opposed the annexation of Hawaii and was against American involvement in the Spanish-American War. On the other hand, Theodore Roosevelt, William Randolph Hearst, Alfred Thayer Mahan, and William McKinley were all proponents of U.S. imperialism and expansionism during the late 19th century.

If you were thinking of Alaska, remember that it wasn't much of a debate.

The Spanish-American War was primarily caused by the De Lôme Letter, the striking of the U.S.S. Maine, and sympathy for the Cubans. The De Lôme Letter, written by the Spanish ambassador to the United States, criticized President McKinley and sparked outrage among Americans. The sinking of the U.S.S. Maine in Havana Harbor further fueled tensions between the two countries. Additionally, Americans sympathized with the Cubans who were fighting for independence from Spanish rule. However, Aguinaldo's rebel attacks do not directly relate to the causes of the Spanish-American War.

Josiah Strong, Theodore Roosevelt, and Alfred Thayer Mahan were all expansionists who advocated for the expansion of American influence and power. Josiah Strong was a prominent advocate for American imperialism and believed in the superiority of the Anglo-Saxon race. Theodore Roosevelt was known for his "Big Stick" diplomacy and his belief in American exceptionalism. Alfred Thayer Mahan was a naval strategist who argued for the importance of a strong navy and overseas territories to secure American interests. On the other hand, William Jennings Bryan was a prominent politician and leader of the Populist movement who opposed imperialism and advocated for a more isolationist foreign policy.

The Monroe Doctrine is the correct answer because it was a foundational principle of American foreign policy that stated any intervention by European powers in the affairs of the Western Hemisphere would be seen as a threat to the United States. By invoking the Monroe Doctrine, Secretary of State Olney was justifying American intervention in the Venezuela boundary dispute with Britain as a way to protect American interests and assert their dominance in the region.

The statement above was most likely made in reference to the occupation of the Philippines. This is indicated by the mention of pacifying the islanders, destroying their fields and villages, and subjugating the remaining population through benevolent assimilation. These actions align with the United States' policy during the period of American colonization in the Philippines. The reference to being a world power further supports this explanation, as the occupation of the Philippines was a significant expansion of American influence and control in the Pacific region.

The correct answer is Populism. Populism refers to a political ideology that supports the rights and power of the common people against the privileged elite. In the context of the expansionist foreign policy of the 1890s, populism does not directly relate to the beliefs that inspired this policy. On the other hand, American exceptionalism, Anglo-Saxon superiority, and Social Darwinism were all beliefs that influenced the expansionist foreign policy during this period. American exceptionalism emphasized the unique qualities of the United States and its mission to spread democracy and civilization. Anglo-Saxon superiority promoted the idea that English-speaking nations were superior and should dominate other cultures. Social Darwinism applied the principles of natural selection to human societies, justifying imperialism and the conquest of weaker nations.

The correct answer is Protestant missionaries. They were the first "civilized" people in Hawaii because they brought Western education, Christianity, and modernization to the islands. They established schools, introduced a written Hawaiian language, and played a significant role in shaping the cultural, social, and political landscape of Hawaii. Their arrival in the early 19th century had a profound impact on the indigenous Hawaiian population and transformed the islands into a more Westernized society.

The statement is false because U.S. Senator Mark Hanna was not a businessman, but a politician. While it is true that some businessmen did support the Spanish-American War for economic reasons, there is no evidence to suggest that Senator Hanna specifically encouraged the war.

Do you know what the answer is? I don't even know if this one's right. =X

Theodore Roosevelt's strategic thinking about U.S. foreign policy was shaped by his belief in the duty of the "civilized" countries of the world to police and subdue "backward" peoples. This suggests that Roosevelt believed it was the responsibility of more advanced nations to intervene in the affairs of less developed nations in order to bring about progress and civilization. This belief likely influenced his approach to foreign policy, leading him to support actions such as the Spanish-American War and the construction of the Panama Canal.

The statement that is not correct is that U.S. military planners desperately wanted to annex Hawaii to gain access to Pearl Harbor. This is incorrect because at the time, Pearl Harbor was not seen as a strategic location and the U.S. military did not have plans to annex Hawaii for this reason. It was the economic interests of the sugar planters and the desire for American influence and dominance that led to the annexation of Hawaii.

The religious movement that was closely linked to progressivism was Catholicism. Catholicism, with its emphasis on social justice and the common good, aligned well with the goals of the progressive movement. Catholic social teaching emphasized the importance of addressing social issues such as poverty, labor rights, and economic inequality. Many progressive leaders, such as Theodore Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson, were influenced by Catholic social teachings and collaborated with Catholic leaders to advance their shared goals. Additionally, Catholic organizations played a significant role in advocating for progressive reforms, such as child labor laws and worker protections.

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The development of American imperialism in the 1890s has been suggested to be influenced by the search for markets and raw materials by business, pressure for military action by a growing officer corps in the army, the example of European colonial powers in Asia and Africa, and support for the idea of the "White Man's Burden." However, historians have not suggested that competition for newspaper readership by the "yellow press" played a role in the development of American imperialism during this time.

The correct answer is "more lives and money." The question is comparing the Spanish American War with the war with Puerto Rico. This means that it is asking about the differences between the two wars. The answer indicates that the war with Puerto Rico cost more lives and money compared to the Spanish American War.

Historians have offered various explanations for the United States' entry into the war with Spain in 1898, such as the role of yellow journalism in creating war fever, the desire of American businessmen to protect their investments in Cuba, the United States' desire to dominate the Caribbean as it assumed a world role, and Spain's interference with United States maritime rights. However, one explanation that has not been offered by historians is that President McKinley was too weak to withstand the multitude of pressures forcing him toward a decision for war.

The political roots of the progressive movement can be traced back to the Greenback Labor Party and the Populists. Both of these political parties emerged in the late 19th century and advocated for economic reforms and social justice. The Greenback Labor Party focused on issues such as monetary policy and workers' rights, while the Populists aimed to address the concerns of farmers and rural communities. These movements laid the foundation for the progressive movement by highlighting the need for government intervention and regulation to address social and economic inequalities.

The correct answer is the opportunity that they presented for Christian missionary work. American imperialists believed that acquiring the Philippines would provide a chance for Christian missionaries to spread their religion and convert the Filipino population. This aligns with the historical context of the time, where imperialism often involved spreading Western values and religious beliefs to colonized territories. The other options, such as strategic advantage for naval operations or economic potential, were also important factors in advocating for the acquisition of the Philippines, but the emphasis on Christian missionary work was a significant aspect for American imperialists.

New England Transcendentalists were the first religious group to take advantage of American expansionism. They believed in the inherent goodness of individuals and nature, and saw the westward expansion as an opportunity to create a utopian society based on their ideals. They sought to establish communities in the frontier where they could live in harmony with nature and practice their own form of spirituality. Their philosophy and actions influenced American literature, education, and social reform movements, making them pioneers in utilizing American expansionism for their religious beliefs.

These individuals were members of the Anti-Imperialist League. The Anti-Imperialist League was a group that opposed the expansionist policies of the United States, particularly during the Spanish-American War and the acquisition of overseas territories. Mark Twain, a well-known writer and social critic, was a prominent member of the league. Andrew Carnegie, a wealthy industrialist and philanthropist, also supported the league's cause. Jane Addams, a social reformer and advocate for women's rights, was another member. Grover Cleveland, the 22nd and 24th President of the United States, Samuel Gompers, a labor leader, and William McKinley, the 25th President of the United States, were also associated with the Anti-Imperialist League.