Micro Immunity To Infx And Mycololgy

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| By Chachelly
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Chachelly
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  • 1/14 Questions

    A new pathogen is found. Which of the following compounds would suggest that the agent is a fungus?

    • Peptidoglycan
    • Teichoic acid
    • Endotoxin
    • Chlorophyll
    • Ergosterol
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About This Quiz

This quiz focuses on key aspects of micro immunity and mycology, testing knowledge on effector cells in ADCC, factors in antigen presentation, and specific immune responses to pathogens. It's designed for learners to assess and enhance their understanding of immunological defenses.

Immunology Quizzes & Trivia

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  • 2. 

    Which antibody/effector cell tandem is specific for metazoan parasites?

    • IgM/eosinophil

    • IgG/basophil

    • IgA/NK cell

    • IgE/mast cell

    • IgA/macrophage

    Correct Answer
    A. IgE/mast cell
    Explanation
    IgE is an antibody that is specifically involved in allergic reactions and immune responses against parasites. Mast cells are effector cells that are found in tissues and release inflammatory mediators in response to the binding of IgE antibodies to their surface receptors. This antibody/effector cell tandem is therefore specific for metazoan parasites, making IgE/mast cell the correct answer.

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  • 3. 

    Which of the following receptors of phagocytic cells recognizes LPS?

    • TLR-5

    • TLR-4

    • TLR-1

    • TLR-2

    • TLR-3

    • TLR-6

    • TLR-7

    • TLR-8

    • TLR-9

    • TLR-10

    Correct Answer
    A. TLR-4
    Explanation
    TLR-4 is the correct answer because it is the receptor of phagocytic cells that recognizes LPS (lipopolysaccharide). LPS is a component of the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria and is recognized by TLR-4, leading to the activation of the immune response and the initiation of an inflammatory reaction. TLR-4 is expressed on the surface of macrophages, dendritic cells, and other phagocytic cells, allowing them to detect and respond to bacterial infections.

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  • 4. 

    Antibody-dependent cell cytoxicity (ADCC) relies on which antibody class?

    • IgA

    • IgD

    • IgE

    • IgG

    • IgM

    Correct Answer
    A. IgG
    Explanation
    ADCC relies on the antibody class IgG because IgG antibodies have the ability to bind to target cells and recruit immune cells, such as natural killer cells, to destroy the target cells. This process is mediated by the Fc region of the IgG antibody, which interacts with Fc receptors on immune cells. IgA, IgD, IgE, and IgM do not play a significant role in ADCC.

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  • 5. 

    An auto mechanic in NJ develops Valley Fever caused by Coccidioides immitis even though he has never been to the endemic area in SE US. He does remember changing the oil on a car from California a few weeks ago. You have seen the slides of the organism from his lungs. If you are one of House, MD’s residents and you had to go out to the California car (with a fitted respirator mask on for safety) and get sand out of the bottom of the car and look for the fungus under the microscope back in the lab, what would you be looking for?

    • A form that look just like the forms in the lung

    • A yeast or yeast like form

    • A mold maybe with some type of spores

    Correct Answer
    A. A mold maybe with some type of spores
    Explanation
    Coccioides is a dimorphic fungus. This means it has filamentous forms and spores found in nature and the more yeast-like form (Although in Coccidioides it is not actually yeast but single cells round cells inside a spherule) found in the lungs. (You’ll learn what it looks like later.) So the correct answer is C. (Remember “mold” is the name for hyphal forms.)

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  • 6. 

    What you expect to see in a PAS stained microscopic section from a lung biopsy of disseminated infection with Blastomyces dermatitidis?

    • Tiny red rods with no nuclear membrane

    • Purple diplococci seen only well on oil immersion.

    • Budding ovals stained hot pink red.

    • Dark gray filaments with little branching

    • Flagellated cells with prominent nuclei staining blue

    Correct Answer
    A. Budding ovals stained hot pink red.
    Explanation
    First you needed to recognize Blastomyces as the name of a dimorphic fungus and then remember what form the fungus would take in the body (yeast) and then to remember that fungi on a PAS will show up as hot pink-red color so the answer is the third choice.

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  • 7. 

    Which of the following are not sensitive to the complement-activated membrane attack complex?

