Are You Patient Person
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Tumors or infections that develop in the middle ear cavity can affect structures associated with the various walls of the chamber. An infectious process that invades the promontory of the medial wall would MOST LIKELY involve the ...
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Internal carotid artery in the carotid canal
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Pyramid of the stapedius muscle
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Temporal lobe of the brain
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Jugular bulb
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Cochlea
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Explore your understanding of neurological and neuroanatomical functions through this quiz. Assess key skills in identifying nerve damage, brain functions, and potential medical conditions. Essential for medical students and healthcare professionals.
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- 2.
The patient had suffered a hemisection of the lower part of the cervical portion of the spinal cord (approximately C6, 7, 8). As a result, one would expect to see ...
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Complete ptosis of the ipsilateral superior palpebra
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Decrease in sweating on the ipsilateral side of the face
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Paralysis of the ipsilateral hemidiaphragm
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Loss of the contralateral abdominal reflex
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A Babinski sign in the contralateral foot
Correct Answer
A. Decrease in sweating on the ipsilateral side of the faceExplanation
decreased sympathetic innervation would lead to decreased sweating.
not complete ptosis due to innervation by CN III opens the eye. (VII closes it)
C345 keeps the diaphram alive.Rate this question:
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- 3.
He had sustained a sharp blow to his right eye from the soccer ball, kicked with great force by the man facing him, and fell to the ground in pain. At the hospital, the eye was gently checked for injury and the ability to move it. The eye was adducted; the pupil could be turned slightly upward or downward slightly from that position, but he could not abduct the eye. It could therefore be rightly assumed that ...
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The trochlea had been torn from its attachment to the upper medial orbital wall.
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The lower division of the oculomotor nerve had been injured.
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The force had fractured the lamina papyracea, with entrapment of the medial rectus.
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He had suffered a break in the orbital plate of the maxilla and the inferior rectus was caught in the crack of the bone.
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The abducens nerve had been severed (cut) at the superior orbital fissure
Correct Answer
A. The force had fractured the lamina papyracea, with entrapment of the medial rectus.Explanation
Based on the given information, the person sustained a sharp blow to his right eye and was unable to abduct the eye. This suggests that there is a problem with the movement of the eye, specifically the inability to move it away from the midline. The option that best explains this is that the force had fractured the lamina papyracea, which is a thin bone in the orbit, and as a result, the medial rectus muscle (which is responsible for adduction) has become trapped or entrapped. This explains the inability to abduct the eye and is the most likely scenario based on the given symptoms.Rate this question:
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- 4.
Imaging studies demonstrated that the patient's prostatic cancer had spread upward through the vertebral canal by way of the venous plexus of Batson in the epidural space. A metastatic tumor had grown in the posterior cranial fossa, there affecting cranial nerves leaving the skull. The patient's left shoulder drooped lower than the right shoulder. When protruded, his tongue deviates to the left. He has weakness in turning his head to the right. From this evidence, one can easily deduce which nerves have been affected:
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Right cranial nerves IX, X, XI and XII
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Left cranial nerves X, XII and right XI, together with cervical nerves C3 and C4
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Right cranial nerves X, XI, XII
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Left cranial nerves XI and XII
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Right cranial nerve XI, left cranial nerve XII
Correct Answer
A. Left cranial nerves XI and XIIExplanation
XI does trapezius and SCM, XII does hypoglossal, tongue deviates toward lesion, (uvula away from lesion)Rate this question:
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- 5.
The patient responds properly as you check the blink reflex (corneal reflex) in both eyes, closing and opening both eyes. But, as you examine the patient's right eye with a small, bright flashlight, the right pupil does not constrict in response to the light, although the contralateral pupil does. You would be CORRECT in thinking that ...
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The patient obviously suffers from glaucoma in the right eye.
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The left oculomotor nerve is not functioning properly
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The parasympathetic fibers in the right oculomotor nerve are not functional
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The patient is blind in the right eye
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The right oculomotor nerve is paralyzed
Correct Answer
A. The parasympathetic fibers in the right oculomotor nerve are not functionalExplanation
light reflex is mediated by parasympatheticsRate this question:
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- 6.
