Gross Anatomy & Histology Quiz

Cardiac muscle is indeed located in the heart wall. The heart is primarily composed of cardiac muscle tissue, which is unique to the heart and enables it to contract and pump blood throughout the body. This muscle tissue is responsible for the rhythmic contractions that allow the heart to function as a pump, providing oxygen and nutrients to the body's tissues. Therefore, the statement "Cardiac muscle located in heart wall" is true.

Bell's palsy is indeed a paralysis in the face caused by the inflammation or compression of the facial nerve. This condition leads to the sudden weakness or inability to control the muscles on one side of the face, resulting in drooping of the eyelid, drooling, difficulty in closing the eye or smiling, and loss of taste. It is usually temporary and can be caused by viral infections, such as the herpes simplex virus. Treatment options include medication, physical therapy, and sometimes surgery.

Intervertebral discs are fibrocartilaginous cushions located between adjacent vertebrae in the spine. They act as shock absorbers, allowing for flexibility and movement while also providing stability to the spine. These discs are present from the second cervical vertebra (C2) down to the sacrum. Therefore, the statement that intervertebral discs are located between neighboring vertebrae from C2 down to the sacrum is true.

The attachment of a muscle tendon to the stationary bone is referred to as the origin. This is typically the proximal attachment point. In other words, the origin is where the muscle begins and remains relatively fixed during contraction. It provides stability and acts as an anchor for the muscle to generate force and movement at the insertion point, which is the attachment to the movable bone.

The pectoral shoulder girdle is a group of bones that includes the clavicle and scapula. These bones connect the upper limbs (arms) to the axial skeleton, which includes the skull, spine, and ribcage. This attachment allows for movement and stability of the upper limbs, enabling activities such as reaching, lifting, and throwing. Therefore, the statement is true.

Organs are structures that are composed of two or more different tissues and have specific functions. They are formed when different tissues come together to perform a specialized task or function. Organs are higher in complexity compared to individual cells and are essential for the proper functioning of the body. They work together within systems to carry out vital processes and maintain homeostasis. Examples of organs include the heart, lungs, liver, and kidneys.

The appendicular skeleton refers to the bones that make up the limbs and the girdles that attach them to the axial skeleton. This includes the bones of the upper and lower extremities (such as the arms, hands, legs, and feet) as well as the shoulder and hip girdles (which connect the arms and legs to the rest of the body). Therefore, the statement that the appendicular skeleton includes the bones of the upper and lower extremities and the shoulder and hip girdles is true.

The diaphragm is indeed a thin skeletal muscle that is located at the base of the chest. It plays a crucial role in the process of respiration by contracting and relaxing to help with breathing. This muscle separates the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity, allowing the lungs to expand and contract properly during inhalation and exhalation. Therefore, the statement "The Diaphragm is a thin skeletal muscle that sits at the base of the chest and separates the abdomen from the chest" is true.

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The correct answer is Teres Major. The rotator cuff muscles are a group of muscles that stabilize the shoulder joint. They include the Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, and Subscapularis muscles. The Teres Major muscle, although located near the shoulder, is not considered part of the rotator cuff muscles. It is involved in movements of the arm and shoulder, but it does not directly contribute to the stability of the shoulder joint like the other rotator cuff muscles do.

Elasticity refers to the ability of muscle tissue to return to its original shape after being stretched. This means that the muscle can stretch and then contract back to its original length without any permanent deformation or damage. Elasticity is an important property of muscle tissue as it allows for efficient movement and function, ensuring that the muscle can withstand stretching and still maintain its strength and structure.

The pectoral girdle consists of two clavicles and two scapula. The clavicles, also known as collarbones, connect the sternum to the scapulae. The scapulae, also known as shoulder blades, are flat triangular bones that sit on the upper back. Together, the clavicles and scapulae form the bony framework of the shoulder, providing stability and allowing for movement of the upper limbs.

The radius and ulna are the two bones in the forearm that articulate with the humerus at the elbow joint. They also articulate with three carpal bones, which are located in the wrist. This means that the statement is true, as the radius and ulna do indeed articulate with the humerus at the elbow joint and with three carpal bones.

The explanation for the given correct answer is that the surface of bones does indeed have surface markings called osseous landmarks, which are structural features that are adapted to specific functions. These surface markings can be categorized into two major types: depressions and openings, and processes. Therefore, the statement "the surface of bones have surface markings" is true.

The correct answer is "Skin and its appendages." The integumentary system refers to the skin and its associated structures, such as hair, nails, and glands. It serves as a protective barrier for the body, regulating temperature, preventing water loss, and providing sensory information.

