Bio 102 Quiz #1

The statement "Humans promote homeostasis by all of the above" is correct because homeostasis refers to the body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment. Adding clothes when cold helps regulate body temperature, drinking water when dehydrated helps maintain proper fluid balance, urinating when the bladder is full helps remove waste and maintain proper hydration, and eating when calories are low helps provide energy and maintain nutrient levels. All of these actions contribute to maintaining the body's internal equilibrium and promoting homeostasis.

Homeostasis refers to the body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment despite changes in the external environment. It involves various physiological processes that work together to regulate temperature, pH levels, blood sugar levels, and other vital parameters within a narrow range. This ensures optimal functioning of the body's cells and organs. Therefore, the statement "It is the maintenance of constant internal state" accurately describes the concept of homeostasis.

The correct answer is neuron because a neuron is the basic building block of the nervous system. It is responsible for transmitting electrical signals and information throughout the body. Neurons have specialized structures called dendrites and axons that allow them to receive and send signals, respectively. Nerves are made up of bundles of neurons, but they are not the structural and functional unit of nervous tissue. Collagen is a type of protein found in connective tissues and is not directly related to the structure and function of nervous tissue.

The endocrine system and the nervous system are responsible for controlling body functions. The endocrine system consists of glands that produce hormones, which regulate various bodily processes such as metabolism, growth, and reproduction. The nervous system, on the other hand, includes the brain, spinal cord, and nerves, and it controls body functions through electrical impulses and neurotransmitters. Together, these two systems work in harmony to maintain homeostasis and ensure the proper functioning of the body.

The correct answer is "Molecule, Cell, Tissue, Organ, Organ System, and Organism." This answer correctly lists the hierarchical levels of organization in the living world from the least inclusive to the most inclusive. At the lowest level, molecules are the building blocks of cells, which are the basic units of life. Cells then combine to form tissues, which further organize into organs. Organs work together to form organ systems, and all of these levels together make up an organism.

Connective tissue is different from the other major tissues because it is made up of cells that are sparsely scattered through a non-living matrix. This means that the cells are not tightly packed together like in other tissues, and they are surrounded by a substance that is not living. This non-living matrix provides support and structure to the tissue. In contrast, other major tissues such as epithelial tissue, muscle tissue, and nervous tissue are primarily composed of cells that are closely packed together and do not have a non-living matrix.

The physician is concerned about the patient's slowed nerve impulse transmission, which is likely caused by damage to the myelin sheath. The myelin sheath is a protective covering that surrounds nerve fibers and helps to increase the speed of nerve impulse transmission. Damage to the myelin sheath can result in a decrease in the speed of nerve signals, leading to symptoms such as slowed reflexes and impaired coordination.

Positive feedback is the correct answer because it describes a process in which the initial stimulus or event amplifies or enhances the response. In this case, the formation of a blood clot leads to the production of more thrombin, which in turn activates more enzymes to produce even more thrombin. This creates a self-amplifying cycle that promotes blood clotting.

The correct answer is simple squamous. Blood vessels are lined by a single layer of flattened cells, which are known as simple squamous cells. These cells are thin and allow for the easy exchange of gases and nutrients between the blood and surrounding tissues. They also help to reduce friction as blood flows through the vessels.

Sponges lack definite tissues and possess asymmetrical or radial symmetry. Sponges are simple multicellular organisms that do not have specialized tissues or organs. They have a porous body with numerous small openings called pores. Sponges can vary in shape and size, but they generally lack symmetry. They can be asymmetrical or have radial symmetry, meaning their body parts are arranged around a central axis. This distinguishes sponges from other organisms such as hydra, jellyfish, and coral, which have definite tissues and exhibit different types of symmetry.

Collagen and elastin are fibrous proteins that are secreted by fibroblasts. Fibroblasts are cells that are responsible for producing the extracellular matrix, which provides structural support to tissues and organs. Collagen is the most abundant protein in the body and forms the main component of connective tissues, such as tendons, ligaments, and skin. Elastin, on the other hand, is a protein that provides elasticity to tissues, allowing them to stretch and recoil. Together, collagen and elastin play crucial roles in maintaining the strength, structure, and flexibility of various tissues in the body.

Smooth muscle is a type of muscle tissue that is found in the walls of various organs and structures in the body, such as the digestive tract, blood vessels, and respiratory system. Unlike skeletal muscle, which is under voluntary control, smooth muscle is involuntary, meaning it is not consciously controlled by the individual. This allows for automatic and continuous contraction and relaxation of smooth muscle, which is important for functions like digestion, blood flow regulation, and breathing. Therefore, the statement "Involuntary Body Activities" accurately describes smooth muscle.

