Reading Quiz pg 438-446 and 457-462

1.

Malaria is caused by
- A.
  
  Viruses
- B.
  
  Bacteria
- C.
  
  Plasmodium parasites
- D.
  
  Parasitic worms
- E.
  
  Industrial pollution
Correct Answer
C. Plasmodium parasites

Explanation
Malaria is caused by Plasmodium parasites. These parasites are transmitted to humans through the bites of infected female Anopheles mosquitoes. Once inside the human body, the parasites multiply in the liver and then infect red blood cells. This leads to symptoms such as fever, chills, and flu-like illness. If left untreated, malaria can be life-threatening. Therefore, it is important to identify and treat the infection promptly.

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2.

Malaria is spread by
- A.
  
  Anopheles mosquitos
- B.
  
  Flies
- C.
  
  Worms
- D.
  
  Fleas
- E.
  
  Snails
Correct Answer
A. Anopheles mosquitos

Explanation
Malaria is a mosquito-borne infectious disease, and the primary vector responsible for transmitting the disease is the Anopheles mosquito. These mosquitoes become infected with the malaria parasite when they feed on the blood of an infected person. The parasite then multiplies within the mosquito and can be transmitted to another person when the infected mosquito bites them. Therefore, the correct answer is Anopheles mosquitoes.

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3.

During the mid-1900's, the spread of malaria decreased sharply from
- A.
  
  Draining swamplands
- B.
  
  Draining marshes
- C.
  
  Spraying breeding areas with DDT
- D.
  
  Using drugs to kill parasites in the bloodstream
- E.
  
  All of these answers apply
Correct Answer
E. All of these answers apply

Explanation
During the mid-1900s, the spread of malaria decreased sharply due to multiple interventions. Draining swamplands and marshes helped eliminate breeding grounds for mosquitoes, which transmit malaria. Spraying breeding areas with DDT was also effective in killing mosquitoes. Additionally, using drugs to kill parasites in the bloodstream helped control the disease. Therefore, all of these answers apply as they represent different approaches that contributed to the reduction of malaria transmission.

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4.

A transmissible disease is least likely to be caused by a
- A.
  
  Bacterium
- B.
  
  Hazardous chemical
- C.
  
  Virus
- D.
  
  Parasite
- E.
  
  Sexual contact
Correct Answer
B. Hazardous chemical

Explanation
A transmissible disease is least likely to be caused by a hazardous chemical because transmissible diseases are typically caused by infectious agents such as bacteria, viruses, or parasites that can be transmitted from one person to another. Hazardous chemicals, on the other hand, may cause poisoning or other health issues, but they are not typically capable of spreading from person to person and causing a transmissible disease.

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5.

Tuberculosis is caused by
- A.
  
  Mosquitos
- B.
  
  Houseflies
- C.
  
  Worms
- D.
  
  Viruses
- E.
  
  Bacteria
Correct Answer
E. Bacteria

Explanation
Tuberculosis is caused by bacteria. This infectious disease primarily affects the lungs but can also affect other parts of the body. The bacteria responsible for tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It is transmitted through the air when an infected person coughs or sneezes, allowing the bacteria to be inhaled by others. Unlike viruses, bacteria are single-celled microorganisms that can survive and reproduce on their own.

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6.

The incidence of tuberculosis is increasing because
- A.
  
  Strains of the TB bacterium have developed resistance to antibiotics
- B.
  
  Increased population size and the advanced age of the population
- C.
  
  Weakened immune systems from the spread of AIDS
- D.
  
  The lack of screening and control programs
- E.
  
  All of these answers
Correct Answer
E. All of these answers

Explanation
The correct answer is all of these answers. The incidence of tuberculosis is increasing due to multiple factors. Firstly, strains of the TB bacterium have developed resistance to antibiotics, making it harder to treat and control the disease. Secondly, the increased population size and the advanced age of the population contribute to the spread of tuberculosis. Additionally, weakened immune systems from the spread of AIDS make individuals more susceptible to contracting tuberculosis. Lastly, the lack of screening and control programs further exacerbates the problem. Therefore, all of these factors combined contribute to the increasing incidence of tuberculosis.

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7.

All of the following are viral diseases except
- A.
  
  Lyme Disease
- B.
  
  AIDS
- C.
  
  Ebola
- D.
  
  Influenza
- E.
  
  SARS
Correct Answer
A. Lyme Disease

Explanation
Lyme Disease is caused by the bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi, not a virus. The disease is transmitted to humans through the bite of infected black-legged ticks. It is not classified as a viral disease because it is caused by a bacterium, not a virus.

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8.

Calculating the risk of a new technological system
- A.
  
  Requires assessment of technological reliability
- B.
  
  Requires careful economic analysis
- C.
  
  Requires assessment of human intelligence
- D.
  
  Is impossible
- E.
  
  Has never been tried before
Correct Answer
A. Requires assessment of technological reliability

Explanation
Calculating the risk of a new technological system requires assessment of technological reliability because the reliability of the technology is a crucial factor in determining the level of risk associated with its implementation. By assessing the technological reliability, one can evaluate the potential failures, vulnerabilities, and weaknesses that may pose risks to the system. This assessment helps in identifying and mitigating potential risks, ensuring a safer and more reliable implementation of the new technological system.

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9.

The explosion of the space shuttle Challenger and the accidents at Three Mile Island and Chernobyl were caused
- A.
  
  By global climate change
- B.
  
  Primarily by human error
- C.
  
  By the northern lights interfering with normal electrical transmissions
- D.
  
  Primarily by technological error
- E.
  
  By migratory birds
Correct Answer
B. Primarily by human error

Explanation
The explosion of the space shuttle Challenger and the accidents at Three Mile Island and Chernobyl were primarily caused by human error. In the case of the Challenger, the disaster occurred due to the failure of O-rings in the shuttle's solid rocket boosters, which were a result of poor decision-making and communication by NASA officials. Similarly, the accidents at Three Mile Island and Chernobyl were also caused by human mistakes and negligence in operating the nuclear power plants. These incidents highlight the critical role of human error in major disasters and the need for proper training, protocols, and oversight to prevent such tragedies.

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10.

The major cause of a reduced human life span today is
- A.
  
  Poverty
- B.
  
  Smoking
- C.
  
  Cancer
- D.
  
  High cholesterol
- E.
  
  Driving
Correct Answer
A. Poverty

Explanation
Poverty can have a significant impact on various aspects of human life, including access to healthcare, nutrition, education, and living conditions. These factors can contribute to a reduced life span as individuals living in poverty may have limited access to essential healthcare services and proper nutrition, leading to higher rates of diseases and mortality. Additionally, poverty can also result in increased stress levels, inadequate living conditions, and exposure to environmental hazards, all of which can negatively affect overall health and life expectancy.

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Reading Quiz Pg 438-446 And 457-462

Malaria is caused by

Malaria is spread by

During the mid-1900's, the spread of malaria decreased sharply from

A transmissible disease is least likely to be caused by a

Tuberculosis is caused by

The incidence of tuberculosis is increasing because

All of the following are viral diseases except

Calculating the risk of a new technological system

The explosion of the space shuttle Challenger and the accidents at Three Mile Island and Chernobyl were caused

The major cause of a reduced human life span today is