    • Naked viruses

    • Enveloped viruses

    • Fungi

    • Helminths

    Correct Answer
    A. Naked viruses
    Explanation
    Naked viruses are not sensitive to the complement-activated membrane attack complex. This is because naked viruses lack an envelope, which is a lipid bilayer that is susceptible to disruption by the membrane attack complex. Therefore, naked viruses are able to evade the immune response mediated by the complement system. In contrast, enveloped viruses have a lipid envelope that can be targeted and destroyed by the membrane attack complex. Fungi and helminths, which are not viruses, are also not sensitive to the membrane attack complex.

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  • 8. 

    3.1) Most commonly, the intracellular parasite Trypanosoma cruzi gains entry through the conjunctiva of the eye of a person rubbing reduviid bug feces and urine, laden with trypanosomes, into the eye following the insect’s blood meal. During the local inflammatory response that follows, some of the parasites are phagocytosed and processed by dendritic cells which then migrate to the pre-auricular lymph node to present trypanosome-derived antigen to naïve CD4 T lymphocytes. Which of the following factors involved in antigen presentation are required for the initiation of a protective TH1 response?

    • MHC class I antigen presentation, CD86 co-stimulation and IL-12

    • MHC class II antigen presentation, CD86 co-stimulation and IL-12

    • MHC class I antigen presentation, CD86 co-stimulation and IL-4

    • MHC class II antigen presentation, CD86 co-stimulation and IL-4

    • MHC class I antigen presentation, CD40 co-stimulation and IL-12

    • MHC class II antigen presentation, CD40 co-stimulation and IL-12

    • MHC class I antigen presentation, CD40 co-stimulation and IL-4

    • MHC class II antigen presentation, CD40 co-stimulation and IL-4

    Correct Answer
    A. MHC class II antigen presentation, CD86 co-stimulation and IL-12
    Explanation
    The difference between questions 2 and 3 is the level of detail. CD4+ T lymphocyte activation requires Ag presentation (which is done by an APC) and cytokine stimulation. Remember however that efficient Ag presentation by APCs also requires two signals: MHC class II antigen presentation and CD86 co-stimulation. So CD4+ T lymphocyte activation actually requires 3 signals: MHC class II Ag presentation, co-stimulation and cytokine stimulation. Therefore, question 2 implies that, during Ag presentation by dendritic cells, both MHC class II Ag presentation and co-stimulation have occurred.

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  • 9. 

    3.2) Which of the following factors involved in antigen presentation are required for the initiation of a protective cell-mediated response?

    • MHC class I antigen presentation, CD86 co-stimulation and IL-12

    • MHC class II antigen presentation, CD86 co-stimulation and IL-12

    • MHC class I antigen presentation, CD86 co-stimulation and IL-4

    • MHC class II antigen presentation, CD86 co-stimulation and IL-4

    • MHC class I antigen presentation, CD40 co-stimulation and IL-12

    • MHC class II antigen presentation, CD40 co-stimulation and IL-12

    • MHC class I antigen presentation, CD40 co-stimulation and IL-4

    • MHC class II antigen presentation, CD40 co-stimulation and IL-4

    Correct Answer
    A. MHC class I antigen presentation, CD86 co-stimulation and IL-12
    Explanation
    MHC class I antigen presentation, CD86 co-stimulation, and IL-12 are required for the initiation of a protective cell-mediated response. MHC class I antigen presentation allows the presentation of intracellular antigens to CD8+ T cells, which are important for cell-mediated immunity. CD86 co-stimulation provides a second signal to T cells, enhancing their activation and proliferation. IL-12 is a cytokine that promotes the differentiation of CD4+ T cells into Th1 cells, which are crucial for cell-mediated immune responses. Therefore, the combination of MHC class I antigen presentation, CD86 co-stimulation, and IL-12 is necessary for the initiation of a protective cell-mediated response.

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  • 10. 

    Which of the following receptors of phagocytic cells recognizes DNA viruses?

