Anatomy And Physiology Test 2
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The replacement of damaged tissue with scar tissue is called
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Necrosis
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Apoptosis
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Gangrene
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Regeneration
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Fibrosis
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Anatomy and Physiology Test 2 evaluates understanding of tissue repair, gland function, and muscle adaptation. It assesses key concepts like fibrosis, hypertrophy, and glandular secretion mechanisms, crucial for students in medical and health-related fields.
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- 2.
Macrophanges ________ in the healing of a skin wound.
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Release histamine to increase blood flow to the area
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Produce and secrete collagenous fibers
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Phagocytize and digest tissue debris
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Stimulate epithelial cells to multiply
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Make capillaries more permeable allowing white blood cells to migrate into the area
Correct Answer
A. Phagocytize and digest tissue debrisExplanation
Macrophages play a crucial role in the healing of a skin wound by phagocytizing and digesting tissue debris. This process helps to remove dead cells and other waste materials from the wound site, promoting a clean environment for healing. By clearing away debris, macrophages facilitate the regeneration of healthy tissue and contribute to the overall repair process.Rate this question:
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- 3.
After six months of lifting weights at the gym you notice that some of your muscles have increased in size. This increase in size is due to _______ of muscle cells.
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Hyperplasia
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Neoplasia
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Hypertrophy
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Metaplasia
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Atrophy
Correct Answer
A. HypertrophyExplanation
After six months of lifting weights at the gym, the increase in size of your muscles is due to hypertrophy of muscle cells. Hypertrophy refers to the enlargement of muscle cells, which occurs as a response to increased workload or exercise. This process involves an increase in the size of individual muscle fibers rather than an increase in their number. Therefore, the increase in muscle size observed after weightlifting is a result of hypertrophy, not hyperplasia (increase in cell number), neoplasia (abnormal cell growth), metaplasia (change in cell type), or atrophy (decrease in cell size).Rate this question:
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- 4.
___________glands (such as tear glands) have vesicles that release their secretion by exocytosis, whereas____________ glands (sucha s oil-producing glands) secrete a mixture of disintegraed cells nad their products.
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Endocrine; exocrine
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Mucous; serous
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Cytogenic; apocrine
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Mucous; cutaneous
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Merocrine; holocrine
Correct Answer
A. Merocrine; holocrineExplanation
Merocrine glands, such as tear glands, release their secretion by exocytosis, which means the secretory vesicles fuse with the cell membrane and release their contents outside the cell. On the other hand, holocrine glands, such as oil-producing glands, secrete a mixture of disintegrated cells and their products. In holocrine secretion, the entire cell disintegrates to release the secretion. Therefore, the correct answer is Merocrine; holocrine.Rate this question:
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- 5.
_________glands secrete mucin, which combines with water to form a thick and sticky product, whereas ________ glands produce a relatively watery fluid.
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Mucous; serous
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Merocrine; holocrine
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Apocrine; mixed
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Endocrine; exocrine
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Serous; mucous
Correct Answer
A. Mucous; serousExplanation
Mucous glands secrete mucin, which combines with water to form a thick and sticky product. On the other hand, serous glands produce a relatively watery fluid.Rate this question:
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- 6.
__________ Secrete _______________ into _________________.
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Goblet cells; mucus; the blood
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Endocrine glands; hormones; ducts
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Exocrine glands; hormones; ducts
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Endocrine glands; hormones; the blood
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Exocrine glands; mucus; the blood
Correct Answer
A. Endocrine glands; hormones; the bloodExplanation
Endocrine glands are responsible for secreting hormones directly into the bloodstream. Hormones are chemical messengers that travel through the blood to target cells or organs, where they regulate various physiological processes. This is different from exocrine glands, which secrete substances through ducts to the outside of the body or into body cavities. In this case, the correct answer states that endocrine glands secrete hormones into the blood, accurately describing the function of these glands.Rate this question:
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- 7.
Skeletal muscle is described as
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Striated and voluntary
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Striated and involutary
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Nonstriated and voluntary
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Nonstriated and involuntary
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Fibrous and contracting
Correct Answer
A. Striated and voluntaryExplanation
Skeletal muscle is described as striated because it has a striped appearance due to the arrangement of its contractile proteins. It is also described as voluntary because it is under conscious control, meaning that we can choose to contract or relax our skeletal muscles as needed.Rate this question:
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- 8.
Astronauts in zero gravity are able to move food through their digestive tracts because
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Smooth muscle produces waves of contractions the propel material through the digestive tract.
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Skeletal muscle puts pressure on the digestive tract
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Cardiac muscle maintains a high pressure that moves material through the digestive tract
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Striated muscle creates a pressure gradient that forces material from on eend of the digestive tract to the other
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Skeletal muscle sphincters contract and allow materials to move through digestive tract.
Correct Answer
A. Smooth muscle produces waves of contractions the propel material through the digestive tract.Explanation
Smooth muscle is responsible for the movement of food through the digestive tract because it produces waves of contractions. These contractions, known as peristalsis, help propel the material through the digestive tract. Unlike skeletal muscle, which puts pressure on the digestive tract, and cardiac muscle, which maintains high pressure, smooth muscle creates rhythmic contractions that help move the food from one end of the digestive tract to the other. Additionally, skeletal muscle sphincters contract and allow materials to move through the digestive tract, but they do not play a direct role in the movement of food through the digestive tract.Rate this question:
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- 9.
