Anatomy Final Part 1
Anatomy Final
Questions and Answers
- 1.
What is the smallest living unit?
- A.
Tissue
- B.
Cell
- C.
Organism
- D.
Organ
Correct Answer
B. CellExplanation
A cell is the smallest living unit because it is the basic structural and functional unit of all living organisms. Cells are capable of carrying out all the necessary processes for life, such as metabolism, growth, and reproduction. They can exist as independent organisms, like bacteria, or as part of a larger organism, like the cells that make up our bodies. Tissues, organs, and organisms are all made up of cells, but they are not considered the smallest living unit.Rate this question:
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- 2.
Imagine a line drawn between the eyes to make a right and left side, what type of plane would that be considered?
- A.
Frontal
- B.
Sagittal
- C.
Lateral
- D.
Anterior
Correct Answer
B. SagittalExplanation
A line drawn between the eyes to make a right and left side would divide the body into two equal halves, one on each side. This type of plane is called a sagittal plane. The sagittal plane divides the body into left and right portions, allowing for the analysis of structures and movements in a side-to-side direction.Rate this question:
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- 3.
Which of the following are located within the thoracic cavity
- A.
Pleura
- B.
Stomach
- C.
Lungs
- D.
Choices a and c
Correct Answer
D. Choices a and cExplanation
The pleura and lungs are located within the thoracic cavity. The pleura is a thin membrane that surrounds the lungs and lines the chest cavity, while the lungs are the primary organs of respiration and are also situated within the thoracic cavity. The stomach, on the other hand, is located in the abdominal cavity, not the thoracic cavity. Therefore, the correct answer is choices a and c.Rate this question:
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- 4.
Which of the following adhere to the abdominal cavity
- A.
Visceral peritoneum
- B.
Visceral pericardium
- C.
Parietal pericardium
- D.
Parietal peritoneum
Correct Answer
D. Parietal peritoneumExplanation
The parietal peritoneum adheres to the abdominal cavity. The peritoneum is a membrane that lines the abdominal cavity and covers the organs within it. The parietal peritoneum specifically lines the walls of the abdominal cavity. This membrane helps to protect and support the organs in the abdomen. The visceral peritoneum, on the other hand, covers the organs themselves. The visceral and parietal pericardium are not related to the abdominal cavity, but rather to the heart.Rate this question:
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- 5.
Which of the following regulates the passage of substance into and out of the cell
- A.
Cytoplasm
- B.
Organells
- C.
Plasma membrane
- D.
Nucleus
Correct Answer
C. Plasma membraneExplanation
The plasma membrane is responsible for regulating the passage of substances into and out of the cell. It acts as a selectively permeable barrier, allowing certain molecules to enter or exit the cell while preventing others from doing so. This is achieved through various mechanisms such as diffusion, facilitated diffusion, active transport, and endocytosis/exocytosis. The plasma membrane also contains transport proteins and channels that aid in the movement of specific molecules across the membrane.Rate this question:
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- 6.
Which is a long chain of amino acids
- A.
Charbohydrates
- B.
Lipids
- C.
Proteins
- D.
None of the above
Correct Answer
C. ProteinsExplanation
Proteins are a long chain of amino acids. They are essential macromolecules that perform various functions in the body, including building and repairing tissues, regulating cell processes, and acting as enzymes and hormones. Proteins are made up of a sequence of amino acids linked together by peptide bonds. This unique structure allows proteins to have a wide range of shapes and functions, making them crucial for the proper functioning of living organisms.Rate this question:
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- 7.
Movement across the membrane from most abundant to least abundant and that requires no energy is
- A.
Active transport
- B.
Exocytosis
- C.
Pinocytosis
- D.
Diffusion
Correct Answer
D. DiffusionExplanation
Diffusion is the movement of molecules or ions from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration, without the need for energy. This process occurs naturally in order to achieve equilibrium and distribute substances evenly. Therefore, diffusion is the correct answer as it describes the movement across the membrane from most abundant to least abundant without requiring any energy.Rate this question:
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- 8.
Which is the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration
- A.
Osmosis
- B.
Diffusion
- C.
Exocytosis
- D.
