Pharm Workshop Ans Phrmcolgy W Exp
.
- 1.Which of the following autonomic receptors is most prevalent in vascular endothelium?
- A.
Nn
- B.
Nm
- C.
Alpha-1
- D.
Alpha-2
- E.
Beta-1
- F.
Beta-2
- G.
M2
- H.
M3
- 2.Which of the following autonomic receptors is most prevalent in cell body of neurons of otic ganglion?
- A.
Nn
- B.
Nm
- C.
Alpha-1
- D.
Alpha-2
- E.
Beta-1
- F.
Beta-2
- G.
M2
- H.
M3
- 3.Which of the following effects of epinephrine is mainly mediated by the activation of alpha-2 receptors?
- A.
Increased AV conduction
- B.
Stimulation of insulin secretion
- C.
Stimulation of renin secretion
- D.
Bronchodilation
- E.
Decreased production of aqueous humor
- F.
Increased lipolysis
- G.
Contraction of bladder sphincter
- 4.Which of the following statements best explains why an IV injection of norepinephrine usually causes very little effects on cardiac output in normal subjects?
- A.
The norepinephrine-induced vasoconstriction decreases the end diastolic volume
- B.
The increased total peripheral resistance tends to reduce preload
- C.
The reflex bradycardia balances the direct increased stroke volume
- D.
The decreased end systolic volume balances the increase in cardiac contractility
- E.
The increased total peripheral resistance causes a decreased firing of baroreceptors
- 5.A 53-year-old man was brought to the emergency room because of a crushing substernal pain of one hour duration. Vital signs on admission were: BP 88/50, pulse 115 bpm, cardiac output 2.3 L/min. A diagnosis of cardiogenic shock was made and a therapy was started which included an IV infusion of a drug. Which of the following molecular actions most likely mediated the therapeutic effectiveness of the drug in this patient?
- A.
Activation of phospholipase A2
- B.
Increased synthesis of IP3 and DAG
- C.
Increased synthesis of cAMP
- D.
Increased synthesis of cGMP
- E.
Opening of ligand gated Na+ channels
- F.
Opening of ligand-gated K+ channels
- 6.A 52-year-old man was admitted to the coronary care unit with a diagnosis of myocardial infarction. Two hours later he developed a ventricular fibrillation and was defibrillated immediately but without success. A cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) was started, two additional shocks were given at a higher energy, but the patient remained unresponsive. At this time a bolus of epinephrine was given IV, while continuing the CPR. The beneficial effect of the drug in this setting seems mainly related to which of the following actions?
- A.
Alpha-1 receptor mediated vasoconstriction
- B.
Beta-2 receptor mediated vasodilation
- C.
Beta-2 receptor mediated increase in cardiac contractility
- D.
Beta-1 receptor mediated increase in renin secretion
- E.
Beta-2 receptor mediated bronchodilation
- 7.A 54-year-old patient suffering from postural hypotension was admitted to the hospital for evaluation. A tyramine infusion was not able to rise the blood pressure, while a very small dose of norepinephrine caused a transient and big elevation of blood pressure. These results would suggest a degeneration of which of the following structures?
- A.
Medulla oblongata
- B.
Preganglionic sympathetic neurons
- C.
Postganglionic parasympathetic neurons
- D.
Preganglionic parasympathetic neurons
- E.
Postganglionic sympathetic neurons
- 8.
![The following diagram represents a noradrenergic terminal.
Which of the following sites in the diagram represents the site of
action of metyrosine? - ProProfs]( "The following diagram represents a noradrenergic terminal.
Which of the following sites in the diagram represents the site of
action of metyrosine?")
The following diagram represents a noradrenergic terminal. Which of the following sites in the diagram represents the site of action of metyrosine?- A.
A
- B.
B
- C.
C
- D.
D
- E.
E
- F.
F
- G.
G
- H.
H
- 9.Which of the following actions most likely contribute to the tachycardia that may occur after the administration of prazosin?
- A.
Decreased firing rates of carotid baroreceptors
- B.
Increased cardiac contractility
- C.
Release of norepinephrine from cardiac adrenergic terminals
- D.
Increased venous return to the heart
- E.
Blockade of muscarinic receptors in the heart
- 10.Which of the following effects can be elicited by both nonselective and selective beta blockers?
- A.
Increased intestinal peristalsis
- B.
Mydriasis
- C.
Increased duration of the diastole
- D.
Bronchoconstriction
- E.