The backbone or spine is made up of 26 vertebrae.

The Coronal Suture in the skull is located between the Parietal Bone and Frontal Bone. The coronal suture is one of the major sutures in the skull that connects the frontal bone (located at the front of the skull) with the parietal bones (located on the sides and top of the skull). This suture is easily visible and helps to divide the skull into the frontal and parietal regions.

Eversion refers to the movement of the sole of the foot outward or laterally. This movement occurs when the foot is turned away from the midline of the body. In contrast, inversion is the movement of the sole of the foot inward or medially towards the midline. Abduction refers to moving a body part away from the midline, while adduction refers to moving a body part towards the midline. Therefore, in this case, eversion is the correct answer.

Spongy bone tissue is characterized by the arrangement of trabeculae in an irregular latticework and the presence of spaces that may be filled with red bone marrow. It is found in the interior of short, flat, and irregular bones, as well as in the epiphyses of long bones. Therefore, all of the given statements about spongy bone tissue are correct.

The muscles of mastication are responsible for the movement of the jaw during chewing. The temporalis, masseter muscle, and medial & lateral pterygoid are all muscles involved in this process. However, the buccinator muscle is not directly involved in mastication. Instead, it is a facial muscle that helps in the movement of the cheeks and lips, aiding in functions such as blowing, whistling, and sucking.

False ribs are ribs that do not directly attach to the sternum. In humans, there are 12 pairs of ribs, and the first 7 pairs are considered true ribs because they directly connect to the sternum. The remaining 5 pairs are called false ribs. They either attach to the sternum indirectly through cartilage or do not attach to the sternum at all. Therefore, the correct answer is 8-12.

The ulna does not articulate with the capitulum of the humerus. Instead, it articulates with the trochlea of the humerus. The capitulum of the humerus articulates with the radius bone. Therefore, the statement is false.

Gomphosis is the correct answer because it is the type of joint where the root of a tooth is attached to a periodontal ligament and held into a tooth socket. Gomphosis is a specialized type of fibrous joint found only in the teeth, providing stability and support to the tooth within the socket. The other options mentioned, such as sutures, syndesmosis, and serrate suture, are not relevant to the attachment of the tooth root to the periodontal ligament.

The scapular spine does not end as the coracoid process. The scapular spine is a bony ridge on the posterior side of the scapula, while the coracoid process is a separate bony projection located on the anterior side of the scapula. Therefore, the statement is false.

The pectoral girdle consists of the scapula and clavicle. The scapula, also known as the shoulder blade, is a flat, triangular bone that connects the upper arm bone (humerus) to the clavicle. The clavicle, or collarbone, is a long, slender bone that connects the sternum (breastbone) to the scapula. Together, the scapula and clavicle form the framework for the shoulder, allowing for movement and stability of the upper limb.

When an oval surface fits into a concave depression, it allows movement in two perpendicular directions. This type of joint is known as a condyloid joint. In a condyloid joint, the oval-shaped condyle of one bone fits into the concave socket of another bone, allowing for flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and circumduction movements. This joint is found in the wrist, where the oval-shaped end of the radius bone fits into the concave surface of the carpal bones. Therefore, the correct answer is Condyloid.

The swimming muscle is inserted in the intertubercular sulcus of the humerus. This means that the muscle attaches to the groove on the upper part of the humerus bone. This insertion point allows the swimming muscle to have a strong connection to the humerus bone, which is important for the muscle to generate the necessary force and movement during swimming activities.

The correct answer is the Acromioclavicular Joint. This joint is located where the clavicle (collarbone) articulates with the acromion process of the scapula (shoulder blade). It is responsible for allowing movement and stability between the clavicle and scapula, specifically in the shoulder girdle. The glenohumeral joint, on the other hand, is the main joint of the shoulder, where the humerus (upper arm bone) articulates with the glenoid fossa of the scapula. The sternoclavicular joint is located where the clavicle meets the sternum (breastbone).

The correct answer is C2-C6. The bifid spinous process refers to a feature of the cervical vertebrae where the spine splits into two at the posterior midline. This characteristic is present in the second to the sixth cervical vertebrae, which corresponds to C2-C6.

The explanation for the answer "False" is that the statement is incorrect. The anterolateral fontanels are not paired, but rather there is a single anterolateral fontanel located on each side of the skull. Additionally, the anterolateral fontanels are not located among the frontal, parietal, temporal, and sphenoid bones, but rather between the frontal, parietal, and temporal bones. Lastly, the anterolateral fontanels do not close about 2 months after birth, but rather they close by 18-24 months of age.