Biology Regents Comprehensive Review

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Questions: 11 | Attempts: 52 | Updated: May 5, 2023

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Biology Regents Comprehensive Review - Quiz

This is a completely multiple choice test. It contains 1 question summing up each of the units we learned.

Questions and Answers

1.

Through what process can a disaccharide be broken down into two monosaccharides?
- A.
  
  Hydrolysis
- B.
  
  Dehydration Synthesis
- C.
  
  Respiration
- D.
  
  Pinocytosis
- E.
  
  Phagocytosis
Correct Answer
A. Hydrolysis

Explanation
Hydrolysis is the process in which a disaccharide can be broken down into two monosaccharides. This process involves the addition of water molecules to break the chemical bonds between the two sugar units in the disaccharide. The water molecules provide the necessary energy to break these bonds, resulting in the separation of the two monosaccharides. This process is commonly observed in the digestion of complex carbohydrates in the human body, where enzymes facilitate the hydrolysis of disaccharides into simpler sugars for absorption and utilization.

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2.

Through what process can two monosaccharides be combined into a disaccharide?
- A.
  
  Hydrolysis
- B.
  
  Dehydration Synthesis
- C.
  
  Respiration
- D.
  
  Pinocytosis
- E.
  
  Phagocytosis
Correct Answer
B. Dehydration Synthesis

Explanation
Dehydration synthesis is the process through which two monosaccharides can be combined into a disaccharide. This process involves the removal of a water molecule to form a covalent bond between the monosaccharides, resulting in the formation of a larger molecule. This process is the opposite of hydrolysis, which breaks down larger molecules into smaller ones by adding water molecules. Respiration, pinocytosis, and phagocytosis are unrelated processes and do not involve the combination of monosaccharides into a disaccharide.

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3.

Which is true of RNA, but not DNA?
- A.
  
  Contains at least 1 strand.
- B.
  
  Made up of nucleotides.
- C.
  
  Has Guanine as a nitrogenous base.
- D.
  
  Contains ribose.
Correct Answer
D. Contains ribose.

Explanation
RNA contains ribose, which is a sugar molecule, whereas DNA contains deoxyribose, a slightly different sugar molecule. This difference in sugar composition is what distinguishes RNA from DNA. RNA also contains at least one strand, is made up of nucleotides, and can have Guanine as a nitrogenous base, but these characteristics are not unique to RNA and can also be found in DNA.

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4.

Which of the following is not part of cell theory?
- A.
  
  All cells arise from pre-existing cells.
- B.
  
  One or more cells make up an organism.
- C.
  
  All cells have lysosomes.
- D.
  
  Cells carry out their own life functions.
Correct Answer
C. All cells have lysosomes.

Explanation
The correct answer is "All cells have lysosomes." The cell theory states that all cells arise from pre-existing cells, one or more cells make up an organism, and cells carry out their own life functions. However, not all cells have lysosomes. Lysosomes are membrane-bound organelles that contain enzymes for digestion and waste removal, but not all cells have them. Therefore, this statement does not align with the cell theory.

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5.

Which of the following correctly pairs an organelle and its function:
- A.
  
  Mitochondria; Coordination of Cell
- B.
  
  Nucleus; Storage of Water
- C.
  
  Lysosome; Removes Old Parts
- D.
  
  Golgi Bodies; Produce Ribosomes
Correct Answer
C. Lysosome; Removes Old Parts

Explanation
The correct answer is Lysosome; Removes Old Parts. Lysosomes are organelles that contain enzymes responsible for breaking down waste materials and cellular debris. They play a crucial role in the removal of old or damaged cellular components, such as organelles or proteins, through a process called autophagy. This helps maintain the overall health and functionality of the cell.

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6.

Which is a moneran?
- A.
  
  Bacteria
- B.
  
  Hydra
- C.
  
  Sponge
- D.
  
  Deer
- E.
  