A staphylococcal infection that spreads from a region of abscess of a mandibular tooth into the soft tissues of the floor of the mouth and neck can result in suffocation, if antibiotic therapy is not instituted promptly. This clinical problem is referred to as ...
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Ranula
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Torus mandibularis
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Submaxillary cellulitis (Ludwig's angina)
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Quinsy
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Ankyloglossia
Correct Answer
A. Submaxillary cellulitis (Ludwig's angina)Explanation
Ludwig's angina is a serious, potentially life-threatening cellulitis, or connective tissue infection, of the floor of the mouth, usually occurring in adults with concomitant dental infections and if left untreated, may obstruct the airways, necessitating tracheotomy.Rate this question:
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- 7.
The recurring infections in the young boy seemed to indicate a need for removal of his palatine tonsils. These lymphoid organs are found in the...
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Oropharynx
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Oral vestibule
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Pharyngeal recess
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Laryngopharynx
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Oral cavity propber
Correct Answer
A. OropharynxExplanation
The correct answer is oropharynx. The passage mentions that the boy's recurring infections indicate a need for removal of his palatine tonsils. The palatine tonsils are a part of the lymphoid tissue located in the oropharynx. Therefore, the oropharynx is the most appropriate location for the palatine tonsils. The other options, such as the oral vestibule, pharyngeal recess, laryngopharynx, and oral cavity proper, do not specifically mention the location of the palatine tonsils.Rate this question:
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- 8.
The 28 YO female has come to you complaining hoarsely of difficulty swallowing (especially liquids) and in speaking. As you performed the physical examination, you observe that touching the posterior 1/3 of her tongue or pharyngeal wall on the right side produced no noticeable result. When the contralateral areas were stimulated, however, there was a distinct gag reflex and the uvula moved distinctly toward the left side of the pharynx. Use of a laryngoscope in examination of the true vocal folds would confirm that the patient had paralysis of the ...
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Right vagus and right glossopharyngeal nerves
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Right glossopharyngeal and left vagus nerves
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Left vagus nerve only
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Right glossopharyngeal nerve only
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Left vagus and left glossopharyngeal nerves
Correct Answer
A. Right vagus and right glossopharyngeal nervesExplanation
IX is afferent pathway of gag reflex, X is efferent. Uvula deviates away from lesion becuase it is being "pulled" whereas the tongue deviates away from deficit because it is being "pushed"Rate this question:
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- 9.
The second semester student had gone to Roseau because pain from a bad molar tooth was distracting him from his preparations for the second Mini exam at Ross. The dentist who treated the student injected a bolus of anesthetic into the region just anterior to the mandibular lingula. In a few minutes, the student observed that he had lost all sensations on the anterior parts of the tongue ipsilateral to the injection. He realized that the loss of tongue sensation was due to the fact that the anesthetic had directly affected the ...
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Inferior alveolar nerve
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Auriculotemporal nerve
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Lingual nerve
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Buccal nerve
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Chorda tympani nerve
Correct Answer
A. Lingual nerveExplanation
The correct answer is the lingual nerve. The lingual nerve is a branch of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve (V3). It provides sensory innervation to the anterior two-thirds of the tongue, as well as the floor of the mouth. In this case, the injection of anesthetic into the region just anterior to the mandibular lingula would have directly affected the lingual nerve, leading to the loss of sensation on the anterior parts of the tongue ipsilateral to the injection.Rate this question:
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- 10.
Unilateral clefts of the upper lip are common, occurring about once in 1000 births. The underlying cause for this congenital defect is known to be the lack of fusion....
