Block 6 GI Histo Univ Of VirGInia W Expl Prt 2

14 Questions | By Chachelly | Updated: Mar 21, 2022 | Attempts: 74

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Block 6 GI Histo Univ Of VirGInia W Expl Prt 2 - Quiz

From U of Virg med school

Questions and Answers

1.

Which of the following statements is most accurate regarding metoclopraminde when it is used in low doses?
- A.
  
  Decreases gastric acid secretion
- B.
  
  Blocks cholinergic receptors in the stomach wall
- C.
  
  Decreases the tone of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES)
- D.
  
  Acts as an antagonist of 5-HT in myenteric plexuses
- E.
  
  Stimulates gastric contractions and increases peristalsis in the small intestine
2.

Ultrasound examinations of a male fetus in the seventh month of gestation indicate a defect on his right side, lateral to the median plane, in which the viscera protrude into the amniotic cavity. Which of the following conditions will most likely explain these findings?
- A.
  
  Failure of physiological herniation to return to the abdominal cavity
- B.
  
  Incomplete closure of the lateral folds
- C.
  
  Failure of the pleuroperitoneal folds to fuse with the septum transversum
- D.
  
  Failure of the vitelline duct to degenerate
- E.
  
  Non-rotation of the midgut
3.

A 19-year-old male is admitted to the hospital after a violent automobile collision. An MRI examination reveals that the spinal cord has been transected at the L4 level. Which of the following portions of the intestine will most predictably lose parasympathetic innervation from the central nervous system?
- A.
  
  Ascending colon
- B.
  
  Cecum
- C.
  
  Descending colon
- D.
  
  Ileum
4.

Which of the following should be avoided in patients taking clopidogrel?
- A.
  
  Ranitidine
- B.
  
  Omeprazole
- C.
  
  Bismuth
- D.
  
  Cimetidine
- E.
  
  Al(OH)3
5.

As part of a population study of neural tube defects you collect numerous pedigrees of families with an affected member. As part of the analysis, you determine the recurrence risk for various types of families and find the following: Number of Affected Children Recurrence risk 1 3% 2 12% 3 21% Which of the following characteristics of multifactorial inheritance describes this?
- A.
  
  The more severe the phenotype the higher the recurrence risk
- B.
  
  The more affected family members the higher the recurrence risk
- C.
  
  The recurrence risk is highest in first degree relative
- D.
  
  The recurrence risk is highest in families who have affected individuals of the less susceptible sex
6.

Of the following functions, which is not associated with the tissue shown?
- A.
  
  Secretion of mucus and polypeptide hormones
- B.
  
  Production of chylomicrons and delivery to the lymph
- C.
  
  Hydrolysis of peptides and absorption of amino acids
- D.
  
  Synthesis and secretion of pepsinogen
7.

Which of the following statements about antacids that contain aluminum and magnesium is the LEAST valid?
- A.
  
  May slow gastric emptying
- B.
  
  May cause mild alkalosis due to excess plasma bicarbonate
- C.
  
  Heal duodenal ulcers more rapidly than does esomeprazole
- D.
  
  Can cause constipation
- E.
  
  May cause diarrhea in high doses
8.

PPI therapy is linked to:
- A.
  
  Cancer in rodents and humans
- B.
  
  Cancer in rodents but not humans
- C.
  
  Prolonged QT syndrome
- D.
  
  Cardiac arrhythmias
- E.
  
  Gastroparesis
9.

Elderly women who have collagenous colitis:
- A.
  
  Often have lower GI tract hemorrhage.
- B.
  
  Virtually never have a pathogenic organism that causes the colitis.
- C.
  
  Typically have symptoms that resolve over a two week period.
- D.
  
  Have deposition of collagen in the muscularis propria (muscularis externa)
- E.
  
  Usually have involvement of the proximal small intestine.
10.

Which of the following statements about antacids that contain aluminum and magnesium is the LEAST valid?
- A.
  
  May slow gastric emptying
- B.
  
  May cause mild alkalosis due to excess plasma bicarbonate
- C.
  
  Heal duodenal ulcers more rapidly than does esomeprazole
- D.
  
  Can cause constipation
- E.
  
  May cause diarrhea in high doses
11.

You are conducting a study of idiopathic scoliosis (curvature of the spine). In its isolated form, scoliosis appears to be a multifactorial disorder. It is much more common in females than males. Select the individual described below who is at the highest risk for scoliosis. You may assume that there is no other family history.
- A.
  
  The male sib of a male proband
- B.
  
  The female sib of a female proband
- C.
  
  The male sib of a female proband
- D.
  
  The female sib of a male proband
12.

One in 500 persons is born without the ability to make IgA, yet few have chronic mucosal infections over their lifetime. The most likely reason why these individuals are not persistently ill is best answered by which statement:
- A.
  
  The prominent IgA isotype in mucosa (IgA2) is not affected in the deficiency
- B.
  
  Secretary IgA, as the most plentiful immunoglobuin in the body, is diminished but not absent in the deficiency
- C.
  
  In these circumstances, the body is able to repair the poly-Ig receptor on epithelium as well as make new secretory component and J chain, and thus overcome the deficiency
- D.
  
  IgM can substitute for IgA in mucosa and can be actively transported across epithelium and released as a complex containing secretory component/J chain /the IgM pentamer, to carry out the same functions as secretory IgA.
13.

A 30-year-old woman is evaluated for a 9-month history of cramping periumbilical discomfort that is relieved by defecation; the discomfort is sometimes accompanied by bloating. The stool is often loose or watery. She has not had fever, chills, or weight loss. The patient is otherwise healthy and takes no medications; there is no family history of gastrointestinal disease. On physical examination, the patient is afebrile; the blood pressure is 105/70 mm Hg, the pulse rate is 72/min, the respiration rate is 14/min, and the BMI is 23. The abdomen is soft and not tender or distended; the stool is brown and negative for occult blood. Complete blood count and serum biochemistry studies, including liver studies, vitamin B₁₂, vitamin D, and thyroid-stimulating hormone, are normal. Which of the following is the most appropriate management for this patient?
- A.
  
  Colonoscopy
- B.
  
  CT enterography
- C.
  
  Gluten-free diet
- D.
  
  Symptomatic management
- E.
  
  EGD
14.

Bismuth subcitrate (peptobismol) is:
- A.
  
  Organic stool softener; promotes colonic motility
- B.
  
  Poorly absorbed; used for rapid effect before bowel surgery
- C.
  
  Poorly absorbed opioid; slows transit of intestinal contents
- D.
  
  Can promote healing of peptic ulcers
- E.
  
  Promotes secretion of H2O into the colon; chronic use can produce "cathartic colon"