Anatomy Exam 2 - Part 2

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  • 1/57 Questions

    Which of the following is not true about the abdominal cavity

    • Continuous inferiorly with the pelvic cavity
    • Lined with peritoneum
    • Enclosed by diaphragm at 4th intercostal space
    • None of the above
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About This Quiz

Anatomy Exam 2 - Part 2 assesses knowledge on the abdominal cavity, including muscle anatomy and physiological implications of injuries. It tests understanding of anatomical regions, muscle functions, and clinical outcomes, essential for medical students and professionals.

Anatomy Exam 2 - Part 2 - Quiz

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  • 2. 

    Which of the following regions would be located inferior to the Right lumbar region

    • Right hypochondriac

    • Left iliac

    • Hypogastric

    • Right iliac

    Correct Answer
    A. Right iliac
    Explanation
    The right iliac region would be located inferior to the right lumbar region. The term "inferior" refers to a position below or lower than another. In this case, the right iliac region is below the right lumbar region.

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  • 3. 

    Which is true about the external oblique

    • Intermediate muscle

    • Fibers run inferolaterally

    • Inferior margin forms inguinal ligament

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. Inferior margin forms inguinal ligament
    Explanation
    The correct answer is that the inferior margin of the external oblique forms the inguinal ligament. The inguinal ligament is a band of connective tissue that runs from the anterior superior iliac spine to the pubic tubercle. It forms the floor of the inguinal canal and helps to support the structures in the groin area. The fibers of the external oblique muscle run inferolaterally, but this is not specifically related to the formation of the inguinal ligament.

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  • 4. 

    The innermost muscle of the abdominal wall is the

    • Internal oblique

    • External oblique

    • Rectus abdominus

    • Transverse abdominal

    Correct Answer
    A. Transverse abdominal
    Explanation
    The transverse abdominal muscle is the deepest muscle of the abdominal wall. It runs horizontally across the abdomen and plays a crucial role in stabilizing the core and providing support to the spine. Unlike the other muscles listed, the transverse abdominal muscle is not involved in flexion or rotation of the trunk. Instead, it primarily aids in compressing the abdominal contents and maintaining proper posture.

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  • 5. 

    Which muscle is not involved in the formation of the linea alba

    • Pyramidalis

    • Internal oblique

    • External obligue

    • Transverse abdominal

    Correct Answer
    A. Pyramidalis
    Explanation
    pyrimidalis only tenses the linea alba, and is absent in 20% of people

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  • 6. 

    Which of the following would be expected after injury to the abdominal wall

    • Increased protection of abdominal viscera

    • Increased difficulty during defecation and micturition

    • Increased flexion of the trunk

    • Increased control of abdominal pressure

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. Increased difficulty during defecation and micturition
    Explanation
    Injury to the abdominal wall can lead to increased difficulty during defecation and micturition. The abdominal wall provides support and stability for the abdominal organs, including the intestines and bladder. When it is injured, the integrity of the abdominal cavity is compromised, which can result in weakened control over bowel movements and urination. This can manifest as increased difficulty and discomfort during defecation and micturition. The other options, such as increased protection of abdominal viscera, increased flexion of the trunk, and increased control of abdominal pressure, are not directly related to injury of the abdominal wall.

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  • 7. 

    Which of the following are found on the internal surface of the abdominal wall

    • Extraperitoneal fat

    • Transversalis fascia

    • Parietal peritoneum

    • All of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. All of the above
    Explanation
    The internal surface of the abdominal wall contains extraperitoneal fat, transversalis fascia, and parietal peritoneum. Extraperitoneal fat refers to the layer of fat located outside the peritoneum, which lines the abdominal cavity. Transversalis fascia is a dense connective tissue layer that lies beneath the extraperitoneal fat and provides support to the abdominal wall. Parietal peritoneum is the serous membrane that lines the abdominal cavity and covers the organs within it. Therefore, all of the above options are found on the internal surface of the abdominal wall.

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  • 8. 

