The Ideal Quiz On Antiepileptics

The correct answer is "REDUCTION OF CALCIUM CURRENTS IN THE BODY." Drugs that treat absence seizures generally work by reducing the calcium currents in the body. This reduction in calcium currents helps to regulate the excessive electrical activity in the brain that leads to absence seizures. By inhibiting calcium currents, these drugs can effectively control and prevent absence seizures from occurring.

The drugs that treat tonic-clonic or partial seizures most likely work by delaying the recovery of sodium currents/channels from activation. This means that these drugs slow down the process of sodium channels returning to their inactive state after being activated. By doing so, they help regulate the excessive electrical activity in the brain that leads to seizures.

The given question is asking for a medication that does not cause potential birth defects in children when taken by the mother during pregnancy. The correct answer is "NONE OF THESE" because all the medications listed (TEGRETOL, PHENYTOIN, PHENOBARBITAL, and DEPAKOTE) are known to have the potential to cause birth defects when taken during pregnancy.

Phenytoin is a medication commonly used to treat seizures. It is effective in treating both generalized seizures, which involve the entire brain, and partial seizures, which only affect a specific area of the brain. This means that phenytoin can be used to manage a wide range of seizure disorders.

The correct answer is FALSE. This means that the statement "The higher the dose, the less of an increase in efficacy" is not true. In reality, as the dose of Neurontin increases, the efficacy does not increase in a linear fashion.

Liver failure is not a side effect associated with Tegretol. Tegretol, also known as carbamazepine, is an anticonvulsant and mood stabilizing drug. It is primarily used to treat epilepsy, neuropathic pain, and bipolar disorder. While Tegretol can have various side effects such as drowsiness, hyponatremia (low sodium levels in the blood), and blood dyscrasias (abnormalities in blood cell counts), liver failure is not one of them. Liver failure is a serious medical condition that can be caused by various factors, but it is not directly associated with the use of Tegretol.

Trileptal is a medication that is used to treat seizures. The statement "To convert from Tegretol to Trileptal, must multiply daily dose by 1.5x" is true because Trileptal is a derivative of Tegretol and has a different dosage requirement. The statement "Less side effects than Phenytoin, VPA, Tegretol" is also true because Trileptal is known to have fewer side effects compared to these other medications. Therefore, the correct answer is A and B.

All of these options (Tegretol, Phenytoin, and Valproic Acid) are good choices for treating tonic-clonic seizures. Tonic-clonic seizures, also known as grand mal seizures, are a type of generalized seizure that involves loss of consciousness and convulsions. Tegretol (carbamazepine), Phenytoin, and Valproic Acid are all antiepileptic drugs that can effectively control tonic-clonic seizures by stabilizing abnormal electrical activity in the brain. Therefore, all of these options are suitable for treating this type of seizure.

Depakote is the best first-line option for absence seizures. It is an antiepileptic drug that has been proven to be effective in treating absence seizures. Depakote works by increasing the levels of a neurotransmitter called GABA in the brain, which helps to reduce the abnormal electrical activity that causes seizures. It has been widely used and studied in the treatment of absence seizures and has shown good efficacy and safety. Other options like Tegretol, Phenytoin, and Phenobarbital may be used for other types of seizures but are not considered as effective for absence seizures.

Depakote is the drug with the least risk of cognitive impairments, although there is still a risk associated with its use. This means that compared to Tegretol, Phenytoin, and Phenyobarbital, Depakote is less likely to cause cognitive impairments in individuals who take it. However, it is important to note that there is still a potential risk of cognitive impairments when using Depakote.

MOST PRETTY EFFECTIVE, BUT ONE HAS LOWER SIDE EFFECTS.

Blurred vision is not associated with valproic acid. While valproic acid can cause side effects such as decreased platelets, tremor, weight gain, and increased ammonia levels, blurred vision is not commonly reported as a side effect of this medication.

Lamictal (Lamotrigine) is the drug associated with Steven Johnson Syndrome.

The correct answer is partial seizures. The question is asking about the type of seizures that are treated with options other than the big drugs for seizures. The answer, partial seizures, suggests that there are different types of seizures and that there are alternative treatment options available for partial seizures aside from the commonly used drugs for seizures.

Nausea is a side effect that is not commonly associated with the use of phenytoin. Phenytoin is an anticonvulsant medication used to control seizures. While it is known to cause various side effects such as behavior changes, gingival hyperplasia, rash, and sedation, nausea is not typically listed as one of the common side effects.

The statement "DRUG WORKS BY DECREASING GABA NT IN THE BODY" is not true about Depakote. Depakote works by increasing the activity of a neurotransmitter called GABA in the brain, not by decreasing it. GABA is responsible for reducing the activity of nerve cells in the brain, which helps to control seizures and stabilize mood.

TEGRETOL is the correct answer because it is a medication used to treat epilepsy and certain types of nerve pain. When prescribing TEGRETOL, it is important to consider the patient's absolute neutrophil count (ANC) because TEGRETOL can cause a decrease in white blood cell count, including neutrophils. Monitoring the ANC is crucial to ensure the patient's safety and to prevent complications related to low white blood cell count.

The two antiepileptics that are not metabolized via the hepatic route are Keppra and Neurontin (Gabapentin). This means that these medications are not broken down or processed by the liver in the body. Instead, they are eliminated from the body through other routes, such as renal excretion. This is important to consider when prescribing these medications, as patients with liver dysfunction may still be able to safely use Keppra and Neurontin without the risk of further liver damage or drug interactions.