Central Nervous System Depressants

1. After receiving spinal anesthesia, the client should remain in what position?

Upright

Flat

Position does not matter

After receiving spinal anesthesia, the client should remain in a flat position. This is because spinal anesthesia can cause a decrease in blood pressure, and lying flat helps to prevent a sudden drop in blood pressure and maintain adequate blood flow to the brain and other organs. It also helps to prevent complications such as spinal headache and nerve damage. Therefore, it is important for the client to remain in a flat position to ensure their safety and well-being.

Explanation

After receiving spinal anesthesia, the client should remain in a flat position. This is because spinal anesthesia can cause a decrease in blood pressure, and lying flat helps to prevent a sudden drop in blood pressure and maintain adequate blood flow to the brain and other organs. It also helps to prevent complications such as spinal headache and nerve damage. Therefore, it is important for the client to remain in a flat position to ensure their safety and well-being.

2. Which of the following is a common side effect of sedative-hypnotics?

REM rebound

Excessive depression

Hypersensitivity

All of the above

Common side effects of sedative-hypnotics include hangover, REM rebound, dependence, tolerance, excessive depression, respiratory depression, and hypersensitivity.

Explanation

Common side effects of sedative-hypnotics include hangover, REM rebound, dependence, tolerance, excessive depression, respiratory depression, and hypersensitivity.

3. What is the mildest form of CNS depression, which diminishes physical and mental responses but does not affect consciousness?

Hypnotic effect

Anesthesia

Sedation

Sedation is the mildest form of CNS depression that reduces physical and mental responses without affecting consciousness. It is a state of calmness and relaxation induced by certain medications or techniques. Sedation is commonly used in medical procedures to alleviate anxiety, promote comfort, and facilitate the performance of the procedure. Unlike anesthesia, which completely eliminates consciousness, sedation allows the patient to remain awake and aware, but in a relaxed and drowsy state. The hypnotic effect refers to a state of induced sleep or trance, which is more profound than sedation.

Explanation

Sedation is the mildest form of CNS depression that reduces physical and mental responses without affecting consciousness. It is a state of calmness and relaxation induced by certain medications or techniques. Sedation is commonly used in medical procedures to alleviate anxiety, promote comfort, and facilitate the performance of the procedure. Unlike anesthesia, which completely eliminates consciousness, sedation allows the patient to remain awake and aware, but in a relaxed and drowsy state. The hypnotic effect refers to a state of induced sleep or trance, which is more profound than sedation.

4. The short acting barbituate pentobarbital (nembutal) is used to do what?

Induce sleep for those who have difficulty falling asleep

General anesthetic

Maintain long periods of sleep for those what have difficulty staying asleep

Control seizures

Ultrashort acting barbituates are used a general anesthetic. Intermediate acting barbituates are used to sustain long periods of sleep.
Long acting barbituates are used to control seizures associated with epilepsy.

Explanation

Ultrashort acting barbituates are used a general anesthetic. Intermediate acting barbituates are used to sustain long periods of sleep.
Long acting barbituates are used to control seizures associated with epilepsy.

5. Your client is taking pentobarbital (nembutal), a barbituate. Which of the following should not be included in your client teaching regarding this drug?

Instruct client to avoid alcohol, antidepressants, antipsychotics, and narcotics

Herbal supplements do not interfere with this drug.

Take 30 minutes before bedtime

All of the above should be included

Certain herbs may interact with Barbituates. Herbal supplements may need to discontinued or prescription dose may need to be modified.

Explanation

Certain herbs may interact with Barbituates. Herbal supplements may need to discontinued or prescription dose may need to be modified.

6. The hangover side effect with sedative-hypnotics is caused by which types?

Short acting

Intermediate acting

Long acting

The hangover side effect with sedative-hypnotics is caused by intermediate acting and long acting types. These medications have a longer duration of action in the body, leading to a slower metabolism and clearance. As a result, individuals may experience residual sedation and cognitive impairment upon waking up, commonly referred to as a "hangover" effect. Short-acting sedative-hypnotics, on the other hand, have a shorter duration of action and are less likely to cause this side effect.

Explanation

The hangover side effect with sedative-hypnotics is caused by intermediate acting and long acting types. These medications have a longer duration of action in the body, leading to a slower metabolism and clearance. As a result, individuals may experience residual sedation and cognitive impairment upon waking up, commonly referred to as a "hangover" effect. Short-acting sedative-hypnotics, on the other hand, have a shorter duration of action and are less likely to cause this side effect.

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