Abnormal Psychology Exam 4 Study Guide

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A person with Profound MR has an IQ below 25. This indicates that their intellectual functioning is severely impaired, as they score well below the average IQ range of 90-110. Profound MR is typically associated with significant cognitive and developmental delays, impacting the individual's ability to learn and function independently in daily life.

The given diagnostic criteria, including aggression toward people and animals, destruction of property, deceitfulness, theft, and serious violations of rules, are all indicative of Conduct Disorder (CD). CD is a psychiatric disorder typically diagnosed in childhood or adolescence and is characterized by a persistent pattern of behavior that violates the rights of others and societal norms. This includes engaging in aggressive and destructive behaviors, showing a lack of empathy or remorse, and disregarding rules and authority figures. ODD (Oppositional Defiant Disorder) and ADHD (Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder) have different diagnostic criteria and do not encompass all the mentioned behaviors.

A person with Severe MR typically has an IQ range of 25-39. This indicates a significant intellectual disability, as an IQ below 70 is considered to be in the range of intellectual disability. The given answer falls within this range and suggests a severe level of cognitive impairment.

This is a feature of MR, not autism.

A person with Moderate MR has an IQ of 40-54. This indicates that the person has a moderate level of intellectual disability. They may have difficulties with problem-solving, learning, and communication skills. Individuals in this range may require support and accommodations in their daily lives to help them navigate and participate in society.

A person with Mild MR has an IQ of 55-69. This range indicates that the individual has mild intellectual disability, characterized by below-average cognitive abilities and difficulties in adaptive functioning. People in this range may have some limitations in learning, problem-solving, and communication skills, but they can often acquire practical life skills and benefit from support and accommodations.

An example of an internalizing disorder is anxiety, sadness, depression, and withdrawal. Internalizing disorders are characterized by the inward expression of emotions and behaviors, often resulting in feelings of distress or discomfort. These disorders are commonly associated with symptoms such as excessive worrying, low mood, feelings of hopelessness, and social withdrawal. Individuals with internalizing disorders tend to internalize their emotions and may have difficulty expressing or managing them in a healthy way.

The three subtypes of autism are aloof, passive, and active but odd.

Before a child is diagnosed with autism, other Pervasive Developmental Disorders must be ruled out. This is because these disorders share some similar characteristics with autism and can sometimes be mistaken for it. CDD (Childhood Disintegrative Disorder), Rett's Disorder, and Asperger's Disorder are all examples of Pervasive Developmental Disorders that need to be considered during the diagnostic process. However, Mental Retardation is not a Pervasive Developmental Disorder and therefore does not need to be ruled out when diagnosing autism.

Symptoms of autism need to be documented before the age of 3. Autism is typically diagnosed in early childhood, and early intervention is crucial for better outcomes. By documenting symptoms before the age of 3, healthcare professionals can identify and address developmental delays, social communication difficulties, and repetitive behaviors associated with autism. This allows for timely intervention and support for children with autism and their families.

If a child is impaired but does not meet the full criteria for Autistic Disorder, they would be diagnosed with PDD NOS (Pervasive Developmental Disorder Not Otherwise Specified). PDD NOS is a diagnosis given to individuals who have some but not all of the characteristics of Autism Spectrum Disorder. It is a milder form of autism and is used when the symptoms do not fit into any other specific category.

Intensive Behavior Modification is a treatment that has been found to be effective for individuals with autism. This approach focuses on modifying and shaping behaviors through intensive therapy sessions. It involves using positive reinforcement techniques to encourage desired behaviors and reduce challenging behaviors. The goal is to help individuals with autism develop important skills and improve their overall quality of life. This treatment approach is often tailored to meet the specific needs and abilities of each individual with autism, making it a highly individualized and effective treatment option.

Facilitated communication is a technique that involves a facilitator supporting the hand or arm of a person with autism to help them communicate. However, numerous scientific studies have shown that facilitated communication is not a valid or effective treatment for autism. It has been found to be unreliable and subject to the facilitator's influence rather than the individual with autism. Therefore, facilitated communication is not considered a viable treatment option for autism.