Academic Success Week 07 - GI Intro & GI Histology

19 Questions | By Rossstudent | Updated: Mar 22, 2022 | Attempts: 97

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1.

A scientist genetically engineers a mouse to lack the hormone secretin. Compared with a normal animal, which of the following would be expected to be increased in the mutant mouse?
- A.
  
  PH of pancreatic ductular secretion
- B.
  
  Volume of pancreatic secretion
- C.
  
  PH of duodenal contents
- D.
  
  Susceptibility to duodenal erosions and ulcerations
- E.
  
  Gallbladder contractibility
2.

A 50-year-old male patient comes to his primary care physician complaining of a chronic burning sensation in his chest. The pain is worse when lying down at night after a meal, and can be alleviated to some degree by the use of over-the-counter antacids. The pain experienced by the patient is most likely due to dysfunction of which of the following gastrointestinal structures?
- A.
  
  Pylorus
- B.
  
  Lower esophageal sphincter
- C.
  
  Upper esophageal sphincter
- D.
  
  Pancreas
- E.
  
  Colonic enteric nervous system
3.

As part of a diagnostic test, a gastroenterologist uses an endoscope to deliver a bolus of dilute acid into the distal esophagus. The bolus is sufficient to cause esophageal dilatation. In a normal individual, the bolus will be cleared from the esophagus predominantly by which of the following?
- A.
  
  Primary peristalsis
- B.
  
  Swallowing
- C.
  
  Relaxation of the upper esophageal sphincter
- D.
  
  Receptive relaxation
- E.
  
  Secondary peristalsis
- F.
  
  Gravity
4.

Mr. Simms is having lunch at his team's practice facility. As he swallows food, his stomach changes size to accommodate his meal. What motor neurons specifically mediate this response at the smooth muscle level?
- A.
  
  Stimulatory neurons from the myenteric plexus
- B.
  
  Sympathetic neurons from thoracic autonomic ganglia
- C.
  
  Stimulatory neurons from the submucosal plexus
- D.
  
  Inhibitory neurons from the myenteric plexus
- E.
  
  Parasympathetic neurons from the thoracic autonomic ganglia
5.

Which of the following pattern of smooth muscle contraction is characteristic of the stomach and small intestines during a period of fasting?
- A.
  
  Peristalsis
- B.
  
  Segmentation
- C.
  
  Migrating motor complex
- D.
  
  Mass movement
6.

In the control of gastric motility, there are several factors that inhibit motility and/or promote relaxation, including duodenal hormones such as cholecystokinin (CCK). What is the primary signal for release of CCK from intestinal cells into the blood?
- A.
  
  Increased gastric motility
- B.
  
  Fatty acids in the duodenum
- C.
  
  Bile acids in the ileum
- D.
  
  Acid in the duodenum
- E.
  
  Increased intestinal motility
7.

Which of the following neurotransmitters, hormones or paracrine substances has the greatest impact on acid secretion by the parietal cells of the gastric mucosa?
- A.
  
  Histamine
- B.
  
  Acetylcholine
- C.
  
  Gastrin
- D.
  
  Somatostatin
8.

As the rate of secretion increases in both the salivary glands and pancreas, which of the following ions is found to increase most?
- A.
  
  Chloride
- B.
  
  Potassium
- C.
  
  Sodium
- D.
  
  Bicarbonate
9.

A 22 year old university student, Ms. Smith, complains of pain in the central abdomen. It gradually increased in severity and became localized to the lower right abdomen. She developed nausea and vomiting as well. As the pain increased in intensity, she was brought to the ER where her was temperature was 38 degree C. What is the probable diagnosis?
- A.
  
  Acute cholecystitis
- B.
  
  Acute appendicitis
- C.
  
  Peptic ulcer
- D.
  
  Biliary colic
- E.
  
  Acute pancreatitis
10.

A patient presents with recurrent fatty diarrhea, malabsorption, weakness, anemia for about last 6 months. Which part of the gastro-intestinal system is most important for digestion and absorption?
- A.
  
  Oral cavity
- B.
  
  Esophagus or gullet
- C.
  
  Stomach
- D.
  
  Small Intestine
- E.
  
  Large Intestine
11.

As part of a research study, a volunteer undergoes a test known as scintigraphy, in which the transit of a swallowed soluble radioactively labeled tracer is tracked over time as it travels through the gut. Assuming this volunteer has normal gastrointestinal function, how long following the swallow would it take the tracer to appear in the colon?
- A.
  
  7 - 10 hours
- B.
  
  0.5 - 1 hour
- C.
  
  1 - 3 hours
- D.
  
  24 - 30 hours
- E.
  
  More than 30 hours
12.

GI Histology Which one of the following statements concerning the histological structures in the fundus/body region of the stomach is correct?
- A.
  
  Long pits and very short glands are found there.
- B.
  
  Parietal cells are located mainly at the base of the gastric glands and chief cells are found primarily at the neck region of the gastric glands.
- C.
  
  Chief cells produce pepsin
- D.
  
  Gastric glands do not contain APUD cells
- E.
  
  Villi and crypts are the characteristic features there
13.

As saliva passes through the striated duct, which of the following changes occurs?
- A.
  
  Active secretion of Na+
- B.
  
  Active secretion of water
- C.
  
  Active secretion of CI¬
- D.
  
  Active absorption of Na+
- E.
  
  Active absorption of K+
14.

A transition from simple columnar epithelium with simple tubular glands (predominant cells are goblet) to non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium are revealed in a histological slide. The sample is taken from one spot of the gastrointestinal tract. Based on the tissue types, which part of GI tube is under examination?
- A.
  
  Junction of esophagus and cardia of stomach
- B.
  
  Junction of pylorus of stomach and duodenum
- C.
  
  Junction of excretory duct of salivary glands and oral cavity
- D.
  
  Junction of sigmoid colon and rectum
- E.
  
  Pectinate line
15.

Which of the following statement concerning enteroendocrine cells (EEC) is correct?
- A.
  
  Paneth cells are a type of EEC
- B.
  
  EECs in the stomach are derived from surface mucous cells
- C.
  
  There is no EEC in the duodenum.
- D.
  
  G cells are EECs and they produce gastrin
- E.
  
  D cells are EECs and they are found in the gastric pits.
16.

Which of the following structures cannot be found in submandibular gland?
- A.
  
  Mucous acinus
- B.
  
  Serous acinus
- C.
  
  Intercalated duct
- D.
  
  Centroacinar cells
- E.
  
  Striated duct
17.

Which one of the following statements concerning the histological structures in the fundus/body region of the stomach is correct?
- A.
  
  Long pits and very short glands are found there.
- B.
  
  Parietal cells are located mainly at the base of the gastric glands and chief cells are found primarily at the neck region of the gastric glands.
- C.
  
  Chief cells produce intrinsic factor
- D.
  
  Gastric glands contain APUD cells.
- E.
  
  Villi and crypts are the characteristic features there.
18.

Parietal cells possess receptors for which of the following hormones?
- A.
  
  Cholecystokinin
- B.
  
  Somatostatin
- C.
  
  Gastrin
- D.
  
  Secretin
- E.
  
  Serotonin
19.

Which of the following structures is not a characteristic feature of small intestine?
- A.
  
  Plicae circulars
- B.
  
  Microvilli
- C.
  
  Rugae
- D.
  
  Villi
- E.
  
  Peyer's patches