Advance Biochemistry Exam: Quiz! MCQ

Evolution refers to the heritable change in organisms from one generation to another. This means that over time, genetic variations occur in populations, leading to changes in the traits and characteristics of organisms. These changes can be influenced by natural selection, genetic drift, and other factors, resulting in the adaptation and diversification of species. Evolution is a fundamental concept in biology and helps explain the diversity of life on Earth.

A chemical reaction refers to the process that occurs when two or more chemicals combine or interact with each other, resulting in the formation of new substances with different properties than the original chemicals. This explanation aligns with the answer choice "Result when two chemicals mix."

Protein is an organic compound made of amino acids. Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins and are linked together in a specific sequence to form a protein molecule. Proteins are vital for various biological processes in the body, including growth, repair, and maintenance of tissues, as well as the regulation of enzymes and hormones. They are also involved in the immune system, transportation of molecules, and providing structure and support to cells and tissues. Therefore, the correct answer is "Organic compound made of amino acids."

Metabolism refers to the sum of all chemical reactions that occur in the body. These reactions involve the breakdown of nutrients to provide energy for various bodily functions, as well as the synthesis of new molecules necessary for growth and maintenance. Metabolism is a vital process that helps to regulate body temperature, convert food into energy, and eliminate waste products. It plays a crucial role in maintaining overall health and homeostasis within the body.

The correct answer is "Capacity to do work." This answer accurately defines what energy is. Energy is the ability or capacity to do work or cause a change in an object or system. It is a fundamental concept in physics and is measured in units such as joules or calories. Energy can exist in various forms, such as potential, kinetic, thermal, electrical, or chemical energy, and it can be converted from one form to another. In the context of this question, the other options mentioned (small body found in the cytoplasm of a cell, power lines, collection of organs that run the body) do not accurately represent the concept of energy.

A polypeptide chain is indeed a chain of amino acids. Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins, and when multiple amino acids are linked together through peptide bonds, they form a polypeptide chain. This chain then folds and interacts with other molecules to create a functional protein. Therefore, the correct answer is "Yea."

Homeostasis refers to the ability of an organism or system to maintain a stable internal environment despite external changes. It involves various physiological processes that work together to regulate temperature, pH levels, blood pressure, and other vital parameters within a narrow range. This stability is crucial for the proper functioning of cells, tissues, and organs, ensuring optimal conditions for biochemical reactions and overall health.

The correct answer is "Group of organisms that are closely related in the body." This definition aligns with the biological concept of a species, which refers to a group of individuals that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring. Members of the same species share common characteristics and are genetically similar. This definition emphasizes the importance of genetic relatedness and reproductive compatibility within a species.

A peptide bond is a chemical bond that forms between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of another amino acid. This bond is formed through a dehydration synthesis reaction, resulting in the formation of a peptide chain. Peptide bonds are crucial for the formation of proteins, as they link amino acids together in a specific sequence to create the primary structure of a protein.

Cellulose is a complex carbohydrate that is composed of glucose units and is the main material of cell walls. This explanation correctly identifies cellulose as a complex carbohydrate and highlights its role as the main component of cell walls. Cellulose provides structural support and rigidity to plant cells, allowing them to maintain their shape and resist mechanical stress. It is not an organic compound in RNA or DNA, an organelle involved in packaging and export, or a deadly cell without a cell wall.

Carbohydrates are organic compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms. They are primarily made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, with the general formula (CH2O)n, where n represents the number of carbon atoms. Therefore, water (H2O) is not a component of carbohydrates.

Amino acids are organic molecules that contain both a carboxyl group (-COOH) and an amino group (-NH2). These molecules are the building blocks of proteins and are essential for various biological processes in living organisms. They play a crucial role in the structure, function, and regulation of cells, tissues, and organs. Amino acids are also involved in the synthesis of enzymes, hormones, and neurotransmitters, making them vital for overall physiological functioning. Therefore, the correct answer is "Organic molecules with a carboxyl and an amino group."

The correct answer is "Large organic molecule that stores steroids and fat." This is because lipids are a diverse group of organic compounds that are insoluble in water but soluble in nonpolar solvents. They serve various functions in the body, including energy storage, insulation, and hormone production. Lipids include substances such as fats, oils, waxes, and steroids. Therefore, the answer accurately describes the nature and role of lipids in the body.

Phospholipids are a type of lipid that is a major component of cell membranes. They have a hydrophilic (water-loving) head and hydrophobic (water-fearing) tails, which allows them to form a bilayer structure in the cell membrane. This arrangement helps to create a barrier that regulates the movement of substances in and out of the cell, making phospholipids an essential component of cell membranes.