Vitamin D and Folic Acid are both used to regulate calcium uptake by the bones. This means that they play a crucial role in maintaining bone health and ensuring proper absorption of calcium in the body. While it is true that they can be obtained through diet, it is not mentioned in the explanation that they cannot be synthesized at all by the human body or that they cannot be synthesized enough to meet a person's demand.

Cartilage is formed from a matrix of collagen fibers embedded in a hard mineral substance. It is a flexible connective tissue that provides support and cushioning to various parts of the body, such as the joints, nose, and ears. Unlike bone, cartilage does not contain blood vessels or nerves, making it less rigid and more flexible. It plays a crucial role in maintaining the shape and structure of body parts while allowing for smooth movement.

This statement is false because an organ can perform functions that are not solely limited to the functions of its component tissues. Organs have specialized structures and functions that are distinct from the individual tissues that make them up. For example, the heart is an organ composed of different types of tissues, but its function is to pump blood, which is not a function that any individual tissue within the heart can perform on its own.

The cells lining the air sacs in the lungs are composed of a simple squamous epithelium. This type of epithelium consists of a single layer of flat cells that are tightly packed together. The thinness and flat shape of these cells allow for efficient gas exchange between the air sacs and the bloodstream. This type of epithelium is also found in other areas where diffusion and filtration are important, such as the lining of blood vessels and the kidneys.

Scleroderma is a disease characterized by the deposition of collagen in the skin due to repeated inflammation. This excessive collagen production leads to a hardening and tightening of the skin, resulting in less flexibility. Therefore, less flexibility in the skin would be a symptom of Scleroderma.

Flukes are not annelids because they belong to the class Trematoda, which is a type of flatworm. Annelids, on the other hand, are segmented worms that include earthworms, leeches, and polychaetes. Flukes have a different body structure and belong to a different taxonomic group, making them distinct from annelids.

Hydra is the correct answer because it is a simple multicellular organism that possesses a gastrovascular cavity. This cavity serves as both a digestive and circulatory system, allowing for the digestion of food and the distribution of nutrients throughout the body. Earthworms, grasshoppers, and birds, on the other hand, have a complete digestive system with a separate mouth and anus, and do not possess a gastrovascular cavity.

Epithelial tissue is the most abundant kind of tissue in animals, including gorillas. Epithelial tissue covers the body surfaces, lines the organs and cavities, and forms glands. It provides protection, absorption, secretion, and sensation. Connective tissue, such as bone and cartilage, supports and connects different body parts. Blood is a specialized connective tissue that transports oxygen, nutrients, and waste products. Muscle tissue is responsible for movement. However, in terms of abundance, epithelial tissue is found in larger quantities throughout the animal's body.

The simple cuboidal cells found in the tubules would have the function of secreting and absorbing substances. These cells are specialized to secrete certain substances into the tubules and also absorb necessary substances from the tubules. They play a crucial role in maintaining the balance of various substances in the body and regulating important processes.

Collagen is a protein found in the connective tissues of the body, including the walls of blood vessels. When there is an excess of Vitamin C, the production of collagen increases. However, an excessive amount of collagen can cause the blood vessels to become stiff and less flexible, making them more prone to rupture. Therefore, the observation that people with too much Vitamin C have an increased risk of small blood vessels rupturing can be explained by the fact that collagen causes blood vessels to become stiff and more likely to break.

The correct answer is loose connective tissue. This type of connective tissue is the most common in the human body because it is found throughout the body and serves various functions. It provides support and elasticity to organs and tissues, connects different structures together, and allows for movement and flexibility. Loose connective tissue also plays a role in immune response and helps in the transportation of nutrients and waste products.

The mesoderm is one of the three primary germ layers that form during embryonic development. It gives rise to various structures in the body, including muscles, bones, connective tissues, and the cardiovascular system. Therefore, the correct answer is muscles, as the mesoderm is responsible for their development.

The endoderm is one of the three germ layers that form during embryonic development. It gives rise to the innermost layer of tissues and organs in the body. The lungs are derived from the endoderm, specifically from a region called the respiratory diverticulum. During development, this diverticulum grows and branches to form the intricate network of airways and alveoli that make up the lungs. Therefore, the correct answer is lungs.