Autocrine signaling
Paracrine signaling
Neutral signaling
Endocrine signaling
Neuroendocrine signaling
Luteinizing hormone (LH)
Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
Oxytocin (OT)
Growth hormone (GH)
All of the above are released by cells in the anterior pituitary
Transactivation domain, DNA binding domain, hormone binding domain
Translation domain, DNA binding domain, hormone binding domain
Transactivation domain, mitochondrial binding domain, hormone binding domain
Transactivation domain, DNA binding domain, mitochondrial binding domain
Membrane binding domain, translation domain, nuclear binding domain
Kinase; tyrosine
Phosphatase; tyrosine
Kinase; insulin
Phosphatase; insulin
None of the above
GnRH binds cell surface receptors on gonadotropes for release of gonadotropins, which bind cell surface receptors on the gonads
Estradiol binds primarily to cell surface receptors
Transcription of protein hormones occurs in the nucleus
The Pre-prohormone sequence for GnRH is necessary for "signaling" or "localization" information to direct transport
Intracellular receptors bind small, lipid soluble hormones and can be found in the cytoplasm or nucleus of a cell
LH: ovaries, testes
Parathyroid hormone: bone
Aldosterone: kidney
Anti-diurectic hormone (ADH/vasopressin):kidney
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH): adrenal medulla
Cyclic AMP (cAMP)
Diaclgylcerol (DAG)
Calcium (Ca2+)
Inositol trisphosphate (IP3)
All of the above are 2nd messengers
All GI hormones, pancreatic hormones, hypothalamic releasing hormones, and testosterone
Calcitonin, Parathyroid hormone (PTH), and ALL GI hormones, pancreatic hormones, and hypothalamic releasing hormones
Estrogen, Calcitonin, Parathyroid hormone (PTH), and ALL GI hormones
ALL GI hormones, pancreatic hormones, hypothalamic releasing hormones, and phospholipase
NONE of the above
All steroid hormones are derived from cholesterol, a 25 carbon structure
ALL steroid hormones undergo side chain cleavage in the Golgi apparatus
Enzymatic modification of pregnenalone in each tissue is the rate limiting step of steroid production
Pregnenalone is the 27 carbon intermediary produced by lateral chain cleavage
ALL of the above statements are FALSE
Epinephrine is closely related to Thryoxin (T4) as they are both derived from a Tryptophane amino acid.
Epinephrine, a catecholamine, is made in the adrenal cortex.
Iodination of and modification of tyrosine occurs in the thyroid gland for production of T3 and T4
T3 is produced in the Parathyroid gland and the oaddition of the last iodine occurs in the thyroid gland to produce T4
ALL of the above statements are FALSE
Translation, protein
Replication, DNA
Transcription, RNA
Translation, RNA
Transcription, protein
The nucleus
The Golgi apparatus
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Free ribosomes
DNA, DNA synthesis
RNA, RNA synthesis
RNA, protein synthesis
DNA, transcription
Protein, DNA replication
Epithelial cells, stratum corneum
Chondrocytes, dermis
Fibrocytes, dermis
Epithelial cells, stratum basale
Fibrocytes, stratum basale
Water will not flow because osmotic forces are balanced
Water will flow from right to left because the osmotic concentration of the NaCl is higher
Water will flow from left to right because the osmotic concentration of the urea is higher
Urea will diffuse from right to left
A and d are correct
Messenger RNA, peptide bonds
Transfer RNA, ionic bonds
Ribosomal RNA, peptide bonds
Transfer RNA, peptide bonds
Ribosomal RNA, hydrogen bonds
Kinase, vesicles, microtubles
ATPase, microtubules, actin
Kinase, vesicles, actin
ATPase, vesicles, actin
ATPase, vesicles, microtubules
Actin complex
Motor protein
ATPase
Intermediate filament protein
Microtubule binding protein
A.) actin
B.) tubulin
C.) lysosomal proteins
D.) a calcium channel
C and d are correct
Endoplasmic reticulum
Ribosomes
DNA
RNA
Protein
Is composed of hydrophobic amino acids
Determines that the protein will be synthesized on rough endoplasmic reticulum
Binds to a signal recognition particle
Binds to the protein translocator in the endoplasmic reticulum
All of the above are correct
Phosphate head groups
Fatty acid side chains
Carbon to carbon bonds
Glycerol backbone
Ester bonds
Osteocyte
Epithelial cell
Chrondrocyte
Fibrocyte
A cell in the dermis
Bind to DNA and assist in folding DNA into a chromosome.
Permit mRNA molecules to fold properly after they are transcribed
Permit proteins to fold properly in endoplasmic reticulum
Bind to specific amino acids in the signal sequence
Escort mRNA molecules through nuclear pores
Cytoplasmic, keratin filaments, desmosomes
Transmembrane, one another, desmonsomes
Extracellular proteins, the basal lamina, hemidesmosomes
Transmembrane proteins, basal lamina
Cytoplasmic proteins, basal lamina, hemidesmosomes