    Which of the following should not be cut because they cover the inferior epigastric vessels

    • Median umbilical folds

    • Lateral umbilical folds

    • Median umbilical fold

    • Inguinal ligament

    Correct Answer
    A. Lateral umbilical folds
    Explanation
    The lateral umbilical folds should not be cut because they cover the inferior epigastric vessels. Cutting them could potentially damage these vessels, which could lead to bleeding or other complications. The inferior epigastric vessels are important for the blood supply to the abdominal wall, so it is crucial to preserve them during surgical procedures.

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  • 9. 

    Remnants of vessels supplying the fetus may be found in the

    • Inguinal canal

    • Scrotom

    • Pelvic cavity

    • Peritoneal folds

    Correct Answer
    A. Peritoneal folds
  • 10. 

    The inguinal area is  important because it

    • Is injured mostly in females (86 %)

    • Is clinically important because it is a site of herniation

    • Prevents structures from entering/exiting the abdominal cavity

    • All of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. Is clinically important because it is a site of herniation
    Explanation
    The inguinal area is clinically important because it is a site of herniation. Herniation refers to the protrusion of an organ or tissue through a weak spot or opening in the surrounding muscle or connective tissue. Inguinal hernias are common and occur when a portion of the intestine or abdominal tissue protrudes through the inguinal canal, which is located in the inguinal area. This can cause pain, discomfort, and complications if left untreated. Therefore, understanding the clinical significance of the inguinal area as a site of herniation is crucial for medical professionals.

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  • 11. 

    Which of the following branches of the inguinal ligament attach to the pubic tubercle

    • Lacunar ligament

    • Pectineal ligament of cooper

    • Reflected inguinal ligament

    • All of the above

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. None of the above
    Explanation
    these ligaments don't attach to the pubic tubercle

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  • 12. 

    The inguinal canal is

    • Occupied by the testies and ovaries

    • Superior to inguinal ligament

    • Superficial ring is lateral to inferior epigastric vessels

    • All of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. Superior to inguinal ligament
    Explanation
    it is occupied by the spermatic cord or round ligament, and the deep/internal ring is lateral to inferior epigastric vessels

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  • 13. 

    Patient presents with rupture of the conjoint tendon, which of the following is likely

    • Damage to tunica albuginea

    • Damage in connection of viscera to abdominal wall

    • Damage to posterior wall of inguinal canal

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. Damage to posterior wall of inguinal canal
    Explanation
    conjoint tendon is associated with he posterior wall of inguinal canal

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  • 14. 

    The spermatic cord

    • Begins at superficial ring and ends at deep inguinal ring

    • Covered by dartos fascia

    • Contains ductus deferens, testicular artery, and pampiniform venous plexus

    • Attaches to anterior testes

    Correct Answer
    A. Contains ductus deferens, testicular artery, and pampiniform venous plexus
    Explanation
    travels deep to superficial, and attaches to anterior testes, and is covered by cremasteric fascia, scrotum is dartos fascia

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  • 15. 

    The dartos fascia

    • Covers the spermatic cord

    • Prevents heat loss from scrotum

    • Connects abdominal wall muscles

    • None of the abvoe

    Correct Answer
    A. Prevents heat loss from scrotum
    Explanation
    The dartos fascia is a layer of smooth muscle and connective tissue in the scrotum. Its main function is to regulate the temperature of the testes by contracting or relaxing in response to changes in temperature. When it contracts, it causes the scrotum to become wrinkled, reducing the surface area and preventing heat loss from the scrotum. Therefore, the statement "prevents heat loss from scrotum" is the correct answer.

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  • 16. 

    Sperm forms in the

    • Tunica albuginea

    • Linea alba

    • Tunica vaginalis

    • Seminiferous tubules

    Correct Answer
    A. Seminiferous tubules
    Explanation
    Sperm forms in the seminiferous tubules. These tubules are located in the testes and are responsible for the production of sperm through a process called spermatogenesis. The seminiferous tubules contain specialized cells known as germ cells, which undergo a series of divisions and differentiations to ultimately form mature sperm cells. These sperm cells are then released into the tubules and transported out of the testes for eventual ejaculation. Therefore, the seminiferous tubules are the correct answer for where sperm forms.