    • TLR-1

    • TLR-2

    • TLR-3

    • TLR-7

    • TLR-9

    Correct Answer
    A. TLR-9
    Explanation
    TLR-9 is the correct answer because it is a toll-like receptor that recognizes DNA viruses. Toll-like receptors are a type of pattern recognition receptor that play a crucial role in the innate immune response by recognizing specific patterns on pathogens. TLR-9 specifically recognizes unmethylated CpG motifs that are commonly found in DNA viruses. This recognition triggers a signaling cascade that leads to the activation of phagocytic cells and the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, ultimately helping to eliminate the viral infection.

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  • 11. 

    What are the cells responsible for secreting IL-4 during a TH2 response?

    • Macrophages & CD8+ T lymphocytes

    • NK cells & CD4+ T lymphocytes

    • Basophils & CD4+ T lymphocytes

    • CD4+ T lymphocytes & CD8+ T lymphocytes

    Correct Answer
    A. Basophils & CD4+ T lymphocytes
    Explanation
    Basophils and CD4+ T lymphocytes are the cells responsible for secreting IL-4 during a TH2 response. Basophils are a type of white blood cell that play a role in allergic reactions and release IL-4 to promote the differentiation of CD4+ T lymphocytes into TH2 cells. CD4+ T lymphocytes, also known as helper T cells, are a type of immune cell that release IL-4 to stimulate the production of antibodies and activate other immune cells during a TH2 response. Therefore, the correct answer is Basophils & CD4+ T lymphocytes.

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  • 12. 

    What are the cells responsible for secreting IFN-y during a TH1 response?

    • Macrophages, NK cells & eosinophils

    • NK cells, CD4+ T lymphocytes & CD8+ T lymphocytes

    • Macrophages, CD4+ T lymphocytes & dendritic cells

    • Dendritic cells, CD4+ T lymphocytes & CD8+ T lymphocytes

    Correct Answer
    A. NK cells, CD4+ T lymphocytes & CD8+ T lymphocytes
    Explanation
    The cells responsible for secreting IFN-y during a TH1 response are NK cells, CD4+ T lymphocytes, and CD8+ T lymphocytes. These cells play a crucial role in the immune response by producing IFN-y, which is a key cytokine involved in the activation of macrophages and the elimination of intracellular pathogens. Macrophages and dendritic cells also play important roles in the immune response, but they are not the primary cells responsible for secreting IFN-y during a TH1 response. Eosinophils are typically associated with allergic responses and are not major producers of IFN-y.

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  • 13. 

    Which is(are) the effector cell(s) involved in ADCC? (More than 1 answer)

    • Macrophage

    • Neutrophil

    • NK cell

    • B lymphocyte

    • CD8+ T lymphocyte

    Correct Answer(s)
    A. Macrophage
    A. Neutrophil
    A. NK cell
    Explanation
    Macrophages, neutrophils, and NK cells are all effector cells involved in antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). ADCC is a process in which antibodies bind to target cells, marking them for destruction. These effector cells recognize the antibodies bound to the target cells and release cytotoxic molecules to kill the target cells. B lymphocytes and CD8+ T lymphocytes are not typically involved in ADCC as they primarily function in antibody production and cell-mediated cytotoxicity, respectively.

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  • 14. 

    What are the main events required for CD4 T lymphocyte activation against extracellular pathogens? (More than 1 answer)

    • Antigen presentation by dendritic cells & IL-12 production by macrophages

    • Antigen presentation by dendritic cells & IL-4 production by basophils

    • Antigen presentation by dendritic cells & IL-17 production by IL-6 and TGF-B

    • Antigen presentation by dendritic cells & IL-10 production by macrophages

    • Antigen presentation by dendritic cells & IL-6 production by macrophages

    Correct Answer(s)
    A. Antigen presentation by dendritic cells & IL-4 production by basophils
    A. Antigen presentation by dendritic cells & IL-17 production by IL-6 and TGF-B
    Explanation
    CD4 T lymphocyte activation against extracellular pathogens requires antigen presentation by dendritic cells, which allows the T cells to recognize the pathogen. Additionally, IL-4 production by basophils and IL-17 production by IL-6 and TGF-B are also required for the activation of CD4 T lymphocytes. These cytokines play important roles in regulating the immune response and promoting the activation and differentiation of T cells.

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  • Current Version
  • Mar 20, 2023
    Quiz Edited by
    ProProfs Editorial Team
  • Jun 07, 2012
    Quiz Created by
    Chachelly
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