Bio1332 Biochemistry - Lecture Nineteen - Fatty Acid Metabolism

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To introduce fatty acids, triacylglycerol and phospholipids. Outline the mechanism and cellular localisation of energy production by fatty acid β-oxidation. Understand the purpose of the glyoxylate cycle in plants and microorganisms and appreciate the consequences for animals which lack this pathway. Describe the biosynthesis of fatty acids.

Bio1332 Biochemistry - Lecture Nineteen - Fatty Acid Metabolism - Quiz

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  • 2. 

    Fatty acids normally have an odd number of carbon atoms.True or False?

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. False
    Explanation
    FALSE.
    Fatty acids normally have an even number of carbon atoms.

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  • 3. 

    In which organelle are fatty acids oxidised?

    Correct Answer
    Mitochondria
    The mitochondria
    Explanation
    Fatty acids are oxidized in the mitochondria. This organelle is responsible for generating energy through the process of cellular respiration. Fatty acids are broken down into acetyl-CoA molecules, which enter the citric acid cycle in the mitochondria to produce ATP. The mitochondria have specialized enzymes and transporters that facilitate the oxidation of fatty acids and the production of energy.

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  • 4. 

    Please fill answer below:Fatty acids are often conjugated with ________ to form lipids.

    Correct Answer
    Glycerol
    Glycerols
    Explanation
    Fatty acids are often conjugated with glycerol to form lipids. Glycerol is a three-carbon alcohol that serves as the backbone for triglycerides, which are the most common type of lipid found in our bodies. When three fatty acids are esterified to a glycerol molecule, a triglyceride is formed. This process is essential for the storage and transport of energy in the form of fats. Glycerols, on the other hand, is not a correct term and does not accurately describe the conjugation of fatty acids with glycerol.

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  • 5. 

    Where does fatty acid synthesis occur?

    • The cytoplasm

    • The mitochondria

    • The ribosome

    • The nucleus

    Correct Answer
    A. The cytoplasm
    Explanation
    Fatty acid synthesis occurs in the cytoplasm. This process involves the conversion of acetyl-CoA into fatty acids, which are essential for the synthesis of lipids. The enzymes required for fatty acid synthesis are located in the cytoplasm, specifically in a complex called the fatty acid synthase complex. This complex catalyzes the step-by-step synthesis of fatty acids, using acetyl-CoA as the building block. Therefore, the cytoplasm is the correct location for fatty acid synthesis to occur.

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  • 6. 

    7 rounds of β-oxidation yields...

    • 106 ATP

    • 16 ATP

    • 100 ATP

    • 10 ATP

    Correct Answer
    A. 106 ATP
    Explanation
    During β-oxidation, fatty acids are broken down into acetyl-CoA molecules. Each round of β-oxidation produces one molecule of acetyl-CoA, which enters the citric acid cycle and generates 3 molecules of NADH and 1 molecule of FADH2. These electron carriers go on to produce ATP through oxidative phosphorylation. In total, 7 rounds of β-oxidation would produce 7 acetyl-CoA molecules, resulting in the production of 21 NADH and 7 FADH2. Considering the ATP yield from oxidative phosphorylation, which is 2.5 ATP per NADH and 1.5 ATP per FADH2, the total ATP produced would be 106 ATP.

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  • 7. 

    Animals cannot convert acetyl coenzyme A into sugars, but plants and fungi can.True or False?

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    Plants and fungi have the ability to convert acetyl coenzyme A into sugars through a process known as photosynthesis. This metabolic pathway allows them to utilize sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to produce glucose, which can then be used as an energy source for growth and other cellular functions. On the other hand, animals lack the necessary enzymes and mechanisms to perform photosynthesis, and therefore cannot convert acetyl coenzyme A into sugars. Hence, the statement that animals cannot convert acetyl coenzyme A into sugars is true.

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  • 8. 

    Which of the following is true?Fatty acid activation costs the equivalent of...

    • 2 ATPs

    • 1 ATP

    • 3 ATPs

    • 4 ATPs

    Correct Answer
    A. 2 ATPs
    Explanation
    Fatty acid activation requires the attachment of a molecule called Coenzyme A (CoA) to the fatty acid, which requires the hydrolysis of ATP to AMP and pyrophosphate. This process occurs twice, resulting in the expenditure of 2 ATP molecules. Therefore, the correct answer is 2 ATPs.

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  • 9. 

    Please fill answer below:Triacylglycerol (TAG) consists of 3 fatty acids (acyl chains) linked by _____ bonds to glycerol.

    Correct Answer
    Ester
    Explanation
    Triacylglycerol (TAG) is a type of lipid molecule that consists of three fatty acids linked to a glycerol molecule. The bond between the fatty acids and glycerol is called an ester bond. Ester bonds are formed through a condensation reaction between the carboxyl group of the fatty acid and the hydroxyl group of the glycerol. This linkage allows for the storage of large amounts of energy in the form of TAGs, making them an important energy reserve in organisms.

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  • 10. 

    The first step in fatty acid synthesis is synthesis of __________________, catalysed by _________________.

    Correct Answer
    malonyl coA, Acetyl coA carboxylase
    malonyl coenzyme A, Acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase
    Explanation
    The first step in fatty acid synthesis is the synthesis of malonyl coA, which is catalyzed by the enzyme Acetyl coA carboxylase. The alternative answer, malonyl coenzyme A, Acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase, is incorrect as the correct term is malonyl coA, not malonyl coenzyme A. Acetyl coA carboxylase is the enzyme responsible for catalyzing the synthesis of malonyl coA.

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  • 11. 

    Name the enzyme that catalyses TAG breakdown in adipose tissue.

    Correct Answer
    Triacylglycerol lipase
    Explanation
    Triacylglycerol lipase is the enzyme responsible for catalyzing the breakdown of triacylglycerols (TAGs) in adipose tissue. This enzyme breaks down TAGs into glycerol and fatty acids, which can then be used as a source of energy. Adipose tissue, also known as fat tissue, stores excess energy in the form of TAGs, and the action of triacylglycerol lipase helps release this stored energy when needed by the body.

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  • 12. 

    Please fill answer below: Although mammals are incapable of producing glucose from acetyl CoA, mammals can make glucose from _________.

    Correct Answer
    propionyl coA
    propionyl coenzyme A
    Explanation
    Mammals are unable to produce glucose directly from acetyl CoA, but they can synthesize glucose from propionyl CoA or propionyl coenzyme A. This is achieved through a metabolic pathway called gluconeogenesis, which allows the conversion of non-carbohydrate sources, such as certain amino acids and organic acids, into glucose. Therefore, propionyl CoA or propionyl coenzyme A can serve as precursors for glucose production in mammals.

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  • 13. 

    Describe 3 functions of fatty acids.Check your answer with the feedback section after you've submitted it.Your answer will not contribute to your final mark for this quiz.

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  • Mar 21, 2023
    Quiz Edited by
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  • Dec 28, 2015
    Quiz Created by
    Elly Crook
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