Phagocytosis
Correct Answer
A. OsmosisExplanation
Osmosis is the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration. In osmosis, water molecules move from an area of lower solute concentration (higher water concentration) to an area of higher solute concentration (lower water concentration) in order to equalize the concentration on both sides of the membrane. This process is essential for maintaining the balance of water and solutes in cells and is crucial for various biological processes.Rate this question:
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- 9.
The process of fluid being brought into the cell
- A.
Phagocytosis
- B.
Active transport
- C.
Pinocytosis
- D.
None of the above
Correct Answer
C. PinocytosisExplanation
Pinocytosis is the process of fluid being brought into the cell. It involves the cell membrane forming small vesicles to engulf and bring in extracellular fluid. This process allows the cell to take in nutrients, ions, and other molecules dissolved in the fluid. Unlike phagocytosis, which involves the engulfment of large particles, pinocytosis is responsible for the uptake of smaller molecules and fluids. Active transport, on the other hand, refers to the movement of molecules against their concentration gradient using energy. Therefore, pinocytosis is the correct answer as it specifically describes the process of fluid uptake by the cell.Rate this question:
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- 10.
Which of the following is responsible for supporting organells
- A.
Mitochandria
- B.
Cytoplasm
- C.
Lysosome
- D.
Centrioles
Correct Answer
B. CytoplasmExplanation
The cytoplasm is responsible for supporting organelles. It is a gel-like substance that fills the cell and provides a medium for the organelles to exist and carry out their functions. The cytoplasm also helps in the transportation of molecules and nutrients within the cell. It acts as a cushion and support system for the organelles, ensuring their proper positioning and functioning.Rate this question:
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- 11.
Which is a bean shaped organell with a folded membrane.
- A.
Mitochandria
- B.
Ribosome
- C.
Rough ER
- D.
Golgi apparatus
Correct Answer
A. MitochandriaExplanation
The correct answer is mitochondria. Mitochondria are bean-shaped organelles with a folded membrane called cristae. These organelles are often referred to as the powerhouses of the cell because they are responsible for producing the majority of the cell's energy in the form of ATP through cellular respiration. The folded membrane increases the surface area available for chemical reactions to occur, allowing for more efficient energy production.Rate this question:
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- 12.
The characteristics of a ribosome is
- A.
Make protein
- B.
Comprised of small and large subunits
- C.
Stores the DNA
- D.
Choices a and b
Correct Answer
D. Choices a and bExplanation
The characteristics of a ribosome are that it makes proteins and is comprised of small and large subunits. The ribosome does not store DNA, so the correct answer is choices a and b.Rate this question:
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- 13.
This object is a maze of protein synthesis
- A.
Smooth ER
- B.
Cristae
- C.
Golgi apparatus
- D.
Rough ER
Correct Answer
D. Rough ERExplanation
The rough ER is the correct answer because it is involved in protein synthesis. It contains ribosomes on its surface, which are responsible for the production of proteins. The rough ER plays a crucial role in the folding and modification of newly synthesized proteins before they are transported to other parts of the cell. The other options, smooth ER, cristae, and golgi apparatus, are not directly involved in protein synthesis.Rate this question:
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- 14.
The function of this object is to process and package substances into vesicles
- A.
Ribosome
- B.
Rough ER
- C.
Peroxisome
- D.
Golgi apparatus
Correct Answer
D. Golgi apparatusExplanation
The Golgi apparatus is responsible for processing and packaging substances into vesicles. It receives proteins and lipids from the rough ER, modifies them, and sorts them into vesicles for transport to their final destinations. This organelle plays a crucial role in the secretion of proteins, the formation of lysosomes, and the synthesis of cell wall components.Rate this question:
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- 15.
A lysosome is a
- A.
Series of folded membranes
- B.
Sac like structure
- C.
Membrane that surround the nucleus
- D.
The control center
Correct Answer
B. Sac like structureExplanation
A lysosome is a sac-like structure. It is a membrane-bound organelle found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells. Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes that break down various molecules, including proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and lipids. These enzymes are enclosed within the sac-like structure of the lysosome, allowing them to safely carry out their function without harming the rest of the cell.Rate this question:
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- 16.
This object is a membrane bound package of oxidative enzymes
- A.
Peroxisome
- B.
Lysosome
- C.
