This BMS 300 Final Review Quiz assesses knowledge on hormonal signaling mechanisms, focusing on endocrine signaling, receptor types, and hormone action sites. It's designed to test comprehension of intracellular and cell surface receptors, and hormone-receptor interactions, crucial for advanced studies in biology and medicine.
Phosphate head groups
Fatty acid side chains
Carbon to carbon bonds
Glycerol backbone
Ester bonds
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Nerves
Ganglia
Nuclei
Tracts
Efferents
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Nuclear pores
The rough endoplasmic reticulum
Ribosomes
The lipid bilayer
Lysosomes
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Water will not flow because osmotic forces are balanced
Water will flow from right to left because the osmotic concentration of the NaCl is higher
Water will flow from left to right because the osmotic concentration of the urea is higher
Urea will diffuse from right to left
A and d are correct
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Carboxycylic acid groups
Amine groups
Peptide bonds
R groups
Phosphodiester bond
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Collagen fibers provide resistance to lateral shear forces
Hydroxyapatite (mostly calcium phosphate) provides resistance to compression forces
Osteons are organized in columns that run parallel to the long axis of the bone
An osteon contains a central canal occupied by a blood vessel
All of the above are correct
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Keratin
Microtubules
Actin
Collagen
Elastin
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ATPase
GTP binding protein
Ca2+ binding protein
Kinase
All of the above are correct
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Bind to DNA and assist in folding DNA into a chromosome.
Permit mRNA molecules to fold properly after they are transcribed
Permit proteins to fold properly in endoplasmic reticulum
Bind to specific amino acids in the signal sequence
Escort mRNA molecules through nuclear pores
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Voltage-gated Ca2+ channel
Voltage-gated Na+ channel
Voltage-gated K+ channel
K+ leak channel
Both voltage-gated Na+ channel and Voltage-gated K+ channel
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Kinase, vesicles, microtubles
ATPase, microtubules, actin
Kinase, vesicles, actin
ATPase, vesicles, actin
ATPase, vesicles, microtubules
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The release of neurotransmitter from the lower motor neuron
The opening of Ligand-gated channels in the muscle cell
The depolarization of the T-tubule membrane adjacent to the SR
The release of Ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum
The opening of voltage-gated Na+ channels in the sarcolemma
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Endoplasmic reticulum
Ribosomes
DNA
RNA
Protein
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A. block or slow action potential propagation in the peripheral nervous system
B. prevent the uptake of neurotransmitters in the central nervous system
C. disrupt the function of cells responsible for the immune response in the central nervous system
D. demyelinate axons in the peripheral nervous system
A and d are correct
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The cytoplasm, rough endoplasmic reticulum
Vesicles, actin filaments
The cytoplasm, microtubules
Vesicles, microtubules
Vesicles, cytoplasmic proteins
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Autocrine signaling
Paracrine signaling
Neutral signaling
Endocrine signaling
Neuroendocrine signaling
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Exocrine refers to secretion of a substance into the bloodstream
Endocrine refers to secretion of a neurotransmitter
Exocrine refers to secretion of a substance into a duct
Endocrine refers to secretion of a substance into a duct
Exocrine refers to secretion of a neurotransmitter
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A. motor information
B. sensory information
C. both sensory and motor information
D. efferent information
Sensory information and efferent information
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Osteocyte
Epithelial cell
Chrondrocyte
Fibrocyte
A cell in the dermis
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Is an all or non potential
Is graded with the number of voltage-gated channels that open
Has a threshold for generation
Will vary in size depending on the number of ligand-gated ionotropic channels that open
Is an all or non potential AND has a threshold for generation
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Remain unchanged along the entire length of the neuron
Initiate an action potential
Reinitiate themselves every few millimeters
Normally dissipate within a few millimeters of the site of their initiation
Reach threshold within a few millimeters of the site of their initiation
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Internodal region, input region
Nodes of Ranvier, input
Dendrites, input region
Nodes of Ranvier, conductile
Cell body, input region
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Epithelial cells, stratum corneum
Chondrocytes, dermis
Fibrocytes, dermis
Epithelial cells, stratum basale
Fibrocytes, stratum basale
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TRNA (transfer RNA)
MRNA(messenger RNA)
RRNA (ribosomal RNA)
The protein transloactor
The start codon
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Chrondrocyte
Fibrocyte
Osteocyte
Hemotopoietic cell of the spongy bone