Nervous tissue consists predominantly of two cell types, neurons and
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Fibroblasts
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Chondrocytes
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Neuroglia
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Myocytes
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Osteocytes
Correct Answer
A. NeurogliaExplanation
Neuroglia is the correct answer because nervous tissue is primarily composed of two cell types: neurons and neuroglia. Neurons are responsible for transmitting electrical signals, while neuroglia provide support and protection to neurons. Fibroblasts, chondrocytes, myocytes, and osteocytes are not typically found in nervous tissue.Rate this question:
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- 10.
________ tissues respond quickly to outside stimuli by means of changes in membrane potential, thus they are called ___________ tissues.
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Muscular and nervous; excitable
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Connective and muscluar; responsive
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Adipose and areolar; complex
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Epithelial and connective; irritable
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Nervous and connective; excitable
Correct Answer
A. Muscular and nervous; excitableExplanation
Muscular and nervous tissues are able to respond quickly to outside stimuli by undergoing changes in their membrane potential. This ability to generate electrical signals and transmit them allows these tissues to quickly and efficiently communicate and coordinate responses throughout the body. Therefore, they are referred to as excitable tissues.Rate this question:
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- 11.
___________ exhibits a lot of apparently empty space, and is found in many serous membranes.
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Blood
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Areolar tissue
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Osseous tissue
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Dense irregular connective tissue
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Adipose tissue
Correct Answer
A. Areolar tissueExplanation
Areolar tissue is a loose connective tissue that exhibits a lot of apparently empty space. It is found in many serous membranes, which are thin, double-layered membranes that line the body cavities and cover the organs within them. Areolar tissue is composed of a gel-like matrix with fibroblasts, collagen, and elastic fibers. It provides support and cushioning to organs, allows for the diffusion of nutrients and waste products, and plays a role in immune responses.Rate this question:
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- 12.
_____________ is found in the heart, and one of its functions is to _____________.
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Dense irregular connective tissue; allow for heart contraction and relaxation
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Adipose tissue; store energy for the heart
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Reticular tissue; provide support to the heart
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Simple cuboidal epithelium; line the heart chambers
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Blood; transport nutrients to the tissues
Correct Answer
A. Blood; transport nutrients to the tissuesExplanation
Blood is found in the heart and one of its functions is to transport nutrients to the tissues. Blood contains red blood cells, which carry oxygen and nutrients to the body's tissues and organs. It also contains white blood cells, which help fight infections, and platelets, which aid in blood clotting. The heart pumps blood throughout the body, ensuring that nutrients are delivered to cells and tissues to support their proper functioning.Rate this question:
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- 13.
Collagenous fibers are very abundant in
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Blood and hyaline cartilage
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Blood and adipose tissue, and osseous tissue
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Ligamets, bones and the most superficial portion of the skin
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Tendons, ligaments and the deeper portion of the skin
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Areolar tissue, tongue and bones
Correct Answer
A. Tendons, ligaments and the deeper portion of the skinExplanation
Collagenous fibers are a type of connective tissue fiber that provide strength and support to various structures in the body. Tendons and ligaments are composed primarily of collagenous fibers, which allow them to withstand tension and provide stability to joints. The deeper portion of the skin, known as the dermis, also contains a significant amount of collagenous fibers, which contribute to the skin's strength and elasticity. Therefore, the correct answer is tendons, ligaments, and the deeper portion of the skin.Rate this question:
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- 14.
Marfan syndrome is a hereditary defect in elastin fibers. People with this syndrome have
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Hyperextensible joints
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A small cranium
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Elastic bones
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Stronger bones
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Viscous blood
Correct Answer
A. Hyperextensible jointsExplanation
Marfan syndrome is a genetic disorder that affects the connective tissues in the body, including elastin fibers. One of the common symptoms of Marfan syndrome is hyperextensible joints, which means that the joints are more flexible and can move beyond the normal range of motion. This increased joint flexibility can lead to joint pain, dislocations, and other orthopedic issues. Therefore, the correct answer is hyperextensible joints.Rate this question:
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- 15.
___________ secrete the rubbery matrix of cartilage, whereas _______________ produce the fibers and ground substance that form the matrix of fibrous connective tissue.
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Chondroblasts; plasma cells
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Mast cells; fibroblasts
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Osteocytes; chondroblasts
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Chondroblasts; fibroblasts
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Adipocytes; plasma cells
Correct Answer
A. Chondroblasts; fibroblastsExplanation
Chondroblasts are responsible for secreting the rubbery matrix of cartilage, while fibroblasts produce the fibers and ground substance that form the matrix of fibrous connective tissue.Rate this question:
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- 16.
New triglycerides are constantly synthesized and stored and others are hydrolyzed and released in to circulation mostly from cells in
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Blood
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Fibrous connective tissue
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Adipose tissue
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Reticular tissue
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Transitional tissue
Correct Answer
A. Adipose tissueExplanation
Triglycerides are constantly synthesized and stored in adipose tissue, which is the main site of fat storage in the body. Adipose tissue consists of adipocytes, specialized cells that store triglycerides in the form of fat droplets. When energy is needed, triglycerides are hydrolyzed and released into circulation to be used as a source of energy by other cells in the body. Therefore, adipose tissue plays a crucial role in regulating energy balance and maintaining lipid homeostasis.Rate this question:
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Mar 21, 2023Quiz Edited by
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Jun 09, 2012Quiz Created by
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