Ribosome
- D.
Nucleus
Correct Answer
A. PeroxisomeExplanation
A peroxisome is a membrane-bound organelle that contains oxidative enzymes. These enzymes are involved in various metabolic reactions, including the breakdown of fatty acids and the detoxification of harmful substances. The presence of oxidative enzymes is a characteristic feature of peroxisomes, distinguishing them from other organelles such as lysosomes, ribosomes, and the nucleus. Therefore, peroxisome is the correct answer.Rate this question:
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- 17.
This is the control center of a cell
- A.
Nucleolus
- B.
DNA
- C.
Chromatin
- D.
Nucleus
Correct Answer
D. NucleusExplanation
The nucleus is the control center of a cell. It contains the cell's DNA, which carries the genetic instructions for the cell's functions and characteristics. The nucleus also houses the nucleolus, which is responsible for producing ribosomes. The chromatin, a complex of DNA and proteins, is found within the nucleus and helps to organize and regulate gene expression. Therefore, the nucleus plays a crucial role in controlling the activities of the cell and is essential for its proper functioning.Rate this question:
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- 18.
Match the correct complimentary base pair of TAGCT
- A.
CGATC
- B.
CATAG
- C.
ACTAG
- D.
ATCGA
Correct Answer
D. ATCGAExplanation
The correct complimentary base pair for TAGCT is ATCGA. In DNA, adenine (A) always pairs with thymine (T), and cytosine (C) always pairs with guanine (G). Therefore, since TAGCT contains the bases T, A, G, C, and T respectively, the complimentary base pair would be ATCGA.Rate this question:
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- 19.
RNA readily moves through the nuclear envelope
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
RNA does not readily move through the nuclear envelope. The nuclear envelope acts as a barrier between the nucleus and the cytoplasm, and it contains nuclear pores that regulate the movement of molecules in and out of the nucleus. While small molecules such as ions can pass through the nuclear pores freely, larger molecules like RNA require specific transport proteins to facilitate their movement. Therefore, RNA does not readily move through the nuclear envelope on its own.Rate this question:
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- 20.
In which phase does the nuclear envelope disintegrate
- A.
Metaphase
- B.
Telophase
- C.
Prophase
- D.
Cytokinesis
Correct Answer
C. ProphaseExplanation
During the prophase of cell division, the nuclear envelope disintegrates. This is a crucial step that allows the genetic material, in the form of chromosomes, to be accessible for further processes like chromosome alignment and separation. The breakdown of the nuclear envelope allows the chromosomes to interact with the spindle fibers and ensures their proper distribution to the daughter cells during cell division.Rate this question:
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- 21.
In which phase is the daughter cell formed
- A.
Prophase
- B.
Cytokinesis
- C.
Anaphase
- D.
Metaphase
Correct Answer
B. CytokinesisExplanation
Cytokinesis is the phase in which the daughter cells are formed. During cytokinesis, the cytoplasm of the parent cell divides into two, resulting in the formation of two separate daughter cells. This process occurs after the nuclear division (mitosis or meiosis) is completed. In contrast, prophase, anaphase, and metaphase are stages of mitosis or meiosis where the nucleus undergoes various changes such as condensation of chromosomes, separation of sister chromatids, and alignment of chromosomes at the equator, respectively. Therefore, cytokinesis is the correct answer as it specifically refers to the phase where daughter cells are formed.Rate this question:
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- 22.
The basement membrane is
- A.
Lots of extracellular material
- B.
The surface of apithelial cells
- C.
Between epithelial cells and connective tissue
- D.
None of the above
Correct Answer
C. Between epithelial cells and connective tissueExplanation
The basement membrane is a thin layer of extracellular material that is located between epithelial cells and connective tissue. It provides support and anchors the epithelial cells to the underlying connective tissue. It also acts as a barrier, preventing the migration of cells between the two tissues. Therefore, the correct answer is "between epithelial cells and connective tissue."Rate this question:
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- 23.
Tendon connects
- A.
Bone to bone
- B.
Muscle to muscle
- C.
Muscle to bone
- D.
Bone to muscle
Correct Answer
C. Muscle to boneExplanation
Tendons are strong connective tissues that attach muscles to bones. They play a crucial role in transmitting the force generated by muscles to the bones, allowing for movement and joint stability. Therefore, the correct answer is "muscle to bone".Rate this question:
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- 24.
