Advanced Placement World History: Modern! Practice Test

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1. On December 7, 1941,

Explanation

The correct answer is Japanese planes bombed the United States naval base at Pearl Harbor. This event, which occurred on December 7, 1941, was a surprise military strike by the Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service against the United States naval base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. The attack led to the United States' entry into World War II and was a significant factor in the eventual defeat of the Axis powers.

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World History Quizzes & Trivia

As part of advanced placement, different tests are given to ascertain and determine whether or not you will get through. The advanced placement world history quiz below specifically... see moretests on the vast world history. All the best. see less

2. Gandhi's "unusual" political ideas included

Explanation

Gandhi's "unusual" political ideas included nonviolence. This means that he believed in resolving conflicts and achieving political goals without the use of force or violence. Gandhi promoted peaceful protests, civil disobedience, and passive resistance as effective means of bringing about social and political change. He believed in the power of love, truth, and nonviolent resistance to overcome oppression and injustice. Gandhi's philosophy of nonviolence had a significant impact on the Indian independence movement and inspired many other civil rights and peace movements around the world.

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3. What is globalization?

Explanation

Globalization refers to the process of increasing integration and interaction between countries and societies around the world. This includes economic integration, such as the flow of goods, services, and capital across borders, as well as cultural and political integration, such as the exchange of ideas, values, and policies. It is not related to the warming of the earth's core, colonization of planets, protecting markets through tariffs, or the call for a one-world government.

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4. The first humans to walk on the moon in the 20th century were:

Explanation

Buzz Aldrin and Neil Armstrong were the first humans to walk on the moon in the 20th century. They were part of the Apollo 11 mission, which successfully landed on the moon on July 20, 1969. Neil Armstrong famously took the first step onto the lunar surface, followed shortly by Buzz Aldrin. Together, they spent a total of about two and a half hours outside the lunar module, conducting experiments and collecting samples before returning to Earth. Their historic achievement marked a significant milestone in human space exploration.

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5. The World Trade Organization was founded to

Explanation

The correct answer is "reduce trade barriers and enforce international trade agreements." The World Trade Organization (WTO) was established to promote free and fair trade by reducing barriers such as tariffs and quotas, and ensuring that countries adhere to international trade rules and agreements. The goal of the WTO is to create a level playing field for all nations and foster economic growth through increased global trade.

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6. The "Brazilian Solution" refers to

Explanation

The "Brazilian Solution" refers to the combination of dictatorship, repression, and government promotion of industrialization. This term is used to describe the authoritarian regime that was established in Brazil during the 1960s and 1970s, which aimed to accelerate economic development through the suppression of political opposition and the implementation of industrial policies. This approach prioritized economic growth over civil liberties and human rights, leading to widespread repression and human rights abuses.

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7. The German Blitzkrieg meant, literally,

Explanation

The term "Blitzkrieg" refers to a military tactic used by the German forces during World War II. It involved the use of a fast and overwhelming attack, combining air and ground forces to quickly penetrate enemy lines and disrupt their defenses. The term "lightning war" accurately captures the essence of this strategy, emphasizing the speed and intensity of the German offensive operations.

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8. The Soviet-dominated counterpart to NATO was the

Explanation

The Warsaw Pact was the Soviet-dominated counterpart to NATO. It was a military alliance formed in 1955 by the Soviet Union and several Eastern European countries. The purpose of the Warsaw Pact was to counter the influence of NATO and to maintain Soviet control over the Eastern Bloc. The member countries of the Warsaw Pact pledged to provide mutual military assistance to each other in the event of an attack. This alliance played a significant role in the Cold War and the division of Europe between the Eastern and Western Blocs.

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9. The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) was a

Explanation

The correct answer is military alliance consisting of the United States and western European countries. NATO was formed in 1949 as a collective defense agreement between the United States, Canada, and several European countries. Its purpose was to provide mutual defense and security against the potential threat posed by the Soviet Union during the Cold War. The alliance was based on the principle of collective defense, where an attack on one member would be considered an attack on all. NATO played a significant role in maintaining stability and deterring aggression during the Cold War period.

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10. The Soviet Union was dissolved in

Explanation

The Soviet Union was dissolved in 1991. This event marked the end of the Soviet Union as a political entity and the beginning of independent states emerging from its former territory. The dissolution was a result of various factors, including political and economic reforms, nationalist movements, and the weakening of centralized authority. The year 1991 is significant as it represents a major turning point in global politics and the end of the Cold War era.

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11. What is the goal of terrorism?

Explanation

The goal of terrorism is to convince people that their government is incapable of protecting them from pervasive threats. This is achieved through acts of violence and destruction, which create fear and insecurity among the population. By demonstrating the government's inability to maintain security and protect its citizens, terrorists aim to undermine public trust and confidence in the government, potentially leading to social and political instability.