All of the above are correct
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Voltage-gated Na channels are opening
Voltage-gated Na channels are closing
Voltage-gated K channels are closing
Voltage-gated K channels are opening
Voltage gated Na channels are closing AND voltage-gated K channels are opening
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Actin complex
Motor protein
ATPase
Intermediate filament protein
Microtubule binding protein
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Reduce the duration of the action potential
Prevent the membrane from reaching the threshold
Prevent or prolong the return of the membrane potential to the resting level
Prevent the inactivation of voltage-gated Na+ channels
Prevent or prolong the return of the membrane potential to the resting level AND prevent the inactivation of voltage-gated Na+ channels
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A. gap junctions
B. desmosomes
C. hemidesmosomes
D. tight junctions
C and d are correct
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A. hydrogen bonds
B. peptide bonds
C. phosphodiester bonds
D. hydrophobic bonds
B and c are correct
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Transactivation domain, DNA binding domain, hormone binding domain
Translation domain, DNA binding domain, hormone binding domain
Transactivation domain, mitochondrial binding domain, hormone binding domain
Transactivation domain, DNA binding domain, mitochondrial binding domain
Membrane binding domain, translation domain, nuclear binding domain
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A single EPSP drives the membrane potential at the trigger zone to threshold
A potential with an amplitude less than 2 mV reaches the trigger zone and is sufficient to generate an action potential
Many (at least 20 and probably many more) EPSPs must summate at the trigger zone
The opening of ligand-gated channels in the input region opens nearby voltage-gated Na+ channels confined to the cell body and dendrites of the same cell
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Luteinizing hormone (LH)
Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
Oxytocin (OT)
Growth hormone (GH)
All of the above are released by cells in the anterior pituitary
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Is composed of hydrophobic amino acids
Determines that the protein will be synthesized on rough endoplasmic reticulum
Binds to a signal recognition particle
Binds to the protein translocator in the endoplasmic reticulum
All of the above are correct
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Ventral horn on the same side of the cord as the degenerating axons in the tract
Dorsal horn on the opposite side of the cord as the degenerating axons in the tract
Dorsal horn on the same side of the cord as the degenerating axons in the tract
Thalamus on the same side
Dorsal column nuclei
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A.) In the nucleus
B.) In the ribosome
C.) In the cytoplasm
D.) In the endoplasmic reticulum
B and c are correct
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Preventing the repolarization of the action potential in the somatic efferent.
Preventing neurotransmitter release.
Preventing the action potential from reaching the output region of the lower motor neuron.
Preventing the initiation of action potentials in the lower motor neuron.
C and d are correct
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A. the type of neuron that releases the neurotransmitter
B. the ability of the neurotransmitter to move through the ligand-gated channel
C. the receptor that binds the neurotransmitter
D. the neurotransmitter that binds to the receptor
Both a and d are correct
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EPSPs summate with EPSPs
IPSPs summate with IPSPs
EPSPs summate with IPSPs
Action potentials summate
All except "action potentials summate" are correct
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The nucleus
The Golgi apparatus
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Free ribosomes
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Messenger RNA, peptide bonds
Transfer RNA, ionic bonds
Ribosomal RNA, peptide bonds
Transfer RNA, peptide bonds
Ribosomal RNA, hydrogen bonds
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Cerebellum
Temporal lobe
Parietal lobe
Frontal lobe
Occipital lobe
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Epimysium
Endomysim
Perimysium
Alpha-actinin forming z-lines
All of the above are intracellular structures
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Translation, protein
Replication, DNA
Transcription, RNA
Translation, RNA
Transcription, protein
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Cytoplasmic proteins
Transmembrane proteins
Lysosomal proteins
Secreted proteins
All of the above are correct
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All modalities of somatosensory information from the left side of the body
Pain, temperature and crude touch from the left side of the body
Fine touch and proprioception from the left side of the body
Pain, temperature, and crude touch from the right side of the body
Fine touch and proprioception from the right side of the body
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Kinase; tyrosine
Phosphatase; tyrosine
Kinase; insulin
Phosphatase; insulin
None of the above
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Lysosomes
Golgi apparatus
Endoplasmic reticulum
Cytoplasm
All except (cytoplasm) are true
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