Which of the following performs endocytosis
- A.
Fibroblasts
- B.
Microvilli
- C.
Cilia
- D.
Macrophages
Correct Answer
D. MacrophagesExplanation
Macrophages are specialized white blood cells that play a crucial role in the immune system. They perform endocytosis, a process where they engulf and internalize foreign particles, pathogens, and cellular debris. This allows them to eliminate these substances and contribute to the body's defense against infections and diseases. Fibroblasts are connective tissue cells, microvilli are small finger-like projections on the surface of cells, and cilia are hair-like structures that help with movement. While these cellular components have important functions, they do not perform endocytosis like macrophages do.Rate this question:
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- 25.
Which of the following is inside of a tube and surrounded by epithelium
- A.
Goblet cells
- B.
Lumen
- C.
Tendons
- D.
Connective tissue
Correct Answer
B. LumenExplanation
The lumen is the correct answer because it refers to the space inside a tube or hollow structure, such as a blood vessel or the digestive tract. It is surrounded by epithelial cells, which line the inner surface of the tube. Goblet cells, tendons, and connective tissue are not typically found inside a tube and surrounded by epithelium.Rate this question:
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- 26.
Which resists pulling forces
- A.
Adipose tissue
- B.
Serous membrane
- C.
Mucous membrane
- D.
Dense connective tissue
Correct Answer
D. Dense connective tissueExplanation
Dense connective tissue is the correct answer because it is composed of tightly packed collagen fibers that provide strength and resistance to pulling forces. This tissue type is found in tendons and ligaments, which are responsible for connecting muscles to bones and bones to each other, respectively. Adipose tissue is a type of loose connective tissue that stores fat, serous and mucous membranes are epithelial tissues that line body cavities and organs, but they do not resist pulling forces as effectively as dense connective tissue.Rate this question:
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- 27.
This structure is filled with fat droplets, cushions, insultes and stores fuel
- A.
Connective tissue
- B.
Skeletal muscle
- C.
Adipose tissue
- D.
Hyaline fibers
Correct Answer
C. Adipose tissueExplanation
Adipose tissue is the correct answer because it is known for being filled with fat droplets, providing cushioning and insulation, and serving as a storage site for fuel. Adipose tissue is primarily composed of adipocytes, which are specialized cells that store and release fat. This tissue is found throughout the body and plays a crucial role in energy balance, insulation, and protection of organs.Rate this question:
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- 28.
These are layers of flat keratinized dead cells
- A.
Skeletal muscle
- B.
Cardiac muscle
- C.
Corneum
- D.
Cornia
Correct Answer
C. CorneumExplanation
The given answer, "corneum," refers to the outermost layer of the epidermis, which is composed of flat, keratinized dead cells. This layer acts as a protective barrier for the underlying skin layers and helps prevent water loss and entry of foreign substances. It is commonly found in the skin of various organisms, including humans.Rate this question:
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- 29.
This is the main location of melanocytes
- A.
Dermis
- B.
Hypodermis
- C.
Epidermis
- D.
None of the above
Correct Answer
C. EpidermisExplanation
Melanocytes are responsible for producing melanin, the pigment that gives color to the skin, hair, and eyes. The epidermis is the outermost layer of the skin and is where the melanocytes are primarily located. They are found in the basal layer of the epidermis, where they produce and transfer melanin to the surrounding skin cells. Therefore, the correct answer is epidermis.Rate this question:
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- 30.
The epithelium is avascular and covers body surface
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
The statement is true because epithelium is a type of tissue that covers the body's surfaces, including the skin, lining of the organs, and the inner lining of blood vessels. Epithelium is avascular, meaning it lacks blood vessels. Instead, it receives nutrients and oxygen through diffusion from the underlying connective tissue. This characteristic allows epithelial cells to efficiently exchange substances with the external environment or neighboring tissues.Rate this question:
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- 31.
Muscle tissue can shorten and contract
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Muscle tissue has the unique ability to shorten and contract, allowing movement in the body. This is achieved through the sliding of actin and myosin filaments within the muscle fibers, which causes the muscle to contract and generate force. This contraction is essential for various bodily functions, such as movement, maintaining posture, and even internal processes like digestion and circulation. Therefore, the statement "Muscle tissue can shorten and contract" is true.Rate this question:
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- 32.
