Anatomy And Physiology Test 2

Smooth muscle is responsible for the movement of food through the digestive tract because it produces waves of contractions. These contractions, known as peristalsis, help propel the material through the digestive tract. Unlike skeletal muscle, which puts pressure on the digestive tract, and cardiac muscle, which maintains high pressure, smooth muscle creates rhythmic contractions that help move the food from one end of the digestive tract to the other. Additionally, skeletal muscle sphincters contract and allow materials to move through the digestive tract, but they do not play a direct role in the movement of food through the digestive tract.

Skeletal muscle is described as striated because it has a striped appearance due to the arrangement of its contractile proteins. It is also described as voluntary because it is under conscious control, meaning that we can choose to contract or relax our skeletal muscles as needed.

Macrophages play a crucial role in the healing of a skin wound by phagocytizing and digesting tissue debris. This process helps to remove dead cells and other waste materials from the wound site, promoting a clean environment for healing. By clearing away debris, macrophages facilitate the regeneration of healthy tissue and contribute to the overall repair process.

Neuroglia is the correct answer because nervous tissue is primarily composed of two cell types: neurons and neuroglia. Neurons are responsible for transmitting electrical signals, while neuroglia provide support and protection to neurons. Fibroblasts, chondrocytes, myocytes, and osteocytes are not typically found in nervous tissue.

Mucous glands secrete mucin, which combines with water to form a thick and sticky product. On the other hand, serous glands produce a relatively watery fluid.

After six months of lifting weights at the gym, the increase in size of your muscles is due to hypertrophy of muscle cells. Hypertrophy refers to the enlargement of muscle cells, which occurs as a response to increased workload or exercise. This process involves an increase in the size of individual muscle fibers rather than an increase in their number. Therefore, the increase in muscle size observed after weightlifting is a result of hypertrophy, not hyperplasia (increase in cell number), neoplasia (abnormal cell growth), metaplasia (change in cell type), or atrophy (decrease in cell size).

Fibrosis is the correct answer because it refers to the replacement of damaged tissue with scar tissue. When an injury or inflammation occurs, fibroblasts produce collagen fibers to repair the damaged area. This process leads to the formation of scar tissue, which is composed mainly of collagen. Fibrosis can occur in various organs and tissues of the body as a result of chronic inflammation, infection, or injury. Unlike regeneration, where new functional tissue is formed, fibrosis results in the formation of non-functional scar tissue.

Endocrine glands are responsible for secreting hormones directly into the bloodstream. Hormones are chemical messengers that travel through the blood to target cells or organs, where they regulate various physiological processes. This is different from exocrine glands, which secrete substances through ducts to the outside of the body or into body cavities. In this case, the correct answer states that endocrine glands secrete hormones into the blood, accurately describing the function of these glands.

Blood is found in the heart and one of its functions is to transport nutrients to the tissues. Blood contains red blood cells, which carry oxygen and nutrients to the body's tissues and organs. It also contains white blood cells, which help fight infections, and platelets, which aid in blood clotting. The heart pumps blood throughout the body, ensuring that nutrients are delivered to cells and tissues to support their proper functioning.

Merocrine glands, such as tear glands, release their secretion by exocytosis, which means the secretory vesicles fuse with the cell membrane and release their contents outside the cell. On the other hand, holocrine glands, such as oil-producing glands, secrete a mixture of disintegrated cells and their products. In holocrine secretion, the entire cell disintegrates to release the secretion. Therefore, the correct answer is Merocrine; holocrine.

Areolar tissue is a loose connective tissue that exhibits a lot of apparently empty space. It is found in many serous membranes, which are thin, double-layered membranes that line the body cavities and cover the organs within them. Areolar tissue is composed of a gel-like matrix with fibroblasts, collagen, and elastic fibers. It provides support and cushioning to organs, allows for the diffusion of nutrients and waste products, and plays a role in immune responses.

Collagenous fibers are a type of connective tissue fiber that provide strength and support to various structures in the body. Tendons and ligaments are composed primarily of collagenous fibers, which allow them to withstand tension and provide stability to joints. The deeper portion of the skin, known as the dermis, also contains a significant amount of collagenous fibers, which contribute to the skin's strength and elasticity. Therefore, the correct answer is tendons, ligaments, and the deeper portion of the skin.

Marfan syndrome is a genetic disorder that affects the connective tissues in the body, including elastin fibers. One of the common symptoms of Marfan syndrome is hyperextensible joints, which means that the joints are more flexible and can move beyond the normal range of motion. This increased joint flexibility can lead to joint pain, dislocations, and other orthopedic issues. Therefore, the correct answer is hyperextensible joints.

Chondroblasts are responsible for secreting the rubbery matrix of cartilage, while fibroblasts produce the fibers and ground substance that form the matrix of fibrous connective tissue.

Triglycerides are constantly synthesized and stored in adipose tissue, which is the main site of fat storage in the body. Adipose tissue consists of adipocytes, specialized cells that store triglycerides in the form of fat droplets. When energy is needed, triglycerides are hydrolyzed and released into circulation to be used as a source of energy by other cells in the body. Therefore, adipose tissue plays a crucial role in regulating energy balance and maintaining lipid homeostasis.

Muscular and nervous tissues are able to respond quickly to outside stimuli by undergoing changes in their membrane potential. This ability to generate electrical signals and transmit them allows these tissues to quickly and efficiently communicate and coordinate responses throughout the body. Therefore, they are referred to as excitable tissues.