Decreased glycogenolysis
- F.
Cycloplegia
- 11.
![An IV injection of drug X was given to a laboratory animal before and after the administration of atropine and the heart rate was recorded. The results are depicted below:
Which of the following drugs was most likely drug X?
- ProProfs]( "An IV injection of drug X was given to a laboratory animal before and after the administration of atropine and the heart rate was recorded. The results are depicted below:
Which of the following drugs was most likely drug X?")
An IV injection of drug X was given to a laboratory animal before and after the administration of atropine and the heart rate was recorded. The results are depicted below: Which of the following drugs was most likely drug X?- A.
Epinephrine
- B.
Norepinephrine
- C.
Prazosin
- D.
Albuterol
- E.
Isoproterenol
- F.
Dobutamine
- 12.
![An IV injection of epinephrine was given to a laboratory animal before and after the administration of a new drug X. The change in heart rate and bronchiolar resistance were recorded. The results are depicted in the following figure:
Which of the following drugs does the new agent most closely resemble?
- ProProfs]( "An IV injection of epinephrine was given to a laboratory animal before and after the administration of a new drug X. The change in heart rate and bronchiolar resistance were recorded. The results are depicted in the following figure:
Which of the following drugs does the new agent most closely resemble?")
An IV injection of epinephrine was given to a laboratory animal before and after the administration of a new drug X. The change in heart rate and bronchiolar resistance were recorded. The results are depicted in the following figure: Which of the following drugs does the new agent most closely resemble?- A.
Albuterol
- B.
Timolol
- C.
Metoprolol
- D.
Atropine
- E.
Propranolol
- F.
Prazosin
- 13.A 55-year-old alcoholic man with liver cirrhosis was admitted to the intensive care unit with a two week history of intermittent melena. Esophagoscopy revealed three chains of large varices in the lower esophagus with signs of recent bleeding. An appropriate treatment was performed which included a drug aimed at reducing portal pressure. Which of the following drugs was most likely administered ?
- A.
Albuterol
- B.
Propranolol
- C.
Methyldopa
- D.
Clonidine
- E.
Prazosin
- F.
Epinephrine
- 14.
![A new autonomic drug that does not enter the brain was given IV to
healthy volunteers. The cardiovascular effects are tabulated below
The effects of the new drug are most similar to those of which of
the following agents? - ProProfs]( "A new autonomic drug that does not enter the brain was given IV to
healthy volunteers. The cardiovascular effects are tabulated below
The effects of the new drug are most similar to those of which of
the following agents?")
A new autonomic drug that does not enter the brain was given IV to healthy volunteers. The cardiovascular effects are tabulated below The effects of the new drug are most similar to those of which of the following agents?- A.
Dobutamine
- B.
Epinephrine
- C.
Isoproterenol
- D.
Norepinephrine
- E.
Phenylephrine
- 15.
![A new synthetic drug X is to be studied for its cardiovascular
effects. The drug is given IV to three animals while the heart rate
and blood pressure are recorded. The first animals has received no
pretreatment, the second has received an effective dose of
prazosin before drug X, and the third has received an effective dose
of propranolol before drug X. The NET CHANGES (+ or -) in heart
rate and mean blood pressure induced by drug X (not by the
pretreatment) are shown in the following table.
Which of the following agents does drug X most closely resemble? - ProProfs]( "A new synthetic drug X is to be studied for its cardiovascular
effects. The drug is given IV to three animals while the heart rate
and blood pressure are recorded. The first animals has received no
pretreatment, the second has received an effective dose of
prazosin before drug X, and the third has received an effective dose
of propranolol before drug X. The NET CHANGES (+ or -) in heart
rate and mean blood pressure induced by drug X (not by the
pretreatment) are shown in the following table.
Which of the following agents does drug X most closely resemble?")
A new synthetic drug X is to be studied for its cardiovascular effects. The drug is given IV to three animals while the heart rate and blood pressure are recorded. The first animals has received no pretreatment, the second has received an effective dose of prazosin before drug X, and the third has received an effective dose of propranolol before drug X. The NET CHANGES (+ or -) in heart rate and mean blood pressure induced by drug X (not by the pretreatment) are shown in the following table. Which of the following agents does drug X most closely resemble?- A.
Norepinephrine
- B.
Epinephrine
- C.
Isoproterenol
- D.
Phenylephrine
- E.