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Between palatine shelves
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Between the primary and secondary palate and distorsion of the lateral palatine processes, preventing their migration
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Of the maxillary processes
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Between maxillary and mandibular processes
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Between a maxillary prominence and the medial nasal prominence
Correct Answer
A. Between a maxillary prominence and the medial nasal prominenceExplanation
Unilateral clefts of the upper lip occur due to the lack of fusion between a maxillary prominence and the medial nasal prominence. This fusion failure during embryonic development leads to a separation or gap in the upper lip. This defect is a common congenital abnormality, happening in approximately one out of every 1000 births.Rate this question:
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- 11.
The 10 YO boy had been teased cruelly by the other children in his class, the mother told you, because his head had been tilted to one side since birth. You respond by telling her that the lad has congenital torticollis and that it can be corrected rather easily by a surgical procedure. The condition resulted from fibrosis of the ...
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Splenius musculature, unilaterally
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Levator scapulae muscle
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Sternocleidomastoid
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Omohyoid
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Ipsilateral strap muscles
Correct Answer
A. SternocleidomastoidExplanation
The correct answer is sternocleidomastoid. Congenital torticollis is a condition characterized by the tilting of the head to one side due to the shortening or fibrosis of the sternocleidomastoid muscle. This muscle is located in the neck and is responsible for the rotation and flexion of the head. Surgical correction of congenital torticollis often involves lengthening or releasing the sternocleidomastoid muscle to restore normal head positioning.Rate this question:
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- 12.
The fourth semester student was asked by the examining clinician in the ICM program to check the functions of the masticatory muscles in an elderly woman from Portsmouth. After the student asked the woman to clench her jaws together tightly he could feel on palpation that there was a lack of symmetry in size and strength of the muscles from one side of the jaw to the other, as noted both by the lack of fullness under his examining fingertips and the unequal strength of the jaws as the patient closed her mouth against resistance. When the patient was asked to "stick out your chin," (in other words, protrude her mandible directly forward) the mandible deviated to the right. This would MOST LIKELY occur as a direct result of paralysis to the ...
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Posterior segment of her left temporalis
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Right medial pterygoid
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Left masseter
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Right lateral pterygoid
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Left lateral pterygoid
Correct Answer
A. Right lateral pterygoidExplanation
remember tongue. When pushing the Jaw, as in protusion, the jaw will deviate toward the weaker side.Rate this question:
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- 13.
The 72 YO woman had a lesion in the middle of her right vocal cord which biopsy revealed to be carcinoma. Further treatment would be dictated by the position of the tumor and by the location of the lymph nodes draining the area. The lymph nodes which receive lymph directly from this part of the vocal cord are the ...
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Juguloomohyoid node
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Sentinal node
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Submental nodes
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Jugulodigastric node
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None of the above is a correct response
Correct Answer
A. None of the above is a correct responseExplanation
The glottis or true vocal cords are not rich in lymphatics and drain to pretracheal or paralaryngeal lymph nodes.Rate this question:
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- 14.
During the Saturday morning Morbidity and Mortality Conference in the Staten Island Hospital, the conclusion was offered that the patient under discussion had almost died as a result of asphyxiation (suffocation) because both recurrent laryngeal nerves had been injured during the removal of the patient's diseased thyroid glands. The young resident, a graduate of Ross Medical School, left no doubt in the minds of those attending the conference that one pair of laryngeal muscles would still be innervated after bilateral injuries to the recurrent laryngeal nerves. The continuing contraction of this muscle brought the vocal cords together in the heavily sedated patient, thereby blocking the airway. The financial loss to the hospital in a lawsuit would have been great if she had not observed the problem and ordered respiratory intubation for the patient. The muscle that was still functioning was the ...
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Cricothyroid
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Posterior cricoarytenoid
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Arytenoideus
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Lateral cricoarytenoid
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Thyroarytenoid
Correct Answer
A. CricothyroidExplanation
cricothyroid is innervated by EXTERNAL LN. which is a branch of the Superior LN.Rate this question:
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- 15.
While treating young children from the local public school, you examine the swollen, and angry‑red eardrum of Carolon, a 7 YO girl with a middle ear infection. Which of the following statements do you remember as being TRUE, as you review the clinical anatomy of the area?