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  • 17. 

    The closed peritoneal sac surrounding the testes is

    • Tunica albuginea

    • Tunica vaginalis

    • Seminiferous tubules

    Correct Answer
    A. Tunica vaginalis
    Explanation
    The closed peritoneal sac surrounding the testes is called the tunica vaginalis. This sac is formed during embryonic development and serves to protect and support the testes. It is derived from the peritoneum and consists of two layers, the visceral layer which covers the testes directly, and the parietal layer which lines the inner surface of the scrotum. The tunica vaginalis helps to maintain the temperature and proper functioning of the testes.

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  • 18. 

    The testicular artery runs retroperitoneally and enters the spermatic cord

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    The testicular artery is a major blood vessel that supplies blood to the testes. It runs retroperitoneally, which means it is located behind the peritoneum, a membrane that lines the abdominal cavity. After running retroperitoneally, the testicular artery enters the spermatic cord, which is a cord-like structure that contains the arteries, veins, nerves, and ducts necessary for the function of the testes. Therefore, the statement "The testicular artery runs retroperitoneally and enters the spermatic cord" is true.

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  • 19. 

    Which of the following is extraperitoneal

    • Spleen

    • Stomach

    • Kidneys

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. Kidneys
    Explanation
    The kidneys are located outside the peritoneal cavity, which is why they are considered extraperitoneal. The peritoneal cavity is the space within the abdomen that contains the abdominal organs, such as the spleen and stomach. The kidneys, on the other hand, are retroperitoneal, meaning they are situated behind the peritoneum, a membrane that lines the abdominal cavity. Therefore, the correct answer is kidneys.

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  • 20. 

    The intraperitoneal organs are found within the peritoneal cavity

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. False
    Explanation
    there are no organs in the peritoneal cavity , just fluid with leukocytes and antibodies

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  • 21. 

    The peritoneal cavity

    • Contains intraperitoneal organs

    • Open to erterior of body through fallopian tubes, uterine cavity and vagina in females

    • Open to exterior by urethra in males

    • All of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. Open to erterior of body through fallopian tubes, uterine cavity and vagina in females
    Explanation
    no organs in the peritoneal cavity, only open in females

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  • 22. 

    The parietal peritoneum

    • Has the same vasculature and innervation as the region of abdominopelvic wall above it

    • Has sensitivity to stretch and chemical irritation

    • Insensitive to touch heat and cold

    • Pain is referred to dermatomes supplying organ

    Correct Answer
    A. Has the same vasculature and innervation as the region of abdominopelvic wall above it
    Explanation
    all other answers are visceral peritoneum

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  • 23. 

    Neurovascular communication between the body wall and the organ is a feature of

    • Omentum

    • Peritoneal ligament

    • Mesentery

    • All of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. Mesentery
    Explanation
    The mesentery is a double layer of peritoneum that attaches the intestines to the abdominal wall. It plays a crucial role in neurovascular communication between the body wall and the organs it supports. This communication allows for the exchange of blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatic vessels, which are essential for maintaining the function and health of the organs. Therefore, the correct answer is mesentery.

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  • 24. 

    The falciform ligament

    • Occupies inguinal canal

    • Connects liver to abdominal wall

    • Holds breast to skin

    • Holds uterus in place

    Correct Answer
    A. Connects liver to abdominal wall
    Explanation
    The falciform ligament is a fold of peritoneum that attaches the liver to the anterior abdominal wall and diaphragm. It helps to stabilize and support the liver in its position within the abdominal cavity.

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  • 25. 

