Ntzb Unit 4: Diseases And Illnesses Quiz

The main difference between communicable diseases (CD) and non-communicable diseases (NCD) is that CD can spread to others, while NCD cannot. This means that CD are caused by infectious agents such as bacteria or viruses and can be transmitted from person to person through various means, such as direct contact, airborne droplets, or contaminated food and water. On the other hand, NCD are not caused by infectious agents and cannot be transmitted from person to person. Instead, they are often caused by factors such as genetics, lifestyle choices, or environmental factors.

Strokes are similar to heart attacks in that they both involve a lack of blood flow to a vital organ. However, strokes specifically occur in the brain, whereas heart attacks occur in the heart. During a stroke, blood flow to the brain is disrupted, leading to the death of brain cells and potential long-term damage. Prompt recognition and treatment are crucial to minimize the effects of a stroke.

A communicable disease is a type of disease that can be transmitted from one person to another. This means that it can be spread through direct contact, such as touching or kissing, or through indirect means, such as through the air or contaminated objects. Examples of communicable diseases include the common cold, influenza, and sexually transmitted infections. The other options provided in the question do not accurately describe a communicable disease.

The correct answer is virus and bacteria. Pathogens are disease-causing microorganisms, and the two main types are viruses and bacteria. Viruses are smaller than bacteria and can only reproduce inside a host cell, while bacteria are single-celled organisms that can reproduce independently. Both viruses and bacteria can cause a wide range of diseases in humans and other organisms.

Skin cancer is not a communicable disease because it cannot be transmitted from one person to another. It is a non-communicable disease that is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet radiation from the sun or tanning beds. Strep throat, MRSA, and mononucleosis are all examples of communicable diseases that can be spread from person to person through various means such as respiratory droplets or direct contact.

Strep throat is caused by a bacterium called Streptococcus. This bacterium, specifically Streptococcus pyogenes, is responsible for causing inflammation and infection in the throat and tonsils. It is highly contagious and can be transmitted through respiratory droplets or direct contact with infected individuals. Strep throat is characterized by symptoms such as sore throat, difficulty swallowing, fever, and swollen lymph nodes. Prompt treatment with antibiotics is necessary to prevent complications and reduce the spread of the infection. Methicillin and Amoxicillin are antibiotics used to treat bacterial infections, but they are not the causative agent of strep throat.

Cancer is a disease characterized by the uncontrolled growth and division of abnormal cells in the body. These cells not only continue to grow but also have the ability to spread to other parts of the body, invading nearby tissues and forming tumors. This process, known as metastasis, is a key characteristic of cancer and distinguishes it from other diseases.

Colds are primarily caused by viruses, such as rhinoviruses or coronaviruses. These viruses are highly contagious and can be easily transmitted from person to person through respiratory droplets. Bacteria, fungus, and amoeba are not commonly associated with causing colds.

Salmonella and E.coli are the two most common pathogens that cause food-borne illnesses. Salmonella is a type of bacteria commonly found in raw or undercooked poultry, eggs, and meat, as well as in fruits and vegetables contaminated by animal feces. E.coli is a bacteria that can be found in undercooked ground beef, unpasteurized milk, and contaminated water. Both pathogens can cause symptoms such as diarrhea, abdominal pain, vomiting, and fever when ingested through contaminated food or water.

Cholesterol is the correct answer because it is one of the main components of plaque that can build up in the arteries and block blood flow. High levels of cholesterol in the blood can lead to the formation of plaque, which can then narrow or block the arteries, increasing the risk of heart disease. Saturated fat and unsaturated fat can contribute to high cholesterol levels, but cholesterol itself is the direct cause of plaque formation. Lipoprotein is a carrier molecule for cholesterol and other fats in the blood, but it is not the cause of plaque formation.

The given answer, "going outside and getting some sun," is the correct answer because it does not directly contribute to preventing the spread of communicable diseases. While washing hands, sneezing into the arm or tissue, and avoiding touching the face or mouth are all effective preventive measures, getting sun exposure does not have a direct impact on preventing the spread of communicable diseases.

When a person has a bacteria-causing illness, it is important to see a doctor for antibiotics. Antibiotics are medications specifically designed to target and kill bacteria, helping to eliminate the illness and promote recovery. Resting and drinking fluids may help alleviate symptoms and support the immune system, but they do not directly address the bacterial infection. Taking extra vitamins, especially vitamin C, can boost the immune system, but it does not directly treat the bacteria-causing illness. Over-the-counter medications may provide temporary relief for symptoms, but they do not target the underlying cause of the illness. Therefore, seeing a doctor for antibiotics is the most effective course of action.