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Umbo is a drug formulated from leaves of the dashish plant to be inserted into the ear to cure infections in the middle ear and the pharyngotympanic tube.
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The "cone of light" is due to reflection of the otoscope light toward the posterior inferior quadrant of the eardrum.
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The vagus nerve, auriculotemporal nerve and glossopharyngeal nerve are all involved in the sensory supply of the eardrum.
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An incision for drainage of a middle ear infection should be made in the upper, posterior quadrant of the tympanic membrane.
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The tympanic branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve is called "chorda tympani" because it crosses the upper inner aspect of the eardrum
Correct Answer
A. The vagus nerve, auriculotemporal nerve and glossopharyngeal nerve are all involved in the sensory supply of the eardrum.Explanation
The statement that the vagus nerve, auriculotemporal nerve, and glossopharyngeal nerve are all involved in the sensory supply of the eardrum is true. The vagus nerve provides sensory innervation to the posterior part of the external acoustic meatus and the eardrum. The auriculotemporal nerve, a branch of the trigeminal nerve, provides sensory innervation to the anterior part of the external acoustic meatus. The glossopharyngeal nerve provides sensory innervation to the posterior part of the eardrum.Rate this question:
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- 16.
Magnetic resonance imaging can provide excellent visualization of soft tissues of the body. With such imaging methodology, for instance, it could be demonstrated that one of the following DOES NOT pass through the superior orbital fissure:
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Trochlear nerve
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Abducens nerve
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Ophthalmic artery
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Oculomotor nerve
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Superior ophthalmic vein
Correct Answer
A. Ophthalmic arteryExplanation
Opthathamic artery travels in optic canal with the optic nerve. (artery in-nerve out)
V1 also travels in Superior orbital fissure.Rate this question:
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- 17.
A 14 YO female patient from Calibishe, Dominica is seen in the Portsmouth hospital by the small group of nervous 4th semester students (nervous, but highly self‑confident). It is immediately apparent that the girl has a bad case of acne. She complains of severe headache, pain superficially and deeply in her midface, and loss of all voluntary movement of her right eye. She has an elevated temperature. Physical and ophthalmoscopic examination reveal ipsilateral ptosis, a swollen palpebra and engorged retinal veins. Which of the following combinations of structures possibly involved in this case of coronary sinus thrombosis might BEST explain the ocular findings?
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CN VII and CN VI
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CN III, CN IV and CN VI
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CNV1, CNV2 and CN III
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CN I, CN VI, CNV, and CNV2
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CN III, CN IV, CN VI and CN V3
Correct Answer
A. CN III, CN IV and CN VIExplanation
The ocular findings in this case suggest that there is involvement of the cranial nerves responsible for eye movement and control. CN III (oculomotor nerve) controls the movement of the eye, CN IV (trochlear nerve) controls the superior oblique muscle, and CN VI (abducens nerve) controls the lateral rectus muscle. Dysfunction or involvement of these nerves can result in ptosis (drooping of the eyelid), loss of voluntary eye movement, and swollen palpebra (eyelid). Therefore, the combination of CN III, CN IV, and CN VI being involved best explains the ocular findings in this case.Rate this question:
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- 18.
The knowledge that important nerves often accompany named arteries (so‑called "neurovascular pairs") can be of great assistance to the clinician when looking for a particular nerve. An example of such an association is that of the ...
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Angular artery and the buccal branch of the facial nerve
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The external laryngeal nerve with the superior laryngeal artery
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The inferior thyroid artery and the recurrent laryngeal nerve
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Superficial temporal artery and the facial nerve
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The lingual artery and the buccal nerve
Correct Answer
A. The inferior thyroid artery and the recurrent laryngeal nerveExplanation
The correct answer is the inferior thyroid artery and the recurrent laryngeal nerve. This is because the inferior thyroid artery and the recurrent laryngeal nerve often travel together in close proximity. This knowledge can be helpful for clinicians who are looking for the recurrent laryngeal nerve during surgical procedures involving the thyroid gland.Rate this question:
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- 19.