  Monkey
Correct Answer
A. Bacteria

Explanation
Bacteria is a moneran because it is a single-celled organism that lacks a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. Monerans are a group of prokaryotic organisms, which means they have a simple cell structure without a true nucleus. Bacteria are the most common and well-known type of monerans, and they can be found in various environments, including soil, water, and the human body. They play an important role in various ecological processes and can have both beneficial and harmful effects on other organisms.

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7.

Based upon this phylogenetic tree which of the following is true?
- A.
  
  A and X are the same species.
- B.
  
  A is derived from E, G, X, Y, and Z.
- C.
  
  Species Y and Z are more closely related than X and G.
- D.
  
  Species X does not have A as a common ancestor.
Correct Answer
C. Species Y and Z are more closely related than X and G.

Explanation
The phylogenetic tree shows the relationship between different species. The branches represent common ancestors and the distance between branches indicates the level of relatedness. In this case, since the branch connecting species Y and Z is shorter than the branch connecting species X and G, it indicates that Y and Z are more closely related. Therefore, the statement "Species Y and Z are more closely related than X and G" is true.

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8.

When one substance is ____ another must be _____.
- A.
  
  Created, Destroyed
- B.
  
  Oxidized, Reduced
- C.
  
  Photosynthesized, Consumed
- D.
  
  Digested, Excreted
Correct Answer
B. Oxidized, Reduced

Explanation
In a chemical reaction, when one substance is oxidized, it loses electrons, while the other substance is reduced, gaining those electrons. Oxidation and reduction always occur together in a redox reaction, where electrons are transferred between molecules. Therefore, the correct answer is "Oxidized, Reduced".

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9.

Mitosis is associated with everything but:
- A.
  
  Budding
- B.
  
  Asexual Reproduction
- C.
  
  Sexual Reproduction
- D.
  
  Sporulation
Correct Answer
C. Sexual Reproduction

Explanation
Mitosis is a process of cell division that results in the formation of two identical daughter cells. It is involved in growth, repair, and maintenance of tissues in multicellular organisms. Budding, asexual reproduction, and sporulation are all forms of reproduction that involve mitosis. However, sexual reproduction involves the fusion of gametes (sperm and egg cells) to form a genetically diverse offspring, which does not involve mitosis. Therefore, mitosis is not associated with sexual reproduction.

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10.

Crossing over occurs when during which process?
- A.
  
  Anaphase of Meiosis
- B.
  
  Prophase of Meiosis
- C.
  
  Prophase of Mitosis
- D.
  
  Cytokinesis in Both
Correct Answer
B. Prophase of Meiosis

Explanation
Crossing over occurs during the Prophase of Meiosis. This is the stage where homologous chromosomes pair up and exchange genetic material through a process called recombination. This genetic exchange increases genetic diversity and results in the formation of new combinations of alleles on the chromosomes. Therefore, crossing over is a crucial event in meiosis that contributes to genetic variation among offspring.

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11.

Where does most chemical digestion occur?
- A.
  
  Mouth
- B.
  
  Stomach
- C.
  
  Small Intestine
- D.
  
  Large Intestine
- E.
  
  There is no process known as chemical digestion.
Correct Answer
C. Small Intestine

Explanation
Most chemical digestion occurs in the small intestine. This is because the small intestine is responsible for breaking down food into smaller molecules that can be absorbed by the body. It receives digestive enzymes from the pancreas and bile from the liver, which help to further break down proteins, carbohydrates, and fats. The small intestine also has a large surface area due to its villi and microvilli, which increases the absorption of nutrients into the bloodstream.

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Current Version
May 05, 2023

Quiz Edited by
ProProfs Editorial Team
Jun 17, 2009

Quiz Created by
Tw25

Biology Regents Comprehensive Review

Through what process can a disaccharide be broken down into two monosaccharides?

Through what process can two monosaccharides be combined into a disaccharide?

Which is true of RNA, but not DNA?

Which of the following is not part of cell theory?

Which of the following correctly pairs an organelle and its function:

Which is a moneran?

Based upon this phylogenetic tree which of the following is true?

When one substance is ____ another must be _____.

Mitosis is associated with everything but:

Crossing over occurs when during which process?

Where does most chemical digestion occur?

When one substance is another must be _.