Quiz About Diseases: Trivia Exam!

20 Questions | By Chachelly | Last updated: Mar 20, 2022 | Total Attempts: 235

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Quiz About Diseases: Trivia Exam! - Quiz

What do you know about diseases? A disease is an ailment of the living animal or plant body or one of its parts that weakens normal functions and is typically exhibited by distinguishing signs and symptoms. It means that you have an illness, and it is a harmful deviation from the usual physical or functional state of an organism. This quiz will reveal your knowledge of diseases.

Questions and Answers

1.

A 50-year-old woman comes to your office complaining of difficulty breathing and swallowing. Physical examination reveals a thin woman who appears younger than her stated age with tachypnea and tachycardia. Her anti-nuclear antibody staining pattern is shown. Which anti-nuclear antibody would most likely be positive in this patient?
- A.
  
  Antibodies against double stranded DNA
- B.
  
  Antibodies against DNA topoisomerase I
- C.
  
  Antibodies against ribonucleoproteins
- D.
  
  Antibodies against histones
- E.
  
  Antibodies against centromeric proteins
2.

A 60-year-male patient presents with an alteration in bowel habits. The stool for occult blood is positive. Colonoscopy shows an ulcerating mass in the colon, infiltrating the underlying muscle as well as lymph nodes. The tumor is resected and sent to the pathology laboratory, where its features are reported by the pathologist. Which of the following is the best prognostic indicator of survival in this patient?
- A.
  
  Tumor stage
- B.
  
  Degree of histologic differentiation
- C.
  
  Degree of nuclear atypia
- D.
  
  Nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio
- E.
  
  Tumor necrosis
3.

A 55-year-old male presents with weight loss and anorexia. Physical examination reveals left supra-clavicular lymphadenopathy. The physician suspects cancer and performs a lymph node biopsy. The biopsy is shown in the image below. Which of the following is the most likely primary tumor?
- A.
  
  Signet ring carcinoma of stomach
- B.
  
  Squamous cell carcinoma of esophagus
- C.
  
  Transitional cell carcinoma
- D.
  
  Renal cell carcinoma
- E.
  
  Malignant lymphoma
4.

A 60-year-old male, a chronic smoker, presents with cough and hemoptysis. Physical examination shows hyperpigmentation of the skin, multiple bruises, and hypertension. Laboratory tests show high blood sugar levels. A chest x-ray reveals an irregular mass in the right lung field. Lung biopsy shows small cells with round to oval, deeply staining nuclei, rather a scant cytoplasm, and many mitoses. Electron microscopy shows neuro-secretory granules. Immunologic stains on light microscopy are positive for synaptophysin and S-100. Based on the information provided, which of the following substances produced by the lung tumor that is most likely responsible for the patient’s signs and symptoms?
- A.
  
  ADH
- B.
  
  ACTH
- C.
  
  Serotonin
- D.
  
  Erythropoietin
- E.
  
  Calcium
5.

A 17-year-old male presents to his family physician with sore throat, fever, and tender cervical lymphadenopathy for over 3 days. Laboratory investigations show lymphocytic leukocytosis. Peripheral blood smear is shown below. Test for heterophile antibodies is positive. Based on the information provided, which of the following potential complication is your most likely concern?
- A.
  
  Aplastic anemia
- B.
  
  Blast crisis
- C.
  
  Renal failure
- D.
  
  Acute leukemia
- E.
  
  Splenic rupture
6.

A 12-year-old boy is brought to the hospital with extreme fatigue and lethargy. Physical examination shows pallor. Subsequent investigations show the presence of an abdominal mass. Biopsy reveals a high-grade malignant tumor composed of lymphoid cells. The pathologist notes tumor cells being engulfed by macrophages imparting a “starry-sky appearance” to the biopsy. Which of the following viruses is associated with a patient’s clinical condition?
- A.
  
  HPV
- B.
  
  EBV
- C.
  
  HBV
- D.
  
  HTLV
- E.
  
  CMV
7.

A 22-year-old man has blood oozing from his nose and mouth. Physical examination shows petechiae and ecchymosis distributed over most of his body. There are generalized lymphadenopathy and hepato-splenomegaly. Laboratory studies show a moderately severe normocytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and a WBC count of 32,000/mm3. The d-dimer blood test is increased and both the prothrombin and partial thromboplastin times are increased. The photograph shows the peripheral blood smear. What chromosome translocation is most likely to be present in this patient?
- A.
  
  t(14;18)
- B.
  
  T(9;22)
- C.
  
  T(8;14)
- D.
  
  T(11;14)
- E.
  
  T(15;17)
8.

A 46-year-old male doctor suffers a needle stick injury while conducting medical mission work in Western Africa. Upon returning to the United States, the man is screened for communicable diseases and is found to be infected with HIV-2. He is started on an appropriate HAART regimen. Which of the following drugs would most likely be part of his HAART regimen?
- A.
  
  Efavirenz
- B.
  
  Tenofovir
- C.
  
  Enfuvirtide
- D.
  
  Maraviroc
- E.
  
  Nevirapine
9.

A 25-year-old pregnant woman with coronary artery stenosis was admitted to the care unit for placement of a coronary stent. Acute anticoagulation therapy was required and an appropriate drug was given (drugA). After several days, the patient developed severe drug-induced thrombocytopenia and drugA was withdrawn. As parenteral anticoagulation therapy was still required, a second drug (drugB) was given which was a direct thrombin inhibitor which did not induce the formation of antiplatelet antibodies. Which of the following paired drugs is most likely to be the chosen therapy?
- A.
  
  Heparin and Lepirudin
- B.
  
  W arfarin and aminocaproic acid
- C.
  
