Why Do We Fall Ill

The correct answer is that the HIV virus damages the immune system of the body. This is the main reason why patients with HIV/AIDS are unable to fight off minor infections, leading to their eventual death. The virus attacks and weakens the immune system, making the body more susceptible to infections and diseases.

Sneezing and coughing can make you ill if you come in contact with an infected person because these actions can spread infectious droplets containing viruses or bacteria into the air. When you inhale these droplets, you can become infected with the pathogens and develop an illness. Sneezing and coughing are common symptoms of many contagious respiratory diseases, such as the flu or common cold, which can easily spread from person to person through respiratory droplets. Therefore, being in close proximity to someone who is sneezing or coughing increases the risk of contracting an infectious disease.

Dehydration is a condition where the body loses more water than it takes in, leading to an imbalance in the body's fluids. This loss of water can occur due to various reasons such as excessive sweating, vomiting, diarrhea, or not drinking enough fluids. When the body is dehydrated, it can't function properly, and this can lead to serious illness in a short period of time. Therefore, dehydration is the correct answer as it is a disease caused by the loss of water in the body.

Mosquitoes are known to be vectors for many diseases. They can transmit diseases such as malaria, dengue fever, Zika virus, and West Nile virus. Therefore, it is important to prevent them from breeding in our surroundings to minimize the risk of these diseases spreading.

Living in an overcrowded and poorly ventilated house can increase the risk of contracting air-borne diseases. This is because poor ventilation can lead to the accumulation of harmful pollutants, allergens, and pathogens in the air, making it easier for diseases to spread. Therefore, the correct answer is "only c" as it correctly identifies the possibility of suffering from air-borne diseases in such living conditions.

Tuberculin is the correct answer because it is the toxin released by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which causes tuberculosis.

Cancer is a disease caused by the uncontrolled growth of tissues in any part of the body. It is not caused by an infection or any external agent, which eliminates the options of infectious disease or congenital disease. Therefore, the correct answer is non-infectious disease.

Cholera is primarily spread through contaminated water and food, not through the use of spices in food. The bacterium that causes cholera can survive and multiply in water and food that has been contaminated with fecal matter. Flies breeding on garbage heaps can also contribute to the spread of the disease by carrying the bacteria to food and water sources. However, the use of spices in food does not directly contribute to the spread of cholera.

Staphylococcus is the correct answer because it is a type of bacteria that can cause acne. Acne is often caused by the overgrowth of bacteria on the skin, and Staphylococcus is one of the bacteria that can contribute to this. It can infect the hair follicles and oil glands, leading to inflammation and the formation of acne spots. Therefore, Staphylococcus is the microorganism responsible for causing acne.

Antibiotics are designed to target and kill bacteria, not viruses. When the body is infected with a virus, it produces a specific protein called interferon. Interferon is released from infected and dying host cells and helps to inhibit the replication of viruses in neighboring cells. It plays a crucial role in the body's immune response against viral infections. Therefore, the correct answer is Interferon.

Vaccination creates immunity in the body. By introducing a weakened or killed form of the polio virus into the body, the immune system is stimulated to produce antibodies that can recognize and fight the virus. This helps to protect the vaccinated individual from future infections and reduces the likelihood of the polio virus spreading within the community.

The correct abbreviation of TAB is "Typhoid paratyphoid A and B vaccine". This vaccine is used to provide immunity against both typhoid and paratyphoid A and B for a period of three years.

Making anti-viral drugs is more difficult than making anti-bacterial medicines because viruses have very few biochemical mechanisms of their own. Unlike bacteria, viruses cannot replicate or carry out metabolic processes on their own. They rely on host cells to reproduce and carry out their life cycle. This makes it challenging to target viruses specifically without harming the host cells. Additionally, viruses have a protein coat that can further complicate the development of drugs that can effectively target and inhibit viral replication.

ORS is a solution used for rehydration in cases of dehydration. It contains a combination of electrolytes (sodium chloride, potassium chloride) to replace those lost through sweating or vomiting, and glucose and sucrose to provide energy and aid in the absorption of electrolytes. Sodium bicarbonate may also be included to help maintain the body's acid-base balance. Water is added to dilute the solution and make it easier to drink. Therefore, the correct answer is Sodium chloride, sodium bicarbonate, potassium chloride, glucose, sucrose and water.

The correct answer is (i) and (ii). This is because tuberculosis is not caused by Salmonella, but by the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Additionally, tuberculosis commonly affects the immune system, weakening it and making individuals more susceptible to the infection.