    The greater omentum has which of the following ligaments

    • Hepatoduodenal

    • Falciform

    • Hepatogastric

    • Gastrosplenic

    Correct Answer
    A. Gastrosplenic
    Explanation
    The greater omentum is a large fold of peritoneum that hangs down from the stomach and covers the intestines. It is attached to several ligaments, including the hepatoduodenal ligament, falciform ligament, hepatogastric ligament, and gastrosplenic ligament. The hepatoduodenal ligament connects the liver to the duodenum, the falciform ligament attaches the liver to the anterior abdominal wall, the hepatogastric ligament connects the liver to the stomach, and the gastrosplenic ligament connects the stomach to the spleen. Therefore, the correct answer is gastrosplenic.

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  • 26. 

    During your first rotation for surgery you get the opportunity to make a surgical incision through the anterolateral abdominal wall which of the following will you see

    • The omental bursa

    • The greater sac

    • Kidneys

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. The greater sac
    Explanation
    During the first rotation for surgery, making a surgical incision through the anterolateral abdominal wall would reveal the greater sac. The greater sac is the main cavity within the abdominal cavity and is surrounded by the peritoneum. It contains various organs such as the stomach, liver, intestines, and spleen. By making this incision, the surgeon would be able to visualize and access the greater sac and its contents for further surgical procedures.

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  • 27. 

    Choose the best answer. the stomach is allowed free movement on adjacent structures due to

    • Messentery

    • Omentum

    • Peritoneal ligament

    • Omaental bursa

    Correct Answer
    A. Omaental bursa
    Explanation
    The omental bursa is a potential space located behind the stomach. It allows for free movement of the stomach on adjacent structures, such as the liver and intestines. The omental bursa is formed by the folding of the peritoneum, a membrane that lines the abdominal cavity. This folding creates a sac-like structure that provides mobility and flexibility for the stomach. The other options, including the mesentery, omentum, and peritoneal ligament, do not specifically provide the same level of movement for the stomach.

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  • 28. 

    Which of the following is in the infracolic compartment of the abdomen

    • Stomach and liver

    • Ascending and descending colon

    • Spleen and small intestines

    • All of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. Ascending and descending colon
    Explanation
    The infracolic compartment of the abdomen refers to the space below the transverse mesocolon. The ascending and descending colon are located in this compartment. The stomach and liver are located in the upper part of the abdomen, and the spleen and small intestines are not specifically located in the infracolic compartment. Therefore, the correct answer is ascending and descending colon.

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  • 29. 

    The paracolic gutters allow communication between compartments of the abdomen

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    The paracolic gutters are anatomical structures located on either side of the colon in the abdomen. They serve as channels that allow communication between different compartments of the abdomen, such as the right and left paracolic gutters. This communication is important for the flow of fluid and the movement of organs within the abdomen. Therefore, the statement that the paracolic gutters allow communication between compartments of the abdomen is true.

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  • 30. 

    The esophagus is

    • Entirely smooth muscle

    • Retroperitoneal

    • Ends at esophageal hiatus

    • All of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. Retroperitoneal
    Explanation
    The correct answer is "retroperitoneal." The esophagus is located behind the peritoneum, which is the membrane that lines the abdominal cavity. Being retroperitoneal means that it is positioned outside the peritoneal cavity. This is an important anatomical characteristic to consider when studying the esophagus and understanding its relationship with other organs in the abdominal region.

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  • 31. 

    *The stomach starts enzymatic digestion by using chyme to break down food

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. False
    Explanation
    chyme is food that has been broken down after enzymatic digestion

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  • 32. 

    A thickened area of circular smooth muscle can be found in the ______ of the stomach

    • Cardia

    • Pylorus

    • Fundus

    • Body

    Correct Answer
    A. Pylorus
    Explanation
    The pylorus is the correct answer because it is the part of the stomach that connects to the small intestine. It contains a thickened area of circular smooth muscle called the pyloric sphincter, which controls the flow of food from the stomach into the small intestine. The other options, cardia, fundus, and body, do not contain this specific thickened area of circular smooth muscle.

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  • 33. 

    Gastric rugae, the folds of stomach mucosa are most defined

    • Pyloric stomach

    • Cardia

    • Lesser curvature

    • A & C

    Correct Answer
    A. Pyloric stomach
    Explanation
    in pyloric and greater curvature

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  • 34. 