Albuterol
- 16.A 25-year-old man complained to his physician of insomnia and night-mares. He also felt pain with ambulation at both calves. The man, recently diagnosed with benign essential tremor, started two week ago a drug treatment that was able to improve the tremor. A drug with which of the following mechanisms of action was the patient most likely taking?
- A.
Blockade of Na+ channels in motor nerves
- B.
Activation of alpha-2 receptors in the spinal cord
- C.
Blockade of Nm receptors in motor end plate
- D.
Activation of GABA receptors in the brain stem
- E.
Blockade of beta receptors in striated muscle
- 17.
![A 57-year-old man suffering from open-angle glaucoma has been
receiving a topical drug that decreases the production of aqueous
humor. Which of the labeled structures of the eye, in the diagram
below, is the most likely site of action of that drug?
- ProProfs]( "A 57-year-old man suffering from open-angle glaucoma has been
receiving a topical drug that decreases the production of aqueous
humor. Which of the labeled structures of the eye, in the diagram
below, is the most likely site of action of that drug?")
A 57-year-old man suffering from open-angle glaucoma has been receiving a topical drug that decreases the production of aqueous humor. Which of the labeled structures of the eye, in the diagram below, is the most likely site of action of that drug?- A.
A
- B.
B
- C.
C
- D.
D
- E.
E
- 18.
![The following picture represents different parts of the heart. For
the myocytes present in the part indicated by the arrow, which of
the following would be the prevalent autonomic postreceptor
mechanism?
- ProProfs]( "The following picture represents different parts of the heart. For
the myocytes present in the part indicated by the arrow, which of
the following would be the prevalent autonomic postreceptor
mechanism?")
The following picture represents different parts of the heart. For the myocytes present in the part indicated by the arrow, which of the following would be the prevalent autonomic postreceptor mechanism?- A.
Opening of ligand-gated Na+ channels
- B.
Increased synthesis of IP3 and DAG
- C.
Opening of ligand-gated K+ channels
- D.
Activation of phospholipase A2
- E.
Increased synthesis of cAMP
- 19.A 67-year-old patient presented for routine ophthalmic examination. Tonometry measured an intraocular pressure of 28 mm Hg in both eyes (normal 10-20). The patient has been suffering from complete AV block for two years. The ophthalmologist prescribed a treatment with drugs to be given locally by eye drops. Which of the following drugs was most likely included in the treatment?
- A.
Timolol
- B.
Prazosin
- C.
Isoproterenol
- D.
Pilocarpine
- E.
Albuterol
- F.
Homatropine
- 20.A 82-year-old man resident of a nursing facility complained of frequent urinary urges which often resulted in urine leakage. A drug from which of the following classes would be appropriate to manage the patient’s incontinence?
- A.
Antimuscarinics
- B.
Cholinergics
- C.
Beta-2 agonists
- D.
Ganglionic stimulants
- E.
Alpha-1 antagonists
- F.
Beta-blockers
.JPG "The following diagram represents a noradrenergic terminal.
Which of the following sites in the diagram represents the site of
action of metyrosine?")
.JPG "An IV injection of drug X was given to a laboratory animal before and after the administration of atropine and the heart rate was recorded. The results are depicted below:
Which of the following drugs was most likely drug X?")
.JPG "An IV injection of epinephrine was given to a laboratory animal before and after the administration of a new drug X. The change in heart rate and bronchiolar resistance were recorded. The results are depicted in the following figure:
Which of the following drugs does the new agent most closely resemble?")
.JPG "A new autonomic drug that does not enter the brain was given IV to
healthy volunteers. The cardiovascular effects are tabulated below
The effects of the new drug are most similar to those of which of
the following agents?")
.JPG "A new synthetic drug X is to be studied for its cardiovascular
effects. The drug is given IV to three animals while the heart rate
and blood pressure are recorded. The first animals has received no
pretreatment, the second has received an effective dose of
prazosin before drug X, and the third has received an effective dose
of propranolol before drug X. The NET CHANGES (+ or -) in heart
rate and mean blood pressure induced by drug X (not by the
pretreatment) are shown in the following table.
Which of the following agents does drug X most closely resemble?")
.JPG "A 57-year-old man suffering from open-angle glaucoma has been
receiving a topical drug that decreases the production of aqueous
humor. Which of the labeled structures of the eye, in the diagram
below, is the most likely site of action of that drug?")
.JPG "The following picture represents different parts of the heart. For
the myocytes present in the part indicated by the arrow, which of
the following would be the prevalent autonomic postreceptor
mechanism?")
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