The 30 YO male medical student enters the campus clinic following one of the Embryology lectures, seeking confirmation of his self‑diagnosis. The student has a small, soft lump on the anterior border of his left sternocleidomastoid muscle and he has decided to ask the opinion of the campus physician about it. A mucoid secretion can be seen oozing from the soft mass of tissue. The clinician's classic training leads him to agree with the medical student that the proper diagnosis is ...
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Branchial or pharyngeal fistula
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Aberrant thymic tissue
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Persistent 2nd pharyngeal pouch
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Inflamed and severely infected deep cervical lymph nodes
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Ectopic palatine tonsil
Correct Answer
A. Branchial or pharyngeal fistulaExplanation
The correct answer is branchial or pharyngeal fistula. This is because the description of a small, soft lump on the anterior border of the left sternocleidomastoid muscle with mucoid secretion oozing from it is consistent with a branchial or pharyngeal fistula. These fistulas are congenital anomalies that result from incomplete closure of the branchial arches during embryonic development. They can present as cysts or sinuses and are commonly found in the neck area. The classic training of the clinician would lead them to recognize and agree with the medical student's self-diagnosis.Rate this question:
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- 20.
The left side of the face of the 60 YO fruit salesman in the clinic appears to be strangely smooth, with absence of the nasolabial furrow and less wrinkling of the skin of his forehead than on the contralateral side. The corner of his mouth on the left side droops noticeably. He complains that he had to stuff a little piece of cloth into his left ear because sounds heard with that ear seemed so loud (hyperacusis). Physical examination reveals absence of the sense of taste on the left side of his tongue anteriorly. Function of his lacrimal gland on that side seems to be normal. With these facts in mind, you can conclude that the lesion of the involved nerve is probably located ...
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In the petrous part of the temporal bone, proximal to the location of the geniculate ganglioin
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At the stylomastoid foramen
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In the internal acoustic (auditory) meatus
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In the petrous part of the temporal bone, distal to the origin of the greater petrosal nerve
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Within the parotid gland
Correct Answer
A. In the petrous part of the temporal bone, distal to the origin of the greater petrosal nerveExplanation
geniculate=taste (mneumonic--cant taste genitals unless they're in your face....face=VII)
great petrosal N = tears (mneumonic--A great proposal makes a woman cry)
The parasympathetic supply of lacrimal G. originates from the lacrimal nucleus of VII in the pons. Just distal to the geniculate ganglion, the facial nerve gives off the greater petrosal nerve. This nerve carries the parasympathetic secretomotor fibers through the pterygoid canal, where it joins the deep petrosal nerve (containing postganglionic sympathetic fibers from the superior cervical ganglion) to form the nerve of the pterygoid canal (vidian nerve). This nerve travels through the pterygoid canal to the pterygopalatine ganglion. Here the fibers synapse and postganglionic fibers join the fibers of the Maxillary Nerve, which travels through the inferior orbital fissure. Once it has traversed this opening, the parasympathetic secretomotor fibers branch off with the zygomatic nerve and then branch off again, joining with the lacrimal branch of the ophthalmic division of CN V, which supplies sensory innervation to the lacrimal gland along with the eyelid and conjunctiva.Rate this question:
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- 21.
The little girl was obviously small for her age and her eyes were so far apart that you include hypertelorism as one of your observations during the physical exam. In response to your cautious questioning, the mother tells you that the child suffers from recurring colds. Laboratory studies reveal that the little patient also has a condition of hypocalcemia, leading you to decide on a diagnosis of DiGeorge Syndrome. Which of the following might BEST explain the chronic colds the little girl is suffering?
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Internal branchial fistula
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Ectopic parathyroid glands
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Hypoplastic thymus gland
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Persistent thyroglossal duct
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Cervical cysts
Correct Answer
A. Hypoplastic thymus glandExplanation
DiGeorge Syndrome is from a dysfunction of thymus.Rate this question:
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Jun 26, 2023Quiz Edited by
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Feb 14, 2012Quiz Created by
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