    The widest and most fixed portion of the small intestine is

    • Jejunum

    • Duodenum

    • Illeum

    Correct Answer
    A. Duodenum
    Explanation
    The correct answer is duodenum. The duodenum is the widest and most fixed portion of the small intestine. It is the first part of the small intestine and receives partially digested food from the stomach. It plays a crucial role in the digestion process by receiving bile and pancreatic enzymes that help break down fats, proteins, and carbohydrates. The duodenum also absorbs nutrients from the digested food before it moves on to the jejunum and ileum for further digestion and absorption.

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  • 35. 

    The jejunum and illeum

    • Jejunum lies in pelvis then ascends to end in medial cecum

    • Receive arterial supply from SMA in arterial arcades

    • Venous drainage from splenic veins that lead to SMV then portal vein

    • All of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. Receive arterial supply from SMA in arterial arcades
    Explanation
    The jejunum and ileum receive their arterial supply from the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) in arterial arcades. This means that the blood vessels that supply these parts of the small intestine are arranged in a series of arches or loops. The venous drainage from the jejunum and ileum occurs through the splenic veins, which then lead to the superior mesenteric vein (SMV) and ultimately to the portal vein. Therefore, all of the above statements are correct.

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  • 36. 

    Which of the following differentiates the large and small intestines

    • Teniae coli

    • Haustra

    • Omental appendices

    • Caliber

    • All of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. All of the above
    Explanation
    The large and small intestines can be differentiated by several factors. The teniae coli are bands of smooth muscle that run along the colon, giving it a segmented appearance. Haustra are pouches that form along the colon, allowing for the expansion and contraction of the intestine. Omental appendices are small fatty projections found on the colon. Caliber refers to the diameter or width of the intestine. All of these factors, including teniae coli, haustra, omental appendices, and caliber, differentiate the large and small intestines.

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  • 37. 

    This part of the large intestine has no mesentery  but has a diverticula attached with a mesentery of its own

    • Illeum

    • Cecum

    • Jejunum

    • Ascending colon

    Correct Answer
    A. Cecum
    Explanation
    the diverticula is the appendix

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  • 38. 

    McBurney's point is significant because it

    • Frequent point of herniation

    • Is the base of the appendix

    • Dermatome of referred pain

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. Is the base of the appendix
    Explanation
    McBurney's point is significant because it is the base of the appendix. This anatomical landmark is important in diagnosing appendicitis, as tenderness or pain at this point can indicate inflammation or infection of the appendix. Surgeons also use McBurney's point as a reference during appendectomy procedures, as it helps locate the appendix for removal.

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  • 39. 

    The ______ colon is the most flexible and the ___________colon is retroperitoneal

    • Descending, transverse

    • Transverse, sigmoid

    • Sigmoid, descending

    • Transverse, descending

    Correct Answer
    A. Transverse, descending
    Explanation
    The transverse colon is the most flexible part of the colon because it is not fixed in position and can move freely within the abdominal cavity. On the other hand, the descending colon is retroperitoneal, meaning it is located outside the peritoneal cavity and is attached to the posterior abdominal wall.

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  • 40. 

    Pt presents with damage to left 9-11th ribs which of the following should you suspect

    • Damage to liver

    • Damage to spleen

    • All of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. Damage to spleen
    Explanation
    If a patient presents with damage to the left 9-11th ribs, it is likely that they have sustained trauma to the left upper quadrant of the abdomen. The spleen is located in this area and is vulnerable to injury due to its position and fragile structure. Therefore, damage to the spleen should be suspected in this case. The liver is also located in the upper abdomen, but the specific rib numbers mentioned in the question suggest a higher likelihood of spleen injury.

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  • 41. 

    The largest branch of the celiac trunk is the

    • SMA

    • Splenic artery

    • IMA

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. Splenic artery
    Explanation
    The largest branch of the celiac trunk is the splenic artery. The celiac trunk is a major branch of the abdominal aorta that supplies blood to the upper abdominal organs. It gives rise to several branches, including the left gastric artery, common hepatic artery, and splenic artery. Among these branches, the splenic artery is the largest. It supplies oxygenated blood to the spleen, as well as other organs in the abdominal region.

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  • 42. 

    The pancreas is

    • Intraperitoneal

    • An accessory digestive gland

    • Produces exocrine secretions from islets of langerhans

    • All of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. An accessory digestive gland
    Explanation
    retroperitoneal, produces endocrine secretions from islets of Langerhans, exocrine secretion is pancreatic juice

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  • 43. 

    The tail of the spleen embraces the C shaped curve of the duodenum

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. False
    Explanation
    this describes the head, the tail lies left of the colic flexure

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  • 44. 

    The sphincter of oddi

    • Controls the movement of chyme into small intestines

    • Controls the release of the bowels

    • Controls the flow of bile and pancreatic juice

    • Is involved in heart burn

    Correct Answer
    A. Controls the flow of bile and pancreatic juice
    Explanation
    The sphincter of Oddi is a muscular valve located in the small intestine that regulates the flow of bile and pancreatic juice into the duodenum. Bile, produced by the liver, and pancreatic juice, produced by the pancreas, are essential for the digestion and absorption of fats, carbohydrates, and proteins. The sphincter of Oddi opens and closes to control the release of these fluids, allowing them to enter the small intestine at the appropriate times during digestion. This ensures that the digestive process is properly coordinated and efficient.

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  • 45. 

    Damage to L1 -L2 vertebrae may affect

    • Spleen

    • Pancreas

    • Liver

    Correct Answer
    A. Pancreas
    Explanation
    Damage to the L1-L2 vertebrae may affect the pancreas because the pancreas is located in the upper abdomen, near the L1-L2 vertebrae. The pancreas plays a crucial role in digestion and regulating blood sugar levels. Any injury or damage to the vertebrae in this area can potentially impact the nerves and blood supply to the pancreas, leading to dysfunction or impairment in its normal functioning.

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  • 46. 

    The liver stores glycogen, secretes bile and receives every substance absorbed from the alimentary canal

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. False
    Explanation
    except lipids

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  • 47. 

    Morrison's pouch a radiologist and surgeion landmark is found

    • On pancreas

    • At the hepatorenal recess on the right side of the liver

    • Posterior to the kidney

    • At the subphrenic recess

    Correct Answer
    A. At the hepatorenal recess on the right side of the liver
    Explanation
    Morrison's pouch is a radiologist and surgeon landmark found at the hepatorenal recess on the right side of the liver. The hepatorenal recess is a space located between the liver and the right kidney. This anatomical landmark is important for medical professionals as it serves as a reference point during imaging or surgical procedures involving the liver and kidney.

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  • 48. 

    Which of the following would be noted on physical exam

    • The patients liver is behind the left 7-11 ribs

    • The liver moves inferiorly during deep breathing

    • All of the above

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. The liver moves inferiorly during deep breathing
    Explanation
    its on the right

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  • 49. 

    The sagital fissures and porta hepatis

    • Are remnants of the obliterated umbilical veins

    • Demarcate the caudate and quadrate lobes of liver

    • Deperate the right and left liver lobes

    Correct Answer
    A. Demarcate the caudate and quadrate lobes of liver
    Explanation
    The sagittal fissures and porta hepatis are anatomical structures that separate different lobes of the liver. The caudate and quadrate lobes are two of the four lobes of the liver, and they are specifically demarcated by these structures. The sagittal fissures are deep grooves that separate the caudate and quadrate lobes from the right and left lobes of the liver. The porta hepatis, on the other hand, is a specific area on the liver where the hepatic artery, portal vein, and bile duct enter and exit the liver. Together, these structures clearly define the boundaries of the caudate and quadrate lobes within the liver.

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  • Current Version
  • Jun 27, 2023
    Quiz Edited by
    ProProfs Editorial Team
  • Nov 08, 2010
    Quiz Created by
    Chinedua

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