Monthly Quiz - Oct 2016

The correct answer is "Nail plate." Tinea ungium, also known as onychomycosis, is a fungal infection that affects the nail plate. The nail plate is the hard, protective covering of the nail, and it is the part that is most commonly affected by this condition. The other options listed, such as nail fold, joints, and interdigital space, are not typically associated with tinea ungium.

The hormone produced by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland regulates growth. This hormone, known as growth hormone or somatotropin, stimulates cell division and multiplication in various tissues and organs of the body, leading to overall growth and development. It plays a crucial role in childhood growth, bone and muscle development, as well as maintaining tissue health in adults.

Someone who has high cholesterol and doesn't exercise very often is likely to have hypertension. High cholesterol can lead to the buildup of plaque in the arteries, causing them to narrow and become less flexible. This can increase blood pressure as the heart has to work harder to pump blood through the narrowed arteries. Additionally, lack of exercise can contribute to weight gain and poor cardiovascular health, further increasing the risk of hypertension. Therefore, the combination of high cholesterol and lack of exercise is likely to result in hypertension.

A patient who has hypotension, which is low blood pressure, is likely to experience dizziness. Hypotension can cause inadequate blood flow to the brain, leading to symptoms such as lightheadedness, fainting, and dizziness. This is because the brain does not receive enough oxygen and nutrients when blood pressure is low. While a heart attack, stroke, or burst blood vessels can also have various symptoms, dizziness is more directly associated with hypotension.

The kidney is responsible for multiple functions in the body. It helps regulate blood pressure by controlling the volume of blood and the release of hormones that affect blood vessels. It filters waste products from the blood, removing toxins and excess substances. The kidney also plays a role in regulating the pH of the body, maintaining a balance between acidity and alkalinity. Additionally, it helps regulate the body's electrolyte concentration, ensuring proper levels of ions such as sodium, potassium, and calcium. Therefore, all of the given options are correct functions of the kidney.

The term "wrist" refers to the joint that connects the hand to the forearm. It is a complex joint that consists of multiple small bones called carpals, which are connected by cartilage. The wrist joint allows for a wide range of movements and is essential for activities that involve the use of the hand, such as grasping and manipulating objects. Therefore, "wrist" is the correct answer as it accurately represents the joint that is being described in the given options.

The common name for phalanges is fingers and toes bones. Phalanges are the small, long bones that make up the fingers and toes in the human body. They are responsible for providing structure and support to these appendages, as well as allowing for movement and dexterity.

Mechanical digestion is the process of physically breaking down food into smaller pieces through actions like chewing, grinding, and churning. This process increases the surface area of the food, making it easier for enzymes to further break it down and facilitate digestion. Therefore, mechanical digestion best describes the chewing of food. Emulsification is the process of breaking down fat globules into smaller droplets, peristalsis is the wave-like muscle contractions that propel food through the digestive tract, and absorption is the process of nutrients being taken up by the body.

Lateral flexion is the correct answer because when you tilt your head, bringing your right ear to your right shoulder, you are bending your neck sideways. This movement is known as lateral flexion, as it involves the bending of the neck towards the side. Rotation refers to the movement of the neck in a circular motion, while medial and external flexion are not accurate terms to describe the movement in this scenario.

The bulge in the superior region of the stomach is known as the fundus. The fundus is the upper portion of the stomach that expands and contracts as food is ingested and digested. It is located above the body of the stomach and below the esophagus. The fundus is responsible for storing food and releasing it into the rest of the stomach for further digestion.

The statement "The shoulder is lateral to the neck" is correct because the term "lateral" refers to the side or outer part of the body. In this case, the shoulder is located on the side of the body, away from the midline, while the neck is more towards the center. Therefore, the shoulder is indeed lateral to the neck.

The right lobe of the liver is six times larger than the left lobe. This means that the right lobe has six times the volume or size compared to the left lobe.

The endocrine system is responsible for regulating various body functions through the release of hormones. Urine production, however, is not directly regulated by the glands in the endocrine system. Instead, urine production is primarily controlled by the kidneys and the urinary system. The endocrine system does play a role in regulating fluid balance and electrolyte levels, which indirectly affects urine production, but it is not the primary regulator.

The patient's symptoms of flexural eczema, contact urticaria, recurrent skin infections, and gastrointestinal symptoms upon consuming seafood are consistent with atopic dermatitis. Atopic dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory skin condition characterized by itchy, red, and inflamed skin. It is often associated with other allergic conditions such as food allergies and asthma. The patient's symptoms suggest an allergic reaction to seafood, which is commonly seen in individuals with atopic dermatitis.

The correct answer is 1200 to 1400 g. The liver is an important organ in the body that performs various functions such as detoxification, protein synthesis, and production of bile. In females, the average weight of the liver is between 1200 to 1400 grams. This weight range is considered normal and healthy for a female's liver.

The client's unkempt appearance, smell of urine, complaints of inability to sleep, loss of appetite, lack of energy, lack of confidence in staff, and refusal to answer questions suggest symptoms of depression. The client's request to be left alone to sleep may also indicate a desire for isolation, which can be a warning sign for suicide risk. Therefore, it is important for the nurse to stay with the client to ensure their safety and provide support.

A cholesteatoma is a tumor that originates in the tissues of the eardrum. It is a non-cancerous growth that can cause damage to the middle ear and surrounding structures if left untreated. Cholesteatomas are typically caused by repeated ear infections or a tear in the eardrum, which allows skin cells to accumulate and form a cyst-like growth. Treatment usually involves surgical removal of the cholesteatoma to prevent complications such as hearing loss, infection, or damage to the facial nerve.

Hand washing is the most important practice in the prevention of the spread of disease because it helps to remove and kill germs that can cause infections. Regular hand washing with soap and water for at least 20 seconds can effectively remove dirt, bacteria, and viruses from the hands. It is especially crucial before and after preparing food, after using the bathroom, after coughing or sneezing, and before touching the face. Hand washing is a simple and effective way to protect oneself and others from getting sick and is recommended by healthcare professionals worldwide.

A person suffering from asthma is likely to have symptoms such as sore, swollen, and sensitive airway linings. This is because asthma is a chronic respiratory condition that causes inflammation and narrowing of the airways, leading to difficulty in breathing. The inflammation and swelling of the airway linings can result in symptoms like wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, and chest tightness. These symptoms can vary in severity and frequency depending on the individual and their specific triggers.

The pancreas is located below or inferior to the left lobe of the liver.