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12. Franklin D. Roosevelt's economic recovery plan was:

Explanation

The correct answer is New Deal. Franklin D. Roosevelt's economic recovery plan during the Great Depression was known as the New Deal. This plan aimed to provide relief, recovery, and reform to the American economy through various government programs and policies. The New Deal included initiatives such as the creation of the Civilian Conservation Corps, the Works Progress Administration, and the Social Security Act, among others, which aimed to create jobs, stimulate economic growth, and provide a safety net for citizens.

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13. Significant internal conflict was found in India among which two groups?

Explanation

The significant internal conflict in India was found between Hindus and Muslims. This conflict has historical roots and has been a major issue in the country for many years. The conflict stems from religious differences and has led to violence and tensions between the two groups.

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14. In 1798, Thomas Malthus argued that

Explanation

Thomas Malthus argued in 1798 that population growth would outstrip food production. He believed that population increases at a geometric rate while food production only increases at an arithmetic rate. Therefore, he concluded that eventually the population would exceed the available food supply, leading to famine, disease, and other forms of population control. This theory became known as the Malthusian theory of population. Malthus' ideas were controversial and sparked debates about the relationship between population growth and resources.

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15. The Battle of Britain was conducted primarily by

Explanation

The Battle of Britain was primarily conducted by air attacks. This means that the main form of warfare used during this battle was through aerial bombings and dogfights between aircraft. The use of submarines, naval warships, ground force invasion, and magneto-electric pulse detonation are not mentioned as the primary methods used in this battle.

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16. The start of the final Allied push to end the war in Europe began on June 6, 1944, known as

Explanation

D-Day refers to the start of the final Allied push to end the war in Europe, which began on June 6, 1944. It was a significant military operation during World War II, where Allied forces landed on the beaches of Normandy in France. The invasion marked a turning point in the war and ultimately led to the liberation of Western Europe from Nazi control.

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17. Which leader of the African National Congress organized guerrilla resistance in 1960?

Explanation

Nelson Mandela, a leader of the African National Congress, organized guerrilla resistance in 1960. Mandela was a prominent anti-apartheid activist and played a key role in the fight against racial segregation in South Africa. He advocated for non-violent resistance but later turned to armed struggle after peaceful protests were met with violent repression. Mandela's leadership and involvement in guerrilla resistance ultimately led to his arrest and imprisonment for 27 years before he was released and became the first black President of South Africa.

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18. The key to victory in the Pacific Ocean was

Explanation

During World War II, aircraft carriers played a crucial role in the Pacific Ocean. They provided a mobile and flexible platform for launching air strikes against enemy forces and targets. The ability to project air power over long distances allowed the United States to effectively counter Japanese aggression and regain control of the Pacific. Holding the Philippine Islands was important strategically, but it was the aircraft carriers that provided the means to achieve victory by dominating the skies and supporting amphibious operations. The base at Pearl Harbor was significant but was severely damaged during the surprise attack in 1941. The atomic bomb was a game-changer in ending the war, but it was not the key to victory in the Pacific. Short supply lines were important for logistical support, but they did not directly contribute to military success in the region.

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19. The end of the war in the Pacific arena was controversial because of

Explanation

The end of the war in the Pacific arena was controversial because of the U.S. use of atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. This decision to drop atomic bombs resulted in the loss of thousands of civilian lives and caused immense destruction. It sparked international objection and raised ethical concerns about the use of such devastating weapons. The use of atomic bombs also had long-lasting environmental effects due to radioactivity. The economic devastation that would occur to the rest of Japan is not mentioned as a reason for the controversy.

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20. Gandhi protested British violence and policies by

Explanation

Gandhi protested British violence and policies through fasting. Fasting was one of the nonviolent methods used by Gandhi to draw attention to his cause and to put pressure on the British government. By abstaining from food, Gandhi demonstrated his commitment to his beliefs and his willingness to sacrifice himself for the cause of Indian independence. Fasting was a powerful tool for Gandhi as it not only showcased his personal strength and determination but also appealed to the moral conscience of the British rulers and the international community.

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21. The discovery by the United States that the Soviet Union had deployed nuclear missiles in Cuba in 1962 sparked

Explanation

The correct answer is the Cuban missile crisis. In 1962, the United States discovered that the Soviet Union had deployed nuclear missiles in Cuba, which led to a tense standoff between the two superpowers. This event, known as the Cuban missile crisis, brought the world to the brink of nuclear war and was a major turning point in the Cold War. The United States responded with a naval blockade of Cuba, demanding the removal of the missiles. Ultimately, a diplomatic agreement was reached, with the Soviet Union agreeing to remove their missiles from Cuba in exchange for the United States removing their missiles from Turkey.

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22. What event was the catalyst for the space race?