H1N1 is a mutated form of Influenza A. Influenza A is a subtype of the Influenza virus that can infect humans, birds, and other animals. H1N1, also known as the swine flu, gained global attention during the 2009 pandemic. It is called H1N1 because it has two main surface proteins, hemagglutinin (H) and neuraminidase (N), which play a crucial role in the virus's ability to infect and spread. Influenza A viruses are known for their ability to undergo frequent genetic changes, leading to the emergence of new strains and potentially causing pandemics.

Non-communicable diseases are generally caused by a combination of behavioral and biological risk factors. Behavioral risk factors include unhealthy lifestyle choices such as smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, poor diet, and lack of physical activity. Biological risk factors refer to genetic predispositions and physiological conditions that increase the likelihood of developing certain diseases. Both of these factors contribute to the development of non-communicable diseases, making the answer "both A and B" correct.

COPD, or Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, is a group of lung diseases that cause breathing difficulties. Smoking is a well-known risk factor for developing COPD. The harmful chemicals in tobacco smoke can damage the lungs and airways, leading to inflammation and narrowing of the air passages. This can result in symptoms such as shortness of breath, coughing, and wheezing. Smoking cessation is crucial in preventing and managing COPD, as it can slow down the progression of the disease and improve lung function.

Pathogens are microorganisms that can cause communicable diseases. These disease-causing agents can include bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. When these pathogens enter the body, they can multiply and cause infection, leading to the development of communicable diseases. Pathogens can be transmitted through various means such as direct contact with an infected person, inhalation of respiratory droplets, consumption of contaminated food or water, or contact with contaminated objects. Therefore, the presence of pathogens is a major factor in the spread of communicable diseases.

Mononucleosis is an illness that causes the person to become weak and tired for weeks. This is because mononucleosis, also known as "mono" or the "kissing disease," is caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) which affects the immune system. The virus can cause symptoms such as fatigue, muscle weakness, and general malaise, leading to a feeling of weakness and tiredness. These symptoms can persist for several weeks or even months, making it difficult for the person to engage in normal activities.

Eating a low sugar diet is an effective way to prevent the chances of getting diabetes because excessive sugar consumption can lead to obesity and insulin resistance, both of which are risk factors for developing diabetes. By reducing sugar intake, individuals can better manage their blood sugar levels and maintain a healthy weight, reducing the risk of developing diabetes.

The correct answer is "all of the above" because inactivity, obesity, a high fat diet, lack of exercise, and too much sugar are all risk factors that are common with all non-communicable diseases. These factors contribute to the development and progression of various diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and certain types of cancer.

A pathogen refers to any microorganism, such as a virus or bacteria, that can cause disease or harm to a host organism. Pathogens can infect humans, animals, and plants, and they rely on the host for their survival and reproduction. They can enter the body through various means, such as inhalation, ingestion, or direct contact, and can then multiply and cause an infection or disease. Therefore, the term "pathogen" accurately describes organisms that feed off a person or animal and cause harm or disease.

The correct answer is "stops making insulin or makes too little." This is because diabetes is a condition characterized by high blood sugar levels, and insulin is the hormone responsible for regulating blood sugar. In type 1 diabetes, the pancreas stops producing insulin altogether, while in type 2 diabetes, the pancreas may still produce insulin, but not enough to effectively regulate blood sugar levels. Therefore, both scenarios of the pancreas not producing enough insulin or stopping its production altogether can lead to diabetes.

False. Cancer is not the leading cause of death in the United States. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), heart disease is the leading cause of death in the country. However, cancer is still a significant cause of death and ranks second after heart disease.

One-third of cancers are caused by lifestyle factors. This means that the choices we make in our daily lives, such as smoking, poor diet, lack of exercise, and exposure to certain chemicals or pollutants, can contribute to the development of cancer. While genetics and other factors also play a role, it is important to recognize the impact that our lifestyle choices have on our overall health and risk of developing cancer.

Five of the top seven causes of death are non-communicable diseases. This means that the majority of the leading causes of death are not caused by infectious agents or can be transmitted from person to person. The fact that five out of seven causes of death are non-communicable highlights the importance of addressing lifestyle factors and chronic conditions in order to improve public health and reduce mortality rates.

Biological/inherited factors contribute to only 10% of cancers. This suggests that the majority of cancers are caused by external factors such as lifestyle choices, environmental exposures, and other non-genetic factors. It emphasizes the importance of adopting a healthy lifestyle and avoiding carcinogens to reduce the risk of developing cancer.