Which layer of skin is directly effected by stretch marks
- A.
Epidermis
- B.
Dermis
- C.
Hypodermis
- D.
Stratum basale
Correct Answer
B. DermisExplanation
Stretch marks, also known as striae, occur when the skin is stretched beyond its capacity, causing the underlying connective tissue in the dermis to tear. The dermis is the layer of skin directly beneath the epidermis, responsible for providing strength and elasticity. Therefore, it is the dermis layer that is directly affected by stretch marks. The epidermis, hypodermis, and stratum basale are not directly involved in the formation of stretch marks.Rate this question:
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- 33.
This is the most abundant and diverse type of tissue
- A.
Loose tissue
- B.
Dense irregular tissue
- C.
Nervous tissue
- D.
Connective tissue
Correct Answer
D. Connective tissueExplanation
Connective tissue is the most abundant and diverse type of tissue found in the body. It provides support and structure to other tissues and organs. Connective tissue is made up of cells and an extracellular matrix that contains various fibers such as collagen and elastin. It can be found throughout the body, including in the skin, bones, tendons, and blood vessels. Connective tissue also plays a role in immune responses and wound healing. Its abundance and diversity make it essential for maintaining the overall integrity and function of the body.Rate this question:
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- 34.
The function of nervous tissue is to
- A.
Insulate
- B.
Connect muscle to bone
- C.
Cushion
- D.
Conduct electrical impulses
Correct Answer
D. Conduct electrical impulsesExplanation
Nervous tissue is responsible for conducting electrical impulses throughout the body. It consists of specialized cells called neurons that can generate and transmit electrical signals. These impulses allow for communication between different parts of the body and are essential for various functions such as sensory perception, motor control, and coordination.Rate this question:
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- 35.
The function of the hypodermis
- A.
Insulator
- B.
Cushion
- C.
Connect bone to bone
- D.
Connect muscle to bone
Correct Answer
A. InsulatorExplanation
The hypodermis is the layer of tissue located beneath the dermis of the skin. Its main function is to act as an insulator, providing thermal regulation and helping to maintain body temperature. It also serves as a cushion, protecting underlying structures such as muscles, bones, and organs. Additionally, the hypodermis plays a role in storing fat and providing energy reserves for the body.Rate this question:
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- 36.
The sebaceous glands are located in which layer?
- A.
Epidermis
- B.
Dermis
- C.
Hypodermis
- D.
None of the above
Correct Answer
B. DermisExplanation
Sebaceous glands are located in the dermis, which is the middle layer of the skin. The dermis lies beneath the epidermis (the outermost layer) and above the hypodermis (the deepest layer). Sebaceous glands are exocrine glands that secrete an oily substance called sebum, which helps moisturize and protect the skin and hair. These glands are connected to hair follicles and are found throughout the body, except on the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet.Rate this question:
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- 37.
Squamous cell carcinoma originates in this layer
- A.
Epidermis
- B.
Dermis
- C.
Hypodermis
Correct Answer
A. EpidermisExplanation
Squamous cell carcinoma is a type of skin cancer that arises from the squamous cells, which are located in the epidermis. The epidermis is the outermost layer of the skin, responsible for protecting the body from external factors. Since squamous cell carcinoma originates in this layer, it indicates that the abnormal growth of squamous cells occurs in the epidermis. The dermis is the layer beneath the epidermis, and the hypodermis is the deepest layer of the skin.Rate this question:
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- 38.
The axial region refers to
- A.
Head
- B.
Neck
- C.
Trunk
- D.
All of the above
Correct Answer
D. All of the aboveExplanation
The axial region refers to the head, neck, and trunk. This includes the central part of the body that houses the major organs and supports the body's overall structure. The head contains the brain and sensory organs, the neck connects the head to the trunk, and the trunk includes the chest, abdomen, and pelvis. Therefore, the correct answer is "all of the above" as it encompasses all the mentioned body regions.Rate this question:
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Mar 26, 2024Quiz Edited by
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Dec 14, 2010Quiz Created by
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