  Alteplase and clopidogrel
- D.
  
  Abciximab and thrombin
- E.
  
  Warfarin and protamine sulphate
10.

A 63-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital with a moderate acute rejection of her transplanted heart, which she received four months earlier. Upon admission muromonab, CD3 was added to her immunosuppressant regimen. Ten days later her rejection symptoms abated. What is the immediate action of muromonab CD3 which counteracted rejection of the transplant?
- A.
  
  Reduction in antigen-presenting cell numbers
- B.
  
  Prevention of the synthesis of IL-1
- C.
  
  Binding to antibodies which are attacking the transplant
- D.
  
  Depletion of the available pool of activated T-cells
- E.
  
  Binding to and inactivation of TNF-alpha
11.

Which one of the major classes of anti-malignant drugs kills cells whether they are in the G0 phase or progressing through the cell cycle?
- A.
  
  Alkylating agents
- B.
  
  Antimetabolites
- C.
  
  Vinca alkaloids
- D.
  
  Taxanes
- E.
  
  Epidophyllotoxins
12.

A 31-year-old-man who recently returned from a visit to South America presents to the emergency department complaining of malaise, muscle pains, severe headaches, and fever. Two days earlier he had an abrupt onset of coldness and chills followed by high fever and headache, with nausea and vomiting. A laboratory test showed erythrocytes highly parasitized by a protozoan identified as P.falciparum. Which of the following drugs would be most appropriate for treating this patient?
- A.
  
  Quinidine gluconate
- B.
  
  Chloroquine
- C.
  
  Primaquine phosphate
- D.
  
  Mefloquine
- E.
  
  Pyrimethamine
13.

The ﬁgure shows the metabolism of the anti-hypertensive drug debrisoquine to the inactive metabolite 4OH-debrisoquine in 258 unrelated British volunteers. Which statement about this experiment is false?
- A.
  
  Patients in group A would get the lowest reduction of blood pressure from a given dose.
- B.
  
  Patients in group C would be most at risk of getting an overdose
- C.
  
  The drug is converted by a cytochrome P450.
- D.
  
  The distribution is tri-modal
- E.
  
  Patients in the left of the diagram metabolize the drug only very slowly.
14.

An 18-month old with a history of recurrent bacterial and viral infections, failure to thrive, developmental delay, and tremors is submitted to your care. On exam, you notice a lack of peripheral lymphoid tissue. Blood analysis reveals lymphopenia with normal B cell count and normal immunoglobulin levels. The patient is most likely suffering from a deficiency in which enzyme?
- A.
  
  Hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (HGPRT)
- B.
  
  Adenine phosphoribosyl transferase (APRT)
- C.
  
  Adenosine desaminase (ADA)
- D.
  
  Adenosine kinase
- E.
  
  Purine nucleoside phosphorylase
15.

A 40-year-old woman presents at a local health center with complaints of having paroxysmal attacks of chills, fever, and sweating. These attacks last for a day or two and are repeated at intervals. The examination of a stained blood specimen reveals ring-like and crescent-shaped forms within the erythrocytes. What is the most probable causative agent?
- A.
  
  Dracunculus medinensis
- B.
  
  Trypanosoma gambiense
- C.
  
  Plasmodium falciparum
- D.
  
  Wuchereria bancrofti
- E.
  
  Schistosoma mansoni
16.

A 30-year-old man presented with a history of fatigue, dizziness, and persistent diarrhea. Upon questioning, it was found that he frequented a restaurant that specialized in raw seafood. He looked pale and laboratory investigations revealed the following: Characteristic parasite ova were found in the stool. What is the most probable etiologic agent?
- A.
  
  Fasciola hepática
- B.
  
  Diphyllobothrium latum
- C.
  
  Blastocystis hominis
- D.
  
  Clonorchis sinensis
- E.
  
  Enteromonas intestinalis
17.

A 20-year-old man presented to the hospital with complaints of chronic diarrhea, with mucus and blood present in the stool. Sigmoidoscopy revealed pseudo polyps and flask-shaped ulcers in the colon. A CT scan of the liver and the lung showed abscesses. What is the most probable diagnosis?
- A.
  
  Amoebiasis
- B.
  
  Hydatid disease
- C.
  
  Giardiasis
- D.
  
  Taeniasis
- E.
  
  Cyclosporiasis
18.

Presented in the following figure is the natural progression of an HIV infection. Which event marks a critical turning point in the pathogenesis of AIDS?
- A.
  
  Emergence of CCR5-tropic virus strain
- B.
  
  Emergence of CD8-tropic virus strain
- C.
  
  Emergence of CD4-tropic virus strain
- D.
  
  Emergence of CXCR4-tropic virus strain
- E.
  
  Emergence of macrophage-tropic virus strain
19.

A virus that encodes transforming proteins and a transmission comparable to HIV is endemic in southern Japan, the Caribbean, and among African Americans in the southeastern United States. What are the transforming proteins of this virus and which cells or tissues are infected?
- A.
  
  Tax and HBZ/ T cells
- B.
  
  E6 and E7/ mucosal epithelia
- C.
  
  LMP-1 and EBNA/ B cells
- D.
  
  vIL-6/ B Cells
- E.
  
  VSRC/ Avian embryo fibroblast
20.

A 20-year-old man presents to the physician with pharyngitis, fever and lymphadenopathy indicative of an infection with a pathogen that produces heterophile antibodies. Which of the following is the most likely site of latency after the acute stage, and what type of viral products will be found?
- A.
  
  T cell/ proteins
- B.
  
  Oropharyngeal epithelial cells/proteins
- C.
  
  Neurons/ proteins
- D.
  
  B cells/ proteins
- E.
  
  Neurons/ transcripts