Explanation

The correct answer is the Soviet Sputnik satellite launch. This event marked the first time that a man-made object was successfully launched into space, and it sparked a sense of urgency and competition between the United States and the Soviet Union. The launch of Sputnik in 1957 by the Soviet Union was seen as a technological and scientific achievement, and it led to increased investments in space exploration and the development of new technologies. This event ultimately set the stage for the space race between the two superpowers.

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23. Which of the following is not one of the "Asian Tigers"?

Explanation

Cambodia is not one of the "Asian Tigers" because the term refers to the highly developed economies of East Asia, known for their rapid industrialization and high growth rates. Cambodia, although located in Asia, does not have the same level of economic development and growth as the other countries listed.

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24. Which group was not murdered by the Nazis in the interest of "racial purity"?

Explanation

The Nazis did not murder Aryans in the interest of "racial purity" as they considered Aryans to be the superior race. The concept of racial purity was based on their belief in the superiority of the Aryan race and the need to eliminate other groups that they considered inferior, such as Jews, homosexuals, the disabled and mentally ill, Gypsies, and the Polish elite.

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25. South African governments used policies of racial segregation called

Explanation

Apartheid was a system of racial segregation implemented by the South African governments. This policy aimed to separate different racial groups, particularly black and white individuals, and enforce discrimination and inequality. It involved laws that restricted the rights and freedoms of non-white individuals, such as separate facilities, education, and job opportunities. Apartheid was a significant and controversial aspect of South African history, eventually abolished in the 1990s through the efforts of activists and international pressure.

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26. Twenty-eight million of the 40 million people infected with the HIV virus live in

Explanation

The correct answer is Africa because the question states that out of the 40 million people infected with the HIV virus, 28 million of them live in a specific region. Since Africa is the only region mentioned in the given options, it can be inferred that the majority of HIV infections are concentrated in Africa.

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27. The Korean War was limited to the Korean peninsula because

Explanation

During the Korean War, the United States feared that attacking China might prompt Soviet retaliation. The conflict had already escalated with the involvement of China, and a direct attack on Chinese territory could have potentially drawn the Soviet Union into the war. The United States was concerned about the possibility of a larger conflict with the Soviets, which could have had severe consequences. Therefore, they chose to limit the war to the Korean peninsula, focusing on defending South Korea rather than expanding the conflict further.

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28. Third World nations were

Explanation

The answer "usually newly independent, poor nations" is the best explanation because it accurately describes the characteristics of Third World nations. These nations were often newly independent from colonial rule and faced economic challenges, making them poor. This term was commonly used during the Cold War era to refer to these nations, regardless of their geographical location. The other options are not as comprehensive or accurate in describing Third World nations.

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29. The policy of restructuring the Soviet Union as authorized by Mikhail Gorbachev was known as

Explanation

Perestroika refers to the policy of restructuring the Soviet Union that was authorized by Mikhail Gorbachev. It aimed to introduce economic and political reforms to improve the efficiency and productivity of the Soviet economy. Glasnost, on the other hand, refers to the policy of openness and transparency that accompanied perestroika. Samizdat refers to the underground distribution of uncensored and unofficial publications in the Soviet Union. Kulak refers to the wealthy peasants who were targeted during collectivization in the Soviet Union. Tanizat is not a term related to the restructuring of the Soviet Union under Gorbachev.

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30. In the early twentieth century, the Ottoman Empire was referred to as the

Explanation

The term "sick man of Europe" was used to describe the declining state of the Ottoman Empire in the early twentieth century. It reflected the empire's weakened political, economic, and military power, as well as its internal instability and struggles with modernization. This phrase was commonly used by European powers to highlight the empire's vulnerability and its inability to keep up with the progress and advancements of other European nations.

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31. The influenza epidemic of 1918-1919

Explanation

The correct answer is "killed 20 million." The influenza epidemic of 1918-1919 was a global pandemic caused by the H1N1 influenza A virus. It infected approximately one-third of the world's population and resulted in an estimated death toll of 20 to 50 million people worldwide. This pandemic was one of the deadliest in history, affecting all age groups and causing high mortality rates, particularly among young adults. Antibiotics were not effective in treating the influenza virus, as antibiotics are used to treat bacterial infections, not viral infections.

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32. Mao Zedong's 1934 escape from the Guomindang to Shaanxi was called the

Explanation

The correct answer is "Long March." Mao Zedong's escape from the Guomindang to Shaanxi in 1934 is commonly referred to as the Long March. This was a strategic retreat by the Red Army of the Communist Party of China, covering a distance of over 6,000 miles. The Long March lasted for about a year and involved crossing difficult terrains, enduring harsh weather conditions, and engaging in multiple battles with enemy forces. It played a crucial role in solidifying Mao's leadership and establishing the Communist Party as a significant force in China.

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33. The Marshall Plan

Explanation

The correct answer is that the Marshall Plan provided 12.5 billion dollars in economic aid to friendly European countries. The Marshall Plan was a program initiated by the United States after World War II to provide financial assistance to European countries in order to help them rebuild their economies. The plan aimed to promote economic stability and prevent the spread of communism in Europe. The funds provided through the Marshall Plan were used for various purposes such as infrastructure development, industrial modernization, and agricultural improvements. This aid played a crucial role in the post-war recovery of Europe.

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34. The motives for the September 11, 2001, attacks included

Explanation

The correct answer is anger at American influence in the Middle East. This is because the September 11, 2001, attacks were carried out by the terrorist group Al-Qaeda, led by Osama bin Laden, who expressed anger and resentment towards American foreign policies, particularly in the Middle East. Bin Laden and his followers believed that the United States had too much influence in the region and were interfering in Muslim affairs. The attacks were seen as a way to retaliate against this perceived American dominance and to send a message of resistance.

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35. Mao Zedong's 1958 Great Leap Forward was a plan designed to

Explanation

The correct answer is industrialize using small-scale industries and collectivized agriculture. This is because Mao Zedong's Great Leap Forward was a plan to rapidly industrialize China by promoting small-scale industries and collectivized agriculture. The goal was to increase agricultural and industrial production through the establishment of communes and the implementation of backyard steel furnaces. However, this plan ultimately led to a severe economic downturn and a widespread famine, causing the death of millions of people.

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36. Since World War II, the most important political issue in Arab countries has been the

Explanation

The most important political issue in Arab countries since World War II has been the struggle with Israel. This conflict has been ongoing for decades and has had a significant impact on the political landscape of the region. The Arab-Israeli conflict has led to numerous wars, diplomatic tensions, and ongoing disputes over land and resources. It has also shaped the relationships between Arab countries and the international community, particularly with regards to the United States and other Western powers. The struggle with Israel has been a central focus for Arab countries and has influenced their domestic and foreign policies.

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37. The North American Free Trade Agreement

Explanation

The correct answer is "eliminated tariffs among the United States, Canada, and Mexico." The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) was a trade agreement between these three countries that aimed to eliminate tariffs and other trade barriers. It created a free trade zone, promoting economic integration and facilitating the flow of goods and services between the participating nations. This agreement was not related to the European Union, as stated in one of the incorrect options.

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38. Vladimir Lenin was the leader of the

Explanation

Vladimir Lenin was the leader of the Bolsheviks, a Marxist political party in Russia. The Bolsheviks played a crucial role in the Russian Revolution of 1917, overthrowing the Provisional Government and establishing a socialist government. Lenin's leadership and ideology were instrumental in shaping the direction of the Bolshevik party and its revolutionary activities. The Bolsheviks eventually became the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, with Lenin as its first leader.

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39. Who were the Viet Cong?

Explanation

The Viet Cong were a communist guerilla movement in Vietnam that was supported by North Vietnam. They fought against the South Vietnamese government and the United States during the Vietnam War. The Viet Cong aimed to unify Vietnam under communist rule and were a significant force in the conflict.

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40. The Hezbollah are

Explanation

The correct answer is "Shi'ite in Lebanon." Hezbollah is a Shi'ite Islamist political and military organization based in Lebanon. They are known for their strong support for Iran and their involvement in the Lebanese government and armed forces. Hezbollah has been involved in various conflicts in the region, including the Syrian Civil War, where they support the Syrian government. They are not affiliated with any other religious or ethnic groups mentioned in the options.

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41. As a response to the protests that culminated in Tiananmen Square, the Chinese government

Explanation

In response to the protests in Tiananmen Square, the Chinese government resorted to using force. This is evident from historical records and accounts of the events that occurred in 1989. The Chinese government deployed the military and security forces to suppress the demonstrations, leading to a violent crackdown on the protesters. This action resulted in numerous casualties and widespread condemnation from the international community.

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42. Hitler's goal for Germany included all of the following except

Explanation

Hitler's goal for Germany included the repeal of the Treaty of Versailles, taking over all German-speaking territory, expanding into Poland, and eliminating the Jews from Europe. However, his goal did not involve dividing the Western world from the Eastern by a tripartite pact with Japan. This answer is incorrect because Hitler did form a pact with Japan, known as the Tripartite Pact, but its purpose was to create an alliance between Germany, Italy, and Japan to counter the growing influence of the United States, rather than dividing the Western world from the Eastern.

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43. In 1935, Mussolini took advantage of the weakness of the Western democracies and

Explanation

In 1935, Mussolini saw an opportunity to expand Italy's empire and took advantage of the weakness of the Western democracies by invading Ethiopia. This was part of his plan to establish Italy as a major power and gain control over more territories. The invasion of Ethiopia was a significant event in history as it demonstrated Mussolini's aggressive foreign policy and disregard for international law. It also highlighted the failure of the League of Nations to prevent acts of aggression by its member states.

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44.   The policy decision that most affected future relations between the Jewish and Palestinian settlers was embodied in

Explanation

The Balfour Declaration is the correct answer because it had a significant impact on the future relations between Jewish and Palestinian settlers. The declaration, issued by the British government in 1917, expressed support for the establishment of a "national home for the Jewish people" in Palestine. This policy decision was a key factor in the eventual establishment of the state of Israel and has been a source of ongoing conflict between Israelis and Palestinians. The other options listed do not have the same level of historical significance in relation to Jewish and Palestinian relations.

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45. The final defeat of Japan took longer than victory over Germany in large part because

Explanation

During World War II, the United States focused its military efforts primarily on defeating Germany. This was due to the fact that Germany posed a greater threat to the Allies and had a stronger military compared to Japan. The United States, along with its allies, dedicated significant resources, troops, and strategic planning to the European theater of war, which ultimately led to the defeat of Germany before Japan. This concentration of efforts delayed the final defeat of Japan, as the Allies had to redirect their attention and resources towards the Pacific theater to effectively combat the Japanese forces.

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46. The most successful of the regional trade associations has been

Explanation

The European Union (EU) is considered the most successful regional trade association because it has achieved a high level of economic integration among its member states. The EU has established a single market with free movement of goods, services, capital, and labor. It has also implemented a common currency, the euro, in several member countries. The EU has been successful in promoting trade, investment, and economic growth among its member states, leading to increased prosperity and stability in the region. Additionally, the EU has played a significant role in shaping global trade policies and has negotiated numerous trade agreements with other countries and regions.

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47. In the 1990s, free trade appeared to be the best way to achieve economic growth

Explanation

The correct answer suggests that although free trade was initially seen as the best way to achieve economic growth in the 1990s, it also had negative consequences such as causing downturns and inequalities, which in turn led to protests around the world. This explanation highlights the potential drawbacks of free trade and the social unrest it can generate.

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48. Which country was engaged in an "unwinnable war" with Afghanistan in the 1980s?

Explanation

During the 1980s, the Soviet Union (USSR) was engaged in an "unwinnable war" with Afghanistan. The USSR invaded Afghanistan in 1979 to support the communist government, but faced strong resistance from Afghan rebel groups known as the Mujahideen. The war dragged on for nearly a decade and resulted in heavy casualties for the USSR. The conflict became a quagmire for the Soviet forces, draining their resources and ultimately leading to their withdrawal in 1989.

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49. Stalin's First Five-Year Plan stressed

Explanation

The correct answer is increases in electricity and heavy industries. This is because Stalin's First Five-Year Plan, implemented from 1928 to 1932, aimed to rapidly industrialize the Soviet Union. The plan emphasized the development of heavy industries such as iron, steel, and machinery, as well as the expansion of electricity production. The goal was to transform the Soviet Union into a modern industrialized nation and catch up with the more advanced Western countries. This focus on industrialization was prioritized over the production of consumer goods for export or acquiring colonies.

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50. The stock market crash of 1929 turned into

Explanation

The stock market crash of 1929 resulted in the deepest, most widespread depression in history. This means that the economic downturn that followed the crash was severe and affected a large number of countries and regions. It was not limited to a specific country or a minor event with a quick recovery. The use of the phrase "most widespread depression in history" emphasizes the magnitude and global impact of the economic crisis that followed the stock market crash.

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51. The United Nations Security Council included all of the following nations as permanent members except

Explanation

The United Nations Security Council consists of five permanent members, known as the P5, who have the power of veto. These members are the United States, Britain, France, China, and Russia (which was formerly the USSR). Sweden is not included as a permanent member of the Security Council, making it the correct answer.

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52. What turned the political assassination of Franz Ferdinand into a world-wide event involving all of the Great Powers was:

Explanation

The correct answer is the pre-existing system of alliances. The assassination of Franz Ferdinand triggered a chain reaction of events due to the complex network of alliances between nations. When Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia, Serbia's allies, Russia and France, came to its defense. In response, Germany declared war on Russia and France, leading to the involvement of other Great Powers like Britain. The pre-existing system of alliances escalated the conflict and turned it into a worldwide event, ultimately leading to World War I.

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53. Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini led an Iranian revolt in 1979 against the former shah and then implemented

Explanation

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54. Latin America's decolonization was significantly different from that of Africa because

Explanation

Latin America's decolonization was significantly different from that of Africa because independence movements had occurred in the nineteenth century but were not followed by industrialization. This means that even though Latin American countries gained their independence from European powers, they did not experience the same level of economic development and modernization as Africa did. In contrast, Africa had a longer period of colonization by multiple European nations, which led to a more complex and fragmented process of decolonization. Additionally, the fact that Latin America had never been part of the slave trade and was predominantly Catholic are not valid explanations for the difference in decolonization processes.

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55. The British finally recognized Indian independence in 1947 with

Explanation

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56. What did Emiliano Zapata do with the land he seized?

Explanation

Emiliano Zapata, a Mexican revolutionary, returned the land he seized to the Indian villages. This action demonstrates Zapata's commitment to the principles of agrarian reform and social justice, as he sought to restore land rights to the indigenous communities who had been historically marginalized and dispossessed. By returning the land to the Indian villages, Zapata aimed to empower and uplift these communities, allowing them to regain control over their own resources and livelihoods.

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57. The leader of the Guomindang after 1925 was:

Explanation

Chiang Kai-shek was the leader of the Guomindang after 1925. He succeeded Sun Yat-sen, the founder of the party, and played a significant role in the Chinese Civil War against the Communist Party led by Mao Zedong. Chiang Kai-shek's leadership was characterized by his efforts to modernize China, his authoritarian rule, and his opposition to the Communists. Despite his initial successes, Chiang's leadership eventually faltered, leading to the retreat of the Guomindang to Taiwan after their defeat in the civil war.

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58. World War II was most important for African independence movements because

Explanation

During World War II, many Africans served in the Allied armies, which exposed them to new ideas and experiences. This exposure to different cultures and ideologies influenced their thinking and sparked a desire for independence. The experience of fighting alongside soldiers from other countries also highlighted the inequalities and injustices of colonialism, further fueling the African independence movements. Therefore, the answer "many Africans served in Allied armies and returned with radical new ideas" is the most plausible explanation for why World War II was important for African independence movements.

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59. Decolonization was

Explanation

The correct answer is often shaped by the need to align with either the United States or the Soviet Union. During the Cold War, the United States and the Soviet Union were engaged in a global power struggle, and many newly decolonized nations found themselves caught in the middle. These nations often had to align with one of the superpowers in order to receive economic aid, military support, or protection. This alignment influenced their political ideologies, foreign policies, and even internal conflicts.

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60. The stated purpose of the United States' invasion of Iraq was

Explanation

The correct answer is to find the weapons of mass destruction. This explanation is based on the historical context of the United States' invasion of Iraq in 2003. The primary justification given by the U.S. government at the time was that Iraq possessed weapons of mass destruction (WMDs) and posed a threat to international security. However, after the invasion, no substantial evidence of WMDs was found, leading to criticism and controversy surrounding the decision to invade.

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61. Mao Zedong's variety of communism was a radical departure from the traditional ideology because it

Explanation

Mao Zedong's variety of communism was a radical departure from the traditional ideology because it relied on the peasantry. Unlike traditional communism which focused on the urban proletariat, Mao's communism placed a strong emphasis on the rural peasantry. He believed that the peasants were the true revolutionary class and that they held the power to bring about a communist revolution. This departure from the traditional ideology made Mao's communism unique and distinct from other forms of communism, including Stalin's brand. The answer "relied on the peasantry" accurately captures this key aspect of Mao's communist ideology.

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62. Christian religions proved attractive in some parts of Africa because

Explanation

Christian religions proved attractive in some parts of Africa because they established mission schools. This allowed Africans to receive education and literacy skills, which were highly valued. The mission schools also provided opportunities for Africans to learn about Christianity and its teachings, which appealed to some individuals. Additionally, the establishment of mission schools allowed for the integration of African cultural practices and traditions with Christian beliefs, making it more adaptable to African needs.

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63. Hindering Latin American development was the fact that Latin American countries

Explanation

The correct answer is "All of these." This means that all of the given options - economic dependence on the United States and Britain, lack of industrialization despite achieving independence, class divisions between indigenous elites and European-born people, and significant differences in evolution - hindered Latin American development.

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64. The triumph of the Green Revolution was:

Explanation

The correct answer is the development of "miracle rice". The Green Revolution refers to a series of technological advancements in agriculture that took place in the mid-20th century. One of the major achievements of the Green Revolution was the development of high-yielding varieties of crops, such as "miracle rice". These new varieties of rice had higher yields and were more resistant to pests and diseases, helping to increase food production and alleviate hunger in many developing countries. The development of "miracle rice" played a significant role in the success of the Green Revolution.

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65. The global financial crisis of 2008 had its roots in all of the following except:

Explanation

The global financial crisis of 2008 had its roots in several factors, including a collapse of the housing market in the US, an Asian financial crisis in the 1990s, decreased investment after a bubble economy "popped" in 1997, and increased American national debt. However, the transition to an international gold standard is not a factor that contributed to the crisis. The gold standard refers to a monetary system where a country's currency is directly linked to gold, and this transition did not play a role in causing the crisis.

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66. In 1923, Mustafa Kemal (Atatürk) turned Turkey into

Explanation

The correct answer is a secular republic. In 1923, Mustafa Kemal (Atatürk) transformed Turkey from a sultanate into a secular republic. Atatürk implemented a series of reforms aimed at modernizing Turkey and separating religion from politics. He abolished the sultanate and established a new political system based on secular principles, emphasizing the separation of religion and state. This included the introduction of a new legal code, the adoption of the Latin alphabet, and the promotion of Western-style education and dress. Atatürk's goal was to create a modern, secular, and Western-oriented Turkey.

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67. Which of the following is not true of Israel?

Explanation

Israel did not lose land to Jordan in 1948. In fact, during the 1948 Arab-Israeli War, Jordan occupied and annexed the West Bank, including East Jerusalem, while Israel retained control over the rest of the territory that was originally allocated to the Jewish state under the United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine. Therefore, it is not true that Israel lost land to Jordan in 1948.

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68. Solidarity was

Explanation

The correct answer is "all of these" because Solidarity was indeed a labor union of Polish shipyard workers, it was supported by the Catholic Church in Poland, it caused the Polish government to impose martial law, and it was a potent force with nationally recognized leaders.

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69. The Communist Party of the Soviet Union planned to pay for industrialization by

Explanation

The correct answer is "squeezing the peasants." During the industrialization period in the Soviet Union, the Communist Party implemented policies that heavily taxed and exploited the peasants to fund the rapid industrial growth. This was done through collectivization, where individual peasant farms were combined into large state-run farms, and the peasants were forced to give up their crops and livestock to the government at low prices. The government then sold these agricultural products at higher prices, effectively squeezing the peasants for their resources and wealth.

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70. Which of the following was not one of the elements in the Treaty of Versailles that angered Germany?

Explanation

The Treaty of Versailles imposed several harsh terms on Germany after World War I, including the infamous "guilt clause" that placed sole responsibility for the war on Germany. Germany was also required to pay large reparations to the Allied powers and lost significant territories. Additionally, the treaty mandated the disarmament of the German military, including the elimination of the air force. However, high tariffs enacted by the allies were not specifically mentioned as one of the elements that angered Germany in the Treaty of Versailles.

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71. Which of the following was not a factor in starting World War I?

Explanation

The Monroe Doctrine was not a factor in starting World War I. The Monroe Doctrine was a United States foreign policy that stated that any intervention by external powers in the politics of the Americas is a potentially hostile act against the US. It was not directly related to the causes of World War I, which were primarily driven by factors such as nationalism, the weakening of the Ottoman Empire, competition for resources, and alliances between different countries.

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72. What is NOT a part of the Obama Administration's financial recovery plan?

Explanation

The Obama Administration's financial recovery plan included massive increases in government spending, job development, and stabilization of the banking industry. However, free tuition at universities to encourage a higher educated work force was not a part of this plan.

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73. Failing to find Weapons of Mass Destruction, the revised intention of the United States' war in Iraq was announced to be:

Explanation

The revised intention of the United States' war in Iraq was to install a pro-democracy government. This means that the goal was to establish a government that is based on democratic principles and allows the people of Iraq to have a say in their governance. This objective suggests that the United States aimed to promote democracy and stability in Iraq, potentially leading to a more inclusive and representative government for the Iraqi people.

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74. Which of the following was not a result of increased United States production during World War II?

Explanation

During World War II, increased United States production had several positive effects. It ended the Depression and unemployment by providing jobs and stimulating economic growth. It created a post-World War II consumer boom as people had more disposable income to spend. Additionally, it helped improve nutrition in the United States as the increased production of food ensured a steady supply. However, the statement that the economy performed at a minimal level is incorrect. The increased production actually led to a thriving economy and a significant increase in the nation's GDP.

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75. What was the mandate system?

Explanation

The mandate system refers to the practice of colonial rulers administering territories but being held accountable to the League of Nations. This means that although the colonial rulers had control over the territories, they were required to report to and follow the guidelines set by the League of Nations. This system aimed to provide a degree of oversight and ensure that the rights and interests of the local populations were protected.

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76. The Bay of Pigs invasion

Explanation

The Bay of Pigs invasion was a United States-sponsored attempt to overthrow Castro. This invasion, which took place in 1961, was carried out by Cuban exiles trained and supported by the U.S. government. The goal was to overthrow Fidel Castro's communist regime in Cuba. However, the invasion was a failure and resulted in the capture and imprisonment of the invading forces. It was a significant event in the Cold War and strained relations between the United States and Cuba.

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77. Ho Chi Minh inspired

Explanation

Ho Chi Minh played a crucial role in inspiring nationalist movements in Vietnam against the French colonial rule. He advocated for the unification of various nationalist groups and formed a coalition to fight against French imperialism. Ho Chi Minh believed in the importance of national independence and led the Vietnamese people in their struggle for self-determination. His efforts culminated in the establishment of the Viet Minh, a nationalist coalition that fought for the liberation of Vietnam from French colonial rule. This answer accurately reflects Ho Chi Minh's role in inspiring a nationalist coalition against the French.

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78. Japan had

Explanation

Japan's correct answer is "very few natural resources and little arable land." This is because Japan is a mountainous island country with limited access to natural resources such as oil, coal, and iron ore. Additionally, due to its mountainous terrain, Japan has limited arable land for agriculture. These factors have historically made Japan heavily dependent on importing resources and focusing on industries that require less land and resources, such as manufacturing and technology.

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79. Which was not one of the significant parts of Wilson's fourteen-point plan to end the war?

Explanation

The correct answer is "Forfeiture of all German agricultural lands." This was not one of the significant parts of Wilson's fourteen-point plan to end the war. Wilson's plan focused on issues such as German evacuation of occupied lands, autonomy for nationalities under Ottoman rule, formation of an association of nations, and inclusion of local populations to settle territorial disputes. However, there is no mention of forfeiting German agricultural lands in Wilson's plan.

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80. Many Japanese nationalists thought that the answer to the Depression was to

Explanation

During the Great Depression, many Japanese nationalists believed that the solution to the economic crisis was to turn to traditional spiritual practices and honor their ancestors through prayers and sacrifices. They believed that by seeking guidance and blessings from their ancestors, they could find a way to overcome the challenges they were facing. This approach reflects a deep-rooted cultural and religious belief in the importance of ancestral worship and the power of spiritual intervention in times of difficulty.

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On December 7, 1941,
Gandhi's "unusual" political ideas included
What is globalization?
The first humans to walk on the moon in the 20th century were:
The World Trade Organization was founded to
The "Brazilian Solution" refers to
The German Blitzkrieg meant, literally,
The Soviet-dominated counterpart to NATO was the
The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) was a
The Soviet Union was dissolved in
What is the goal of terrorism?
Franklin D. Roosevelt's economic recovery plan was:
Significant internal conflict was found in India among which two...
In 1798, Thomas Malthus argued that
The Battle of Britain was conducted primarily by
The start of the final Allied push to end the war in Europe began on...
Which leader of the African National Congress organized guerrilla...
The key to victory in the Pacific Ocean was
The end of the war in the Pacific arena was controversial because of
Gandhi protested British violence and policies by
The discovery by the United States that the Soviet Union had deployed...
What event was the catalyst for the space race?
Which of the following is not one of the "Asian Tigers"?
Which group was not murdered by the Nazis in the interest of...
South African governments used policies of racial segregation called
Twenty-eight million of the 40 million people infected with the HIV...
The Korean War was limited to the Korean peninsula because
Third World nations were
The policy of restructuring the Soviet Union as authorized by Mikhail...
In the early twentieth century, the Ottoman Empire was referred to as...
The influenza epidemic of 1918-1919
Mao Zedong's 1934 escape from the Guomindang to Shaanxi was called...
The Marshall Plan
The motives for the September 11, 2001, attacks included
Mao Zedong's 1958 Great Leap Forward was a plan designed to
Since World War II, the most important political issue in Arab...
The North American Free Trade Agreement
Vladimir Lenin was the leader of the
Who were the Viet Cong?
The Hezbollah are
As a response to the protests that culminated in Tiananmen Square, the...
Hitler's goal for Germany included all of the following except
In 1935, Mussolini took advantage of the weakness of the Western...
  ...
The final defeat of Japan took longer than victory over Germany in...
The most successful of the regional trade associations has been
In the 1990s, free trade appeared to be the best way to achieve...
Which country was engaged in an "unwinnable war" with...
Stalin's First Five-Year Plan stressed
The stock market crash of 1929 turned into
The United Nations Security Council included all of the following...
What turned the political assassination of Franz Ferdinand into a...
Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini led an Iranian revolt in 1979 against the...
Latin America's decolonization was significantly different from...
The British finally recognized Indian independence in 1947 with
What did Emiliano Zapata do with the land he seized?
The leader of the Guomindang after 1925 was:
World War II was most important for African independence movements...
Decolonization was
The stated purpose of the United States' invasion of Iraq was
Mao Zedong's variety of communism was a radical departure from the...
Christian religions proved attractive in some parts of Africa because
Hindering Latin American development was the fact that Latin American...
The triumph of the Green Revolution was:
The global financial crisis of 2008 had its roots in all of the...
In 1923, Mustafa Kemal (Atatürk) turned Turkey into
Which of the following is not true of Israel?
Solidarity was
The Communist Party of the Soviet Union planned to pay for...
Which of the following was not one of the elements in the Treaty of...
Which of the following was not a factor in starting World War I?
What is NOT a part of the Obama Administration's financial...
Failing to find Weapons of Mass Destruction, the revised intention of...
Which of the following was not a result of increased United States...
What was the mandate system?
The Bay of Pigs invasion
Ho Chi Minh inspired
Japan had
Which was not one of the significant parts of Wilson's...
Many Japanese nationalists